Iranian Scientific Fisheries Journal

fa مقاله علمی – پژوهشی:‌ ارزیابی ویژگی‌های اقتصادی-اجتماعی تعاونی‌های صید پره استان گلستان Evaluation of socio-economic characteristics of beach seine fishing cooperatives in Golestan Province اقتصاد شيلاتي اقتصاد شيلاتي پژوهشي Research این پژوهش با هدف ارزیابی فرصت‌های شغلی، هزینه‌ها، دستمزد و حقوق افراد شاغل، سودآوری فعالیت و ویژگی‌های جمعیت‌شناسی تعاونی‌های صید پره استان گلستان برای سال بهره‌برداری 1400-1399 انجام شد. داده‌ها و اطلاعات تحقیق به روش پیمایشی و از طریق پرسشنامه از 10 تعاونی صید پره نمونه مستقر در ساحل شرقی (صیدگاه گمیشان) و ساحل غربی (صیدگاه میانکاله) جمع‌آوری شد. 16 تعاونی صید پره فعال، تعداد ۴۱۶ فرصت‌ شغلی ثابت را ثبت کردند که میانگین موقعیت شغلی به ازاء هر تعاونی10±26 نفر محاسبه شد. تعداد کل افراد شاغل تعاونی‌ها 587 نفر با میانگین (± انحراف معیار) 13±37 نفر به ازاء هر تعاونی به‌دست آمد. میانگین ساعات کاری سالانه پرسنل شاغل در کل ساحل و ساحل غربی به‌‌ترتیب 23 و 37 درصد بیشتر از استاندارد کشوری و در ساحل شرقی 16 درصدکمتر بوده است. هزینه‌های پرسنلی بیشترین سهم (۳/67 درصد) و هزینه‌های تعمیر و نگهداری دومین رتبه را در بین هزینه‌های متغیر نشان داد (۷/17 درصد). میانگین دستمزد ماهانه هر پرسنل شاغل در کل تعاونی‌ها 1155876±2526786 تومان برآورد شد که برای پرسنل شاغل در ساحل غربی (1291226±2709892 تومان) 29 درصد بیشتر از پرسنل ساحل شرقی (786939 ±2099540 تومان) بود. برای رسیدن به نقطه سر به سر درآمدها، مقدار صید هر تعاونی باید ۵۶ برابر مقدارصید موجود افزایش یابد. میانگین سنی افراد شاغل 3/7± 5/48 سال، میانگین تعداد خانوار هر پرسنل 42/0±۴ نفر و سهم ماهیگیری پره در معیشت و درآمد افراد شاغل ۴۲ درصد تعیین شد. شاخص‌‌های اقتصادی نشان داد که ماهیگیری پره در حال حاضر فاقد سوددهی بوده است و ادامه فعالیت توجیه اقتصادی ندارد. کاهش تعداد اعضاء فعال تعاونی‌های پره با هدف افزایش سهم دستمزد افراد شاغل و نوسازی تجهیزات صیادی به منظور کاهش هزینه‌‌های تعمیر و نگهداری برای افزایش عملکرد اقتصادی تعاونی‌ها پیشنهاد می شود. Introduction Based on socio-economic studies, fishing is considered a complex activity worldwide, arising from the interrelation of different groups of fishermen, limited and valuable resources, and an increasing demand for supply in the consumer market (Pinello et al., 2017). The main objectives of socio-economic studies are to analyze the livelihoods of people directly involved in the fisheries, employment opportunities, profitability levels of the activity, and demographic patterns. Beach seine fishing, in the form of fishing cooperatives, is the only permitted fishing gear for bony fish in Iranian waters of the Caspian Sea during the six-month fishing season from mid-October to mid-April. Various studies have evaluated the social problems (Forouhesh Tehrani, 2013), economic conditions (Dad et al., 2013; Yazdani et al., 2017) of bony fish from beach seine fishing cooperatives. The beach seine fishery plays a crucial role in the livelihoods and income of local fishermen, and it also serves as a significant source of protein for coastal communities. However, there is a lack of comprehensive information on the socio-economic performance of the fishery. This study aimed to evaluate various socio-economic indicators of existing beach seine cooperatives in the Golestan province during the 2020-2021 fishing season, including employment, costs, remuneration, profitability, livelihood, and demographics. Methodology The socio-economic variables were collected through a sampling survey and by completing a questionnaire from the beach seine fishing cooperatives located on the West (Miankaleh) and East (Gomishan) coasts of Golestan province. The survey period spanned one calendar year, coinciding with the fishing season from October 6, 2020, to April 14, 2021. A stratified random sampling strategy based on ecological characteristics was designed (Pinello et al., 2017). Given that the total number of active beach seine fishing cooperatives was less than 50 (13 on the west coast and 3 on the east coast), 50% of the cooperatives were selected for sampling, i.e., 7 cooperatives from the West coast and all 3 cooperatives from the East coast. The questionnaires consisted of 76 separate variables, and the data were analyzed in 4 indicator groups: social, economic, socio-economic indicators, and demographic characteristics (Pinello et al., 2017). Indicators were derived from the questionnaire variables to evaluate the socio-economic status of beach seine cooperatives. Results The 16 beach seine fishing cooperatives provided a total of 416 employment opportunities, and the contribution of the West coast was 73.6% (306 jobs) and the East coast 26.4% (110 jobs). The average (±SD) working hours per engaged crew based on national full-time equivalent were calculated as 1.23 ± 0.3 for the entire coastline and 1.37 ± 0.4 and 0.84 ± 0.1 for the west and east coasts, respectively. The variable costs along the coast were estimated at 14.4 billion Tomans in Iranian currency, of which personnel costs accounted for 67.3% (9.7 billion Tomans) and repair and maintenance costs, 17.7 % (2.54 billion Tomans). The average monthly remuneration per crew member engaged along the entire coastline was estimated at 2,526,786±1,155,876 Tomans, and on the West and East coasts at 2,709,892±1,291,226 and 2,099,540±786,939, respectively. The economic profit for all the fishing cooperatives and cooperatives on the west and east coasts was negative. The average break-even revenues per cooperative for the entire and the West coast were calculated as 50.8 ± 2.3 and 2.8 ± 1.4 billion Tomans, respectively, but a negative number for the East coast. The catch to achieve the average break-even revenues would be 1,376,186 ± 81,934 kilograms per cooperative for the entire coast and 82,573 ± 56,589 kilograms for the Eest coast. The average age of the crew member was 48.5±7.3 years, and the average number of households per crew was 4±0.42. The share of beach seine fishing activities in the household income was 42 %.  Discussion and conclusion The beach seine fishing cooperatives on the West coast create employment opportunities 2.8 times greater than the East coast. The national full-time equivalent working hours indicated that the crew engaged along the entire coast and the west coast work 23% and 37% higher than the national reference level, respectively, and 16% lower on the East coast. Personnel costs, i.e., remuneration, account for the largest share (67.3 %), and repair and maintenance costs ranked second (17.7 %) among the five variable cost indicators, which are consistent with the previous findings for the cooperatives along the Caspian Sea (Salehi et al., 2016). The negative economic profit of the cooperatives reveals that this fishing activity is not profitable. To reach the break-even revenues, the catch amount of each beach seine cooperative must increase 56 times greater than the current catch, that is, it must increase from the current 24.6 ±11.3 tons to 1,376.1±81.9 tons per cooperative. The members of the fishing cooperatives are mainly middle-aged people with an average age of 48.5±7.3 years, which is very similar to the average age of fishermen for Kilka fisheries in the Caspian Sea (47.7 years) (Taghavimotlagh et al., 2020). Reducing the number of active members of the beach seine cooperatives and renovating the fishing equipment is proposed to increase the economic performance of the cooperatives. Conflict of Interest The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest. Acknowledgment We want to express our gratitude to the Iranian Fisheries Research Sciences Institute for their cooperation and financial support. This study is part of project No. 3-77-1230-043-000628. تعاونی پره, ماهیان استخوانی, استان گلستان, دستمزد, معیشت Beach seine cooperative, Bony fish, Golestan province, remuneration, livelihood 43 53 http://isfj.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-666-4&slc_lang=fa&sid=1 Abbas Hosseini سیدعباس حسینی ab_hossaini@yahoo.com 100319475328460040953 100319475328460040953 Yes Caspian Sea Ecology Research Center, Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Sari, Iran موسسه تحقیقات علوم شیلاتی کشور N. Abyar نور محمد آبیار abyarnm@yahoo.com 100319475328460040954 100319475328460040954 No Golestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Gorgan, Iran مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان گلستان S.A. Taghavimotlagh سیدامین الله تقوی مطلق s_taghavimotlagh@hotmail.com 100319475328460040955 100319475328460040955 No Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute (IFSRI), Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran مؤسسه تحقیقات علوم شیلاتی کشور G.R. Daryanabard غلامرضا دریانبرد daryanabard@gmail.com 100319475328460040956 100319475328460040956 No Caspian Sea Ecology Research Center, Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Sari, Iran موسسه تحقیقات علوم شیلاتی کشور M. Larijani محمد لاریجانی mohamadlarijani@gmail.com 100319475328460040957 100319475328460040957 No Inland Waters Aquaculture Research Center, Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Gorgan, Iran موسسه تحقیقات علوم شیلاتی کشور M. Yahyaei محسن یحیایی mohsenyahyaei45@gmail.com 100319475328460040958 100319475328460040958 No Golestan Province Fisheries Directorate, Deputy Directorate of Fisheries and Fishing Ports, Gorgan, Iran اداره کل شیلات استان گلستان R. Shirazi رضا شیرازی shirazi1351@gmail.com 100319475328460040959 100319475328460040959 No Golestan Province Fisheries Directorate, Deputy Directorate of Fisheries and Fishing Ports, Gorgan, Iran اداره کل شیلات استان گلستان