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مقاله علمی – پژوهشی:‌ مطالعه فعالیت ضد ویروسی پپتیدهای زیست‌‌فعال مستخرج از خیار دریایی سیاه (Holothuria leucospilota) علیه ویروس‌‌های Herpes simplex (نوع 1 و 2)، Chikungunya و Dengue Study of the antiviral activity of bioactive peptides extracted from black sea cucumber (Holothuria leucospilota) against Herpes simplex (types 1 and 2), Chikungunya, and Dengue viruses 1 1 با توجه به وجود نگرانی‌‌ها در زمینه استفاده از ترکیبات ضد ویروسی صناعی یا شیمیایی در صنایع داروسازی، توجه به منابعی با منشأ طبیعی دارای فعالیت ضد ویروسی، ضروری به‌نظر می‌‌رسد. خیارهای دریایی یکی از این منابع هستند که خواص فیزیولوژیک متعدد آنها در جوامع علمی مورد بحث است. هدف تحقیق حاضر نیز تولید پپتیدهای زیست‌‌‌‌فعال از Holothuria leucospilota با استفاده از دو آنزیم میکروبی آلکالاز و فلاورزایم و ارزیابی فعالیت ضد ویروسی آنها علیه ویروس‌‌های Herpes simplex (نوع 1 و 2)، Chikungunya و Dengue بود. نتایج نشان داد، بافت خیار دریایی دارای حدود 13 درصد پروتئین است که این رقم در پودر‌‌های آبکافتی حاصل به بیش از 67 درصد رسید. میزان پروتئین و درجه آبکافت در پودر آبکافتی تولیدی با استفاده از آنزیم آلکالاز (به‌ترتیب 16/0±58/71 و 3/0±37/48 درصد) بیشتر از پودر تولیدی با فلاورزایم (به‌ترتیب 26/0±88/67 و 6/0±42/41 درصد) بود (05/0>p). در ادامه مشخص شد، هر دو نوع پپتید تولیدی در هر دو غلظت 4 و 5 میلی‌‌گرم بر میلی‌‌لیتر دارای خواص ضد ویروسی هستند. در این تحقیق، نوع آنزیم مصرفی جهت تولید پپتیدهای زیست‌‌فعال و غلظت پپتیدها بر فعالیت ضد ویروسی آنها اثر معنی‌‌داری داشت. پپتیدهای تولیدی با استفاده از آنزیم آلکالاز به صورت معنی‌‌داری فعالیت ضد ویروسی بیشتری علیه ویروس‌‌های مورد مطالعه داشتند، ضمن این‌که افزایش غلظت پپتیدها از 4 به 5 میلی‌‌گرم بر میلی‌لیتر منجر به افزایش معنی‌‌دار فعالیت ضد ویروسی آنها نیز گردید (05/0>p). در بین ویروس‌‌های مورد بررسی، Herpes simplex (نوع 1) و ویروس Dengue به‌ترتیب مقاوم‌‌ترین و حساس‌‌ترین ویروس‌‌ها بودند (05/0>p). بنابر نتایج تحقیق حاضر، پپتیدهای زیست‌‌فعال استخراجی از خیار دریایی دارای پتانسیل استفاده در صنایع داروسازی به عنوان یک ترکیب ضد ویروس با منشا طبیعی هستند، ولی با وجود این انجام آزمایش‌های تکمیلی به منظور ارزیابی اثرات سمیت احتمالی آنها ضروری است. 2 Given the concerns regarding the use of synthetic antiviral compounds in the pharmaceutical industry, it seems necessary to pay attention to natural sources with antiviral activity. Sea cucumbers are one of these sources that numerous physiological properties are discussed in the scientific community. The present study aimed to produce bioactive peptides from Holothuria leucospilota using two microbial enzymes, alcalase and flavourzyme, and to evaluate their antiviral activity against Herpes simplex types 1 and 2, Chikungunya, and Dengue viruses. The results showed that the whole body of the sea cucumber has about 13% protein, which this amount reached more than 67% in the resulting hydrolyzed powders. The amount of protein, as well as the degree of hydrolysis in the hydrolyzed protein using alcalase enzyme (71.58±0.16 and 48.37±0.3%, respectively) was higher than the powder produced with flavourzyme (67.88±0.26 and 41.42±0.6%, respectively) (p<0.05). It was further found that both types of peptides produced at both concentrations of 4 and 5 mg/ml have antiviral properties. In this study, the type of enzyme used to produce bioactive peptides and also the concentration of peptides had a significant effect on their antiviral activity (p<0.05). The peptides produced using alcalase enzyme had significantly more antiviral activity against the studied viruses, while increasing the concentration of peptides from 4 to 5 mg/ml led to a significant increase in the antiviral activity (p<0.05). Among the studied viruses, Herpes type 1 and Dengue virus were the most resistant and susceptible viruses, respectively (p<0.05). According to the results of the present study, bioactive peptides extracted from the sea cucumber have the potential to be used in the pharmaceutical industry as a natural antiviral compound, however, it is necessary to carry out additional tests to evaluate their possible toxicity effects. 1 13 2022/07/31 1401/5/9 2023/11/1 1402/8/10 رضا صفری Reza Safari 1- پژوهشکده اکولوژی دریای خزر، مؤسسه تحقیقات علوم شیلاتی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، ساری، ایران Iran safari1351@gmail.com زهرا یعقوب زاده Zahra Yaghoubzadeh 1- پژوهشکده اکولوژی دریای خزر، مؤسسه تحقیقات علوم شیلاتی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، ساری، ایران Iran za_yaghoub@yahoo.com هادی غفاری Hadi Ghaffari مؤسسه تحقیقات علوم شیلاتی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران Iran hadi.ghafarii@gmail.com سهیل ریحانی پول Soheyl Reyhani Poul گروه فراوری محصولات شیلاتی، دانشکده شیلات و محیط زیست، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران Iran soheylreyhani@gmail.com Sea cucumber Alcalase Flavorzym Bioactive peptides Antiviral activity Herpes viruses خیار دریایی آلکالاز فلاورزایم پپتیدهای زیست‌‌فعال فعالیت ضد ویروسی ویروس‌‌هایHerpes ##Abuei, A., Jafarpour, A. and Motamedzadegan, A., 2016. 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مقاله علمی – پژوهشی:‌ مطالعه عملکرد رشد، پروتئین و رنگدانه‌های ریزجلبک اسپیرولینا (Arthrospira sp.) با استفاده از محیط کشت‌های ارزان قیمت Study of growth performance, protein, and pigments in Spirulina (Arthrospira sp.) using low-cost culture media 1 1 مهم‌ترین محدودیت تولید انبوه ریزجلبک اسپیرولینا در جهان قیمت بالای محیط کشت آن است. مطالعه حاضر با هدف ارزیابی محیط‌‌های کشت مبتنی بر مواد شیمیایی و کودهای تجاری و مقایسه ویژگی‌‌های رشد، ترکیبات رنگدانه‌‌ها و میزان پروتئین جلبک اسپیرولینا تولید شده در مقایسه با محیط کشت زاروک انجام گرفت. برای تامین نیازهای غذایی گونه جلبک اسپیرولینا از کودهای شیمیایی ارزان‌قیمت در قالب 18 تیمار و سه تکرار استفاده گردید. در تمام تیمارها از جوش شیرین تجاری به مقدار 8/16 گرم در لیتر، نمک دریا به مقدار 5/0 گرم بر لیتر و کود مایع تجاری (پتاسیم: فسفر، 20:20) برای تامین نیاز فسفر و پتاسیم جلبک استفاده گردید. برای تامین نیتروژن در تیمارها از سه منبع نیترات سدیم، اوره و ترکیب 50:50 از هر دو استفاده شد. در هر سه گروه از 6 ماده در قالب 6 تیمار (شاهد، پتاسیم، آهن، ترکیبی از پتاسیم و آهن، منیزیم و ریز مغذی‌ها) استفاده گردید. براساس نتایج، میزان رشد جلبک اسپیرولینا تا روز بیستم در گروه شاهد (محیط کشت زاروک) بیشتر از بقیه تیمارها بود اما بعد از روز بیستم تیمار حاوی نیترات سدیم- منیزیم (N-Mg) نرخ رشد بالاتری را نسبت به گروه شاهد نشان داد. همچنین بالاترین نرخ رشد ویژه و تراکم جلبکی و کمترین زمان دو برابر شدن در تیمار حاوی منبع نیترات سدیم اندازه‌‌گیری گردید. بالاترین تراکم جلبکی و نرخ رشد ویژه به طور معنی‌‌داری (05/0>p) در تیمارهای نیترات سدیم- منیزیم (N-Mg) و نیترات سدیم-ریزمغذی‌‌ها (N-Mic) مشاهده گردید که تفاوت معنی‌‌داری با گروه شاهد (محیط کشت زاروک) نداشتند. در تیمار نیترات سدیم-ریزمغذی‌‌ها (N-Mic) به‌‌طور معنی‌‌داری حداکثر کلروفیل a، کلروفیل b و رنگدانه کل به‌دست آمد (05/0>p). بیشترین میزان پروتئین در گروه ترکیبی نیترات سدیم - اوره با منبع آهن و پتاسیم به‌دست آمد. در جمع‌‌بندی، بالاترین میزان رشد و بیشترین تراکم سلولی در محیط کشت حاوی نیترات سدیم به‌‌دست آمد که قابل مقایسه با تیمار حاوی محیط کشت زاروک بود که می‌‌توان در مقیاس تجاری از آن استفاده کرد. 2 The most important limitation of the mass production of Spirulina microalgae in the world is the high cost of its culture medium. The present study was carried out with the aim of evaluating the cultivation mediums based on chemicals and commercial fertilizers and comparing the growth  characteristics, pigments, and the amount of protein in the produced spirulina in comparison with the Zarrouk’s medium. In order to meet the nutritional needs of Spirulina species, low-cost fertilizers were used in the form of 18 treatments and three replications. In all treatments, commercial sodium bicarbonate at 16.8 g/L, sea salt at 0.5 g/L, and the commercial liquid fertilizer (K:P, 20:20) were used to meet the phosphorus and potassium needs of the microalgae. To supply nitrogen in the treatments, three sources of sodium nitrate, urea, and a 50:50 combination of both were used. In all three groups, 6 substances were used in the form of 6 treatments (control, potassium, iron, a combination of potassium and iron, magnesium, and micronutrients). According to the results, the growth of Spirulina was higher in the control group (Zarrouk’s medium) than other treatments until the 20th day, but after that, the sodium nitrate -magnesium (N-Mg) treatment showed a higher growth rate than the control group. Also, the highest specific growth rate, cell density of algae, and the lowest doubling time were measured in the treatment containing sodium nitrate source. The highest algal cell density and specific growth rate were significantly (p<0.05) observed in sodium nitrate-magnesium (N-Mg) and sodium nitrate-micronutrients (N-Mic) treatments, which were significantly different from the control group (Zarrouk’s medium). The maximum chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and total pigment were obtained significantly in sodium nitrate-micronutrients (N-Mic) treatment (p<0.05). The highest amount of protein was obtained in the combined sodium nitrate-urea group with iron and potassium sources. 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مقاله علمی – پژوهشی:‌ مطالعه کیفیت آب و عملکرد رشد ماهی کپور معمولی (Cyprinus carpio) در سیستم آکواپونیک با تراکم‌های مختلف گیاه کاهو (Lactuca sativa) Study of water quality and growth performance of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) in an aquaponic system with different densities of lettuce (Lactuca sativa) 1 1 سیستم‌ آکواپونیک که ترکیبی از آبزی‌پروری بازگردشی و کشت هیدروپونیک گیاه هستند، منطبق با اهداف توسعه پایدار در صنعت آبزی‌پروری است. این آزمایش در قالب یک طرح کاملاً تصادفی با پنج تیمار آزمایشی و هر تیمار با سه تکرار انجام شد که شامل گروه شاهد: 30 عدد ماهی کپور (Cyprinus carpio) در یک مخزن 300 لیتری (بدون گیاه کاهو)، تیمار A1: 10 عدد کاهو (Lactuca sativa) در متر مربع (بدون ماهی) همراه با کود مایع، تیمار A2: 30 عدد گیاه کاهو در متر مربع (بدون ماهی) همراه با کود مایع، تیمار A3: 10 عدد کاهو در مترمربع و 30 عدد ماهی و تیمار A4: 30 عدد کاهو در متر مربع و 30 عدد ماهی برای 60 روز بود. میانگین وزنی بچه ماهیان (23/1± 18/50 گرم) و بوته کاهو (49/1 ±32/10 گرم) در شروع آزمایش در گروه‌های آزمایشی یکسان بود. میزان اکسیژن محلول در تمامی تیمارهای آزمایشی نسبت به گروه شاهد (18/1±76/ 5 میلی گرم در لیتر) به‌‌ طور معنی‌‌داری بیشتر و در تیمار A2 در بالاترین میزان (24/1±80/6 میلی گرم در لیتر) بود (05/0p<). در پایان آزمایش، میانگین جامدات معلق کل (84/60±8/ 1245 میلی‌گرم در لیتر)، قلیائیت (7/15 ± 64/133 میلی‌گرم در لیتر)، نیتریت (04/0±18/0 میلی‌گرم در لیتر) و نیترات (15/2±40/62 میلی‌گرم در لیتر) در گروه شاهد به‌طور معنی‌داری بیشتر بود (05/0p<) و در تیمار A2 کمترین مقادیر دیده شد. اختلاف آماری معنی‌داری در خصوص عملکرد رشد و تغذیه ماهیان بین تیمارهای آزمایشی با گروه شاهد وجود نداشت (05/0p>). این درحالی بود که طول و وزن نهایی بوته و نرخ رشد نسبی کاهو تفاوت معنی‌داری را بین تیمارهای آزمایشی نسبت به گروه شاهد نشان داد (05/0p<) و بیشترین میزان شاخص‌های مذکور در تیمار A4 ثبت شد. در مجموع، نتایج این آزمایش نشان داد که درسیستم آکواپونیک حاوی ماهی کپور با با تراکم 100 عدد در متر مکعب و تراکم 30 بوته کاهو در مترمربع، منجر به بهبود بهره‌وری تولید ماهی کپور و کاهو همراه با کیفیت مناسب آب می‌گردد. 2 Aquaponic system, which is a combination of recycling aquaculture and hydroponic plant cultivation, is consistent with the goals of sustainable development in the aquaculture industry. This experiment was conducted in the form of a completely randomized design with five experimental treatments and each treatment with three replications, which includes the control group: 30 carp (Cyprinus carpio) in a 300-liter tank (without lettuce), A1: 10 lettuce (Lactuca sativa) per m2 (without fish) along with liquid fertilizer, A2: 30 lettuce plants per m2 (without fish) along with liquid fertilizer, A3: 10 lettuce per m2 and 30 fish, and A4: 30 lettuce per m2 along with 30 fish for 60 days. The average weight of the fry fish (50.18 ± 1.23 g) and lettuce plant (10.32 ± 1.49 g) at the beginning of the experiment was the same in the experimental groups. The amount of dissolved oxygen in all experimental treatments was significantly higher than the control group (5.76±1.18 mg/liter) and the highest leve was obtained in A2 treatment (6.80±1.24 mg/liter) (p<0.05). At the end of the experiment, the average total suspended solids (1245.8±60.84 mg/liter), alkalinity (133.64±15.7 mg/liter), nitrite (0.18±0.04 mg/liter), and nitrate (62.40±2.15 mg/liter) were significantly higher in the control group (p<0.05) and the lowest values were seen in A2 treatment. There was no statistically significant difference regarding the performance of growth and feed utilization of the fish between the experimental treatments and the control group (p>0.05). However, the length and final weight of the plant and the relative growth rate of lettuce showed a significant difference between the experimental treatments and the control group (p<0.05) and the highest amount of the mentioned indicators was recorded in A4 treatment. 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مقاله علمی – پژوهشی:‌ تاثیر مکانیزاسیون بر سطوح مختلف امنیت زیستی در برخی از مزارع دومنظوره پرورش ماهی قزل‌آلای رنگین‌کمان در استان مرکزی Effect of mechanization on different levels of biosecurity in some rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) farms in Markazi Province 1 1 در این تحقیق 30 مزرعه از پنج شهرستان استان مرکزی مورد ارزیابی و ممیزی امنیت زیستی قرارگرفت. فرم‌های بررسی گذرگاه‌های خطر، تجهیزات مکانیزاسیون به‌کار رفته در مزرعه و ممیزی امنیت زیستی (استاندارد سازمان دامپزشکی کشور)، برای هر مزرعه تکمیل گردید. ارتباط مکانیزاسیون و سطح امنیت زیستی با استفاده از آنالیز همبستگی و برای ارزیابی احتمال خطر از مدل نیمه کمی استفاده شد. نتایج حاصل از این بررسی نشان‌دهنده بیشینه احتمال خطر با شاخص عددی 40/0 برای مزارع دو منظوره کشاورزی اراک و فراهان و بیشینه میانگین احتمال خطر (±خطای استاندارد) با 022/0±205/0 در شهرستان فراهان و کمینه احتمال خطر با شاخص عددی 03/0 برای اراک و شازند و کمینه میانگین عددی احتمال خطر (±خطای استاندارد) با 016/0±15/0 در مزارع پرورش ماهی قزل‌‌آلای رنگین‌‌کمان شازند به‌دست آمد. متوسط احتمال خطر در سطح کل مزارع منتخب شهرستان‌های معین مورد مطالعه استان مرکزی 009/±18/0 محاسبه گردیدکه نشان‌دهنده قرارگرفتن تمامی مزارع منتخب مورد مطالعه در رده خطر احتمالی متوسط (سطح B) بود. جهت آزمون رابطه دو متغیر احتمال خطر و درجه مکانیزاسیون از آزمون همبستگی ‌‌پیرسون استفاده شد. بین میزان احتمال خطر و درجه مکانیزاسیون، همبستگی معنی‌‌ دار مشاهده نشد (41/0P =، 30 n= و 34/0r =). در نتیجه، از جنبه آماری مشخص شد متغیرهای احتمال خطر و درجه مکانیزاسیون با یکدیگر رابطه ندارند. این مؤلفه برای ظرفیت تولید و سطح مکانیزاسیون نیز صادق بود. نتایج به‌دست آمده نشان دادکه به دلیل ضعف تجهیزات امنیت زیستی در مکانیزه کردن مزارع دومنظوره کشاورزی پرورش ماهی قزل‌‌آلای رنگین‌‌کمان در استان مرکزی افزایش خطر در برخی از این مزارع را تا حد قرارگرفتن احتمال خطر بالا (سطح (C قرار داده است که با تمهیدات لازم و استقرار برنامه‌های امنیت زیستی، به‌سهولت می‌توان باعث کاهش معنی‌دار خطر در این مزارع شد. 2 In this research, 30 farms from five cities of Markazi province were assessed and biosecurity audited. The forms for examining danger crossings, mechanization equipment used on the farm, and biosecurity audit (standard of the country's veterinary organization) were completed for each farm. The relationship between mechanization and the level of biosecurity was done using correlation analysis and a semi-quantitative model was used to assess the probability of risk. The obtained results showed the maximum probability of risk with a numerical index of 0.40 for the trout farms of Arak and Farahan and the maximum mean probability of risk (± standard error) with 0.205±0.022 in Farahan city and the minimum probability of risk with a numerical index of 0.03 for Arak and Shazand, the mean of risk probability (± standard error) was obtained with 0.15±0.016 in the trout rearing farms in Shazand. The mean probability of risk at the level of all the selected farms of certain studied cities of Markazi province was calculated as 18.009 ± 0.009, which indicated that all the selected farms studied were in the category of medium possible risk (level B). In order to test the relationship between two variables, the probability of risk and the degree of mechanization from Pearson's correlation test were used. No significant correlation was observed between the probability of risk and the degree of mechanization (P = 0.41, n = 30, and r = 34). As a result, from the statistical point of view, it was determined that the variables of risk probability and the degree of mechanization were not related to each other. This component was also similar for production capacity and mechanization level. The obtained results showed that due to the weakness of biosecurity equipment in the mechanization of dual-purposed agricultural farms for fish farming in the Markazi province, the risk in some of these farms has increased to the level of being placed at probability of high risk (level C), which can easily reduce the risk in these farms significantly by taking necessary measures and establishing biosecurity plans. 51 63 2022/07/312021/07/262023/08/272023/02/12 1401/11/23 2023/11/12023/11/12023/10/312023/11/1 1402/8/10 علی نکوئی فرد ALI NEKOUEIFARD مرکز تحقیقات آرتمیای کشور Iran dr.nekuiefard@gmail.com محمود حافظیه Mahmoud Hafezieh موسسه تحقیقات علوم شیلاتی کشور Iran jhafezieh@yahoo.com مسعود صیدگر masoud seidgar مرکز تحقیقات آرتمیای کشور Iran seidgar21007@yahoo.com کامیار غرا kamyar ghara موسسه تحقیقات علوم شیلاتی کشور Iran onlykamyar@yahoo.com ابوالفضل سپهداری abolfazl sepahdari موسسه تحقیقات علوم شیلاتی کشور Iran asepahdari@yahoo.com کاظم عبدی kazem abdy دامپزشکی کشور Iran kazemabdy@yahoo.com Mechanization Dual-purposed agricultural farms Rainbow trout Biosecurity Possible Risk Markazi Province مکانیزاسیون مزارع دومنظوره کشاورزی قزل‌‌آلای رنگین‌‌کمان امنیت زیستی خطر احتمالی استان مرکزی Abdy, K., 2019. Biosecurity in aquaculture. First edition, Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute. 328 P. [In Persian]##Delabbio, J.L., 2003. An assessment of biosecurity utilization in the recirculation sector of finfish aquaculture in the United States and Canada. Aquaculture, 242. 165-179.10.1016.DOI:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2004.03.005##Gharra, K., Hafezieh, M., Nekoueifard, A. and Seidgar, M., 2023. Evaluating the level of mechanization in the selected dual-purpose farms of Central Province. Iranian Scientific Fisheries Journal. 23(2):107-117. DOI:10.22092/ISFJ.2023.129477. [In Persian].##Ghiasi, M., Zorrei Zahra, S.J., Bahonar, A.R., Pourgholam, R., Farabi, S.M.V., Binaei, M. and Saeedi, A.A., 2013. Health management evaluation of rainbow trout culture farms in Mazandaran province, New Technologies in Aquaculture Development. Fisheries, (27):119-127. DOI:20.1001.1.10261354.1400.30.6.3.8 [In Persian]. ##Kalai, A., 2014. Determining, calculating and analyzing productivity indicators in the production of cold-water aquaculture in Mazandaran province. Ministry of Jihad Agricultural, Planning Research, Agricultural Economy and Rural Development Institute, 63 P.##Lee, C. S., Scarfe, A. D., & O'Bryen, P. J. 2008. Aquaculture biosecurity: prevention, control, and eradication of aquatic animal disease. John Wiley & Sons.##Lee, C.S., 2010. Introduced species and aquaculture. Bulletin of Fisheries Research Agency, 29:69-78.##Nekuiefard, A., Manaffar, R., Motallebi Moghanjooei, A.A., and Sharifian, M., 2012. Evaluation of some biofilter substrates in freshwater recirculation system. Iranian Scientific Fisheries Journal, 21(3):129-136. DOI:10.22092/ISFJ.2017.110078. [In Persian] ##Nekuiefard A, Hossainzadeh Sahhafi H, Motalebi A, Dashtiannassab A, Azadikhah D. and Mostafazadeh B., 2013. Effect of reused water on growth index and survival rate of the Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). 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The prospect of self-sufficiency and stopping the importation of "spawned eggs" of rainbow trout with genetic ID and free of specific pathogenic factors (SPF). TAT Reflection, 1(1):26-27. [In Persian]##SPSS, I. 2009. PASW Statistics 18. Chicago, IL: SPSS Inc.##Yazdani S, Rafiee, H. and Ramazani M., 2020. Evaluation of Total Factor Productivity and Efficiency of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Marine Cage Farms in the Mazandaran Province. Journal of Aquaculture Development, 13(4): 123-134.DOR:20.1001.1.23223545.1398.13.4.4.1. [In Persian]##Sánchez O, I., Sanguino O, W., Gómez C, A., García C.R., 2014. Evaluation of a rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) culture water recirculating system. Revista MVZ Córdoba, 19(3), 4226–4241. DOI: .org/10.21897/rmvz.85 .##Zorrieh Zahra, S.J., Kakoolaki, S., Adel, M., Amirikar, M., Behboudi, N., Motallebi, A.A., Azadikhah, D., Nekuie Fard, A. and Yavari, H., 2016. 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مقاله علمی – پژوهشی:‌ تشکیل بانک اسپرم مولدین قزل‌آلای رنگین‌کمان (Onchorhynchus mykiss) مزارع منتخب عاری از بیماری خاص (SPF) از طریق انجماد Establishment a sperm bank of rainbow trout (Onchorhynchus mykiss) breeding from selected farms specific pathogen-free (SPF) in the country through cryopreservation 1 1 با مولدسازی ماهی قزل‌‌آلای رنگین‌‌کمان (Onchorhynchus mykiss) عاری از بیماری خاص (SPF) در کشور و تکثیر آنها،‌ لزوم ایجاد بانک اسپرم از مولدین مورد نظر ضروری به‌نظر رسید. در این تحقیق، پس از بررسی کارایی چهار رقیق‌‌کننده تعریف شده برای انجماد اسپرم قزل‌‌آلا، مناسب‌‌ترین رقیق‌‌کننده (سوکروز 6/0 مولار و DMSO 8 درصد) انتخاب شد. نمونه‌‌های اسپرم استحصالی از 24 مولد، شامل چهار مولد از هر یک از مزارع منتخب عاری از بیماری خاص سطح کشور در استان‌های مازندران و آذربایجان غربی (سرشار، معروفی، فخاری، حدیدی، ملکی‌‌تبار و قربانی) پس از ارزیابی کیفی، منجمد گردیدند. آزمایش لقاح نمونه اسپرم‌‌ها در روز نمونه‌برداری و مقایسه درصد لقاح آنها با اسپرم‌‌های منجمد در سه بازه زمانی (۴، 24 و 48 ساعت) نیز تغییر معنی‌‌داری بین اسپرم گروه شاهد و نمونه‌‌های انجمادزدایی شده نشان نداد. نتایج مشخص نمود که از شیوه به‌‌کار رفته در این تحقیق، می‌‌توان در انجماد و نگهداری اسپرم مولدین قزل‌‌آلای رنگین‌‌کمان SPF به‌خوبی استفاده نمود و در صورت نیاز، ‌اسپرم‌‌های حاصل از بهترین مولدین را با این شیوه به سایر مراکز انتقال داد. 2 By broodstocking and propagating of specific pathogen-free (SPF) rainbow trout in Iran, the need to create a cryopreserved sperm bank from the breeders was deemed necessary. In this study, after evaluation of four different extenders for rainbow trout sperm cryopreservation, the best extender (0.6M sucrose and 8% DMSO) has been selected. The sperm samples were obtained from 24 breeders, including four breeders from each of the selected specific pathogen-free farms of the country in Mazandaran and West Azerbaijan provinces (Sarshar, Maroufi, Fakhari, Hadidi, Malekitabar, and Qorbani) were cryopreserved after qualitative evaluation. The fertilization test of sperm samples on the day of sampling and comparison of their fertilization percentage with frozen-thawed sperms in three time intervals (4, 24 and 48 hours) did not show any significant differences between the sperm of the control group and the frozen-thawed samples. The results indicated that the method used in this research can be well used in cryopreservation the sperm of SPF rainbow trout breeders and if needed, the sperm obtained from the best breeders can be transferred to other centers with this method. 65 74 2022/07/312021/07/262023/08/272023/02/122023/10/28 1402/8/6 2023/11/12023/11/12023/10/312023/11/12023/11/1 1402/8/10 محمد حسن زاده صابر Mohammad Hassanzadeh Saber انستیتو تحقیقات بین‌المللی ماهیان خاویاری، مؤسسه تحقیقات علوم شیلاتی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج جهاد کشاورزی، رشت، ایران. Iran saber.merag@gmail.com Sperm cryopreservation Sperm bank Oncorhynchus mykiss Fertilization انجماد اسپرم بانک اسپرم Oncorhynchus mykiss لقاح SPF Adeli, A. and Baghaei, F., 2013. Production and supply of rainbow trout in Iran and the world. World Journal of Fish and Marine Sciences, 5:335-341. DOI:10.5829/idosi.wjfms.2013.05.03.72133.##Babiak, I., Glogowski, J., Goryczko, K., Dobosz, S., Kuzminski, H., Strzezek, J. and Demianowicz, W., 2001. Effect of extender composition and equilibration time on fertilization ability and enzymatic activity of rainbow trout cryopreserved spermatozoa. Theriogenology, 56(1):177-92. DOI:10.1016/s0093-691x(01)00553-2. ##Baradaran Noveiri, S. and Hassanzadeh Saber, M., 2018. Methods of sperm quality assessment in fish. Journal of Aquaculture development, 12(3):15-29. ##Baradaran Noveiri, S., Pourkazemi, M., Kouchinian, P. and Yavari, V., 2002. The effects of crypreservation on movement patterns of carp (Cyprinus carpio) spermatozoa. Pajouhesh & Sazandegi, 55:6-10. [In Persian]##Baradaran Noveiri, S., Rezvani, S., Zoriehzahra, S. J., Sayyad Bourani, M., Alipour, A., Nowruzfashkhami, M. R., Najjar Lashgari, S., Bahramian, B. and Zabihi, M., 2013. Estabilishment of sperm bank of Caspian salmon broods. Iranian Fisheries Research Organization. Final report of project. 31 P. [In Persian]##Billard, R., Cosson, J., Noveiri, S.B. and Pourkazemi, M., 2004. Cryopreservation and short –term storage of sturgeon sperm, A review. Aquaculture, 236: 1-9. DOI: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2003.10.029## Blaxter, J.H.S., 1953. Sperm storage and cross-fertilization of Spring and Autumn spawning herring. Nature, 172:1189–1190.##Blesbois, E. and Labbe, C., 2003. Main improvements in semen and embryo cryopreservation for fish and fowl. In: Workshop on cryopreservation of animal genetic resource in Europe (eds) Planchenault D., Paris, pp. 55-56.##Bozkurt, Y. and Secer, S., 2006. Relationship between spermatozoa motility, egg size, fecundity and fertilization success in brown trout (Salmo trutta fario). Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 9(11):2141-2144. DOI:10.3923/pjbs.2006.2141.2144.##Bozkurt, Y., 2006. The Relationship between body condition, sperm quality parameters and fertilization success in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances, 5(4):284-288. DOI: javaa.2006.284.288.## ## Cabrita, E., Sarasquete, C., Martinez-Páramo, S., Robles, V., Beirão, J., Pérez-Cerezales, S. and Herráez, P., 2010. Cryopreservation of fish sperm: application and perspectives. Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 26: 623-635. DOI: 10.1111/J.1439-0426.2010.01556.X.##Ciereszko, A., Dietrich G.J., Nynca, J., Dobosz, S. and Zalewski, T., 2014. Cryopreservation of rainbow trout semen using a glucose-methanol extender. Aquaculture, 420-421:275-281. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2013.11.014.##FAO, 2018. Review of the state of world fishery resources: inland fisheries, Circular No. C942 Rev.3, Rome. 397 P.##Horváth, A., Urbányi, B., Wang, C., Onders, R.J. and Mims, S.D., 2010. Cryopreservation of paddlefish sperm in 5-mL straws. Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 26:715–719. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0426.2010.01551.x.##Judycka, S., Nynca, J., Liszewska, E., Dobosz, S., Slowinska, M., Rozynski, R. and Ciereszko, A., 2018. Cryopreserved rainbow trout semen can be used for the fertilization of up to 8000 eggs in a single application. Aquaculture, 490:25-28. DOI:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2018.02.026.##Kalbasi, M. R. and Lorestani, R., 2006. The effect of different diluents on the motility duration of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) sperm. Journal of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, 13(6):132-143. [In Persian]##Kutluyer, F., Kayim, M., Öğretmen, F., Büyükleblebici, S. and Tuncer, P.B., 2014. Cryopreservation of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss spermatozoa: effects of extender supplemented with different antioxidants on sperm motility, velocity and fertility. Cryobilogy, 69:462-466. DOI:10.1016/j.cryobiol.2014.10.005. ## Labbe, C., Martoriati, A., Devaux, A. and Maisse, G., 2001. Effects of cryopreservation on sperm DNA stability and progeny development in rainbow trout. Molecular Reproduction and Development, 60 (3):394-404. 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مقاله علمی – پژوهشی:‌ فراوانی و شدت آلودگی Portunus segnis Forskål, 1775 (Decapoda, Portunidae) به همزیست‌های پریاخته در سواحل بندرعباس استان هرمزگان Prevalence and intensity of Portunus segnis Forskål, 1775 (Decapoda, Portunidae) infestation to metazoan symbionts on Band Abbas cost, Hormozgan province 1 1 هدف از این مطالعه بررسی آلودگی Portunus segnis به موجودات همزیست، تعیین فراوانی، درصد فراوانی و شدت آلودگی به آنهاست. در مجموع، 86 خرچنگ آبی شناگر طی دو فصل تابستان و پاییز 1396 از سواحل بندرعباس جمع‌‌آوری گردید. مجموعاً تعداد 473 همزیست شامل Lepas anserifera، Chelonibia testudinaria، Philometra sp.، Microstella norvegica، دو گونه شناسایی نشده از cyclopoida، گونه‌‌های شناسایی نشده Ostracoda و Bivalvia به‌ترتیب با فراوانی 59/66، 47/1، 53/13، 91/5 و 47/12 درصد از این میزبان جداسازی شدند. به‌جز گونه C. testudinaria، سایر گونه‌‌ها برای اولین بار از P. segnis و خلیج فارس گزارش می‌‌شوند. شدت آلودگی در دو جنس نر و ماده تفاوت معنی‌‌داری نشان نداد. بنابراین، می‌‌توان نتیجه گرفت که فراوانی همزیست‌ها در خرچنگ آبی شناگر از عامل جنسیت تأثیر نمی‌پذیرد. شدت آلودگی در فصل پاییز حدود چهار برابر فصل تابستان (به‌ترتیب 21 و 84/5) بود. علت این اختلاف احتمالاً شرایط مناسب برای حضور همزیست‌‌ها و اندازه بزرگتر میزبان در فصل معتدل نسبت به فصل گرم است. شدت آلودگی در کلاسه عرضی 2 تقریباً چهار برابر کلاسه 1 بود که نشان می‌دهد، تفاوت در اندازه، اثر مستقیم و مثبتی بر فراوانی همزیست‌ها در P. segnis دارد. 2 The purpose of this study was to investigate the infestation of Portunus segnis with symbiotic organisms to determine the abundance, prevalence, and intensity of the infestation. A total of 86 blue swimming crabs were collected from Bandar Abbas coast during Summer and Autumn, 2018. Totally, 473 symbionts including Lepas anserifera, Chelonibia testudinaria, Philometra sp., Microstella norvegica, two unidentified species of order Cyclopoida, unidentified species of Ostracoda and Bivalvia were isolated. The prevalence of infection was 66.59, 1.47, 53, 13.5, 5.91, and 12.47%, respectively. Except for C. testudinaria, other taxa are reported for the first time in P. segnis and the Persian Gulf during this study. The intensity of infestation in both males and females did not show a significant difference, therefore, it can be concluded that this factor is not affected by gender in blue swimming crab. The intensity of infestation in autumn was approximately, four times more than summer (21 and 5.84, respectively). It is probably because of the suitable conditions and the larger size of the host in this season. Moreover, intensity of infestation in cluster 2 was almost four times more than in cluster 1, confirming the positive effect of size on the abundance of symbionts in P. segnis. 75 90 2022/07/312021/07/262023/08/272023/02/122023/10/282023/07/15 1402/4/24 2023/11/12023/11/12023/10/312023/11/12023/11/12023/11/1 1402/8/10 بهنام سلطان زاده ملکی Behnam Soltanzadeh Maleki دانشگاه شهید بهشتی Iran sotlanZadeh@yahoo.com جمیله پازوکی Jamileh Pazooki دانشگاه شهید بهشتی Iran pazooki2001@yahoo.com فاطمه نظری Fatemeh Nazari دانشگاه جیرفت Iran fateme.nazari@gmail.com Blue swimming crab Portunus segnis Persian Gulf Symbiont Parasite خرچنگ شناگر آبی Portunus segnis خلیج فارس همزیست انگل Abdi Bastami, A.A., Najafian M. and Hosseini M., 2012. The distribution of the barnacle epizoites, Chelonibita patula ## (Ranzani) on blue swimmer crab, Portunus pelagicus (Linnaeus, 1758). World Applied Sciences Journal, 20(2):236–240. 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مقاله علمی – پژوهشی:‌ تحلیل راهبردی توسعه کسب‌وکارهای آبزی‌‌پروری در پایین‌دست سد طالقان Strategic analysis of the development of aquaculture businesses in the downstream of Taleghan Dam 1 1 پژوهش حاضر با هدف شناسایی مناسب‌‌ترین راهبردهای توسعه کسب و کارهای آبزی‌‌پروری در پایین‌دست سد طالقان استان البرز از طریق ارزیابی محیط داخلی و خارجی توسعه این کسب و کارها در سال 1400 انجام شد. جامعه آماری این مطالعه بهره‌‌برداران مزارع پرورش ماهی در منطقه مورد مطالعه به تعداد 15 نفر بود که به صورت تمام‌‌شماری مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. ابزار اصلی گردآوری اطلاعات در این تحقیق پرسشنامه بود. روایی ظاهری و محتوایی پرسشنامه توسط افراد صاحب‌نظر در زمینه شیلات و ترویج کشاورزی مورد بررسی و در نهایت تایید شد. داده‌‌ها با استفاده از روش SWOT مورد تحلیل قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که در فضای درونی توسعه تولید و پرورش آبزیان، مهم‌ترین نقاط قوت آبزی‌‌پروری در پایین‌دست سد طالقان شامل: تولید محصول با کیفیت بالا، و توپوگرافی و شیب مناسب زمین برای احداث مزارع، بود. از سویی، هزینه بالای آب بهاء و برق مزارع و قدیمی بودن فناوری‌‌ها و تجهیزات مورد استفاده در این مزارع از مهم‌ترین نقاط ضعف بود. بررسی فضای بیرونی توسعه پرورش و تولید آبزیان نشان داد که مهم‌ترین تهدیدهای این صنعت شامل بالا بودن هزینه نهاده‌‌های موجود در بازار آزاد و ناتوانی تأمین نهاده به‌ویژه به‌وسیله تولیدکنندگان خرد بود. از سویی، سازگاری بالای گونه‌‌های ماهی با شرایط آب و هوایی منطقه، پایین بودن سرانه مصرف فرآورده‌‌های آبزی و لزوم افزایش آن و بازار مناسب و در دسترس برای فروش تولیدات از مهم‌ترین فرصت‌‌های توسعه این صنعت در منطقه مورد مطالعه است. مقایسه فضای درونی و بیرونی توسعه کسب‌وکارهای آبزی‌‌پروری در پایین‌دست سد طالقان نشان داد که فضای محیط درونی و بیرونی به‌ترتیب با مجموع امتیازات موزون، 35/0 و 03/0 است. به عبارت دیگر، در محیط درونی، نقاط قوت و در محیط بیرونی، فرصت‌‌ها غالب هستند. نتایج ماتریس ارزیابی موقعیت و اقدام راهبردی نیز نشان داد که مناسب‌‌ترین راهبردهای توسعه صنعت آبزی‌‌پروی در زیر سد طالقان، در حوزه رقابتی قرار دارند. برخی از مهم‌ترین راهبردهای ارائه شده در این حوزه نیز شامل: برندسازی محصولات و ارسال به بازارهای پایتخت و بازارهای بین‌‌المللی، استفاده از ظرفیت بخش خصوصی و دولتی برای تأمین نهاده‌‌ها، دسترسی سریع بازار به محصولات شیلاتی، و آموزش تولیدکنندگان است. 2 The main purpose of this research was to identify the most appropriate strategies for the development of aquaculture businesses in the downstream of Taleghan dam in Alborz province through the evaluation of the internal and external environment of the development of these businesses in 2019. The statistical population of this study was 15 fish farm operators who work in the studied area and were investigated by census method. The main tool for collecting information in this research was a questionnaire. The face and content validity of the questionnaire was examined and finally confirmed by experts in the field of fisheries as well as agricultural extension. The data was analyzed using the SWOT method. The results showed that in the internal environment of the development of aquaculture production and rearing, the most important strengths of aquaculture in the downstream of Taleghan Dam were: high-quality product production and suitable topography and slope of the land for the construction of aquaculture farms. On the other hand, the high cost of water and electricity for the aquaculture farms and the old technologies and equipment used in these farms were among the most important weaknesses. Examining the external environment of aquaculture development and production showed that the most important threats to this industry were the high cost of inputs in the market and inability of producers, especially the small producers to afford them. On the other hand, the high adaptability of fish species to the climatic conditions of the region, the low per capita consumption of aquatic products and the need to increase it, and the suitable and available market for marketing products are among the most important opportunities for the development of this industry in the studied area. The comparison of the internal and external environment of the development of aquaculture businesses in the downstream of Taleghan Dam showed that the internal and external environment was with total weighted scores of 0.35 and 0.03, respectively. In other words, the strength points were dominant in the internal environment and the opportunities were dominant in the external environment. The results of the situation evaluation and strategic action matrix also showed that the most suitable strategies for the development of the aquaculture industry under the Taleghan Dam are in the competitive field. Some of the most important strategies presented in this area include branding products and sending them to capital markets and international markets, using the capacity of the private and public sectors to provide inputs, quick market access to fishery products, and training the producers. 91 106 2022/07/312021/07/262023/08/272023/02/122023/10/282023/07/152022/11/17 1401/8/26 2023/11/12023/11/12023/10/312023/11/12023/11/12023/11/12023/11/1 1402/8/10 سیدداود حاجی میررحیمی Seyed Davood Hajimirrahimi مرکز آموزش عالی امام خمینی(ره) Iran d.mirrahimi@areeo.ac.ir مریم محمودی Maryam Mahmoodi مؤسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر Iran m.mahmoudi@areeo.ac.ir شهرام دادگر Shahram Dadgar مؤسسه تحقیقات علوم شیلاتی Iran Shdadgar@ifro.ir Aquaculture Strategic analysis Economic-social solutions Taleghan Dam آبزی‌‌پروری تحلیل راهبردی راهکارهای اقتصادی- اجتماعی سد طالقان Ahmadnejad, M., Arafi, F., Hosseinjani, A., Bahmani, M. and Hafezieh, M., 2022. The application of SWOT-FAHP management analysis model in assessing the restoration process of white fish stocks (Rutilus kutum) in the Iranian waters of the Caspian Sea. Aquaculture Science Quarterly, 10(1):22-33. [In Persian] ##Asche, F., Guttormsen, A.G. and Nielsenc, R., 2013. Future challenges for the maturing Norwegian salmon aquaculture industry: An analysis of total factor productivity change from 1996 to 2008. Aquaculture, 396–399(1):43-50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2013.02.015##Dadgar, Sh., Jamshidi, O., Alipour, H., Bahmani, M., Hajimirrahimi, D., Hossein-Zadeh, H., Hafzieh, M., Alizadeh, N. and Nahavandi, R., 2022. Strategic analysis of the development of entrepreneurial ecosystem and start-up businesses in warm water fish area. Scientific Journal of Iranian Fisheries, 31(3):58-39. [In Persian]##Dayson, R.G., 2004. Strategic development and swot analysis at university of workwick. European Journal of Operational Research, 152:631-640.## Dehkordi, A. and Salmanpour, M., 2006. An introduction to strategic and operational planning. Development Strategy, No. 6, pp. 187-202. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22092/isfj.2022.127484. [In Persian]##Ebadzadeh, H., Ahmadi, K., Mohammadnia Afrozi, Sh., Abbas Taghani, R., Hosseinpour, R., Yari, Sh. and Kalantari, M., 2021. Agricultural statistics for the year 2019, Volume II, Tehran: Ministry of Jihad Agriculture. [In Persian]##FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations), 2022. The state of world fisheries and aquaculture 2022. Avaialable at 2 November 2022 from: https://www.fao.org/##Groenish, R. and Cohen, R., 2015. Strategic planning process. (Translator: Mohammad Hossein Bayrami). Tehran: World Economic Publishing House. First Edition. 401 P. http://www.alborzagri.ir/Default.aspx? Tabid=6733 &ModuleId=9386&id=26692##Jihad Agriculture Organization of Alborz Province, 2016. Production of more than 1500 tons of cold water fish in breeding ponds of Alborz. [In Persian] Available at: http://www.alborzagri.ir /Default .aspx? tabid= 6733 &ModuleId=9386&id=26692##Kalantari, Kh. 2002. Data processing and analysis in socio-economic research. Tehran: Sharif Publishing. [In Persian]##Kheiri, S., 2014. Strategies for the development of cold water fish breeding ponds from the point of view of breeders in rural areas of Zanjan. Rural Economy Research Journal, (2)1:55-68. [In Persian]##Khoshnodifar, Z., Ghanchi, M. and Shiri, N., 2019. Analysis of educational needs of salmon farmers in Arak city. Scientific Journal of Aquaculture Development, 14(2):54-39. DOR:20.1001.1.23223545.1399.14.2.5.5##Laghari, M.Y., 2018. Aquaculture in Pakistan: Challenges and opportunities. International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies, 6(2):56-59. ##Li, X., Li, J., Wang, Y., Fu, L., Fu, Y., Li, B. and Jiao, B., 2011. Aquaculture Industry in China: Current State, Challenges, and Outlook. Journal of Reviews in Fisheries Science, 19(3):187-200. DOI:10.1080/10641262.2011.573597##Metkan, A. A., Saidi, Kh. Shakiba, A. and Hosseini-Asal, A., 2019. Evaluation of land cover changes related to the construction of Taleghan Dam using remote sensing techniques. Applied Research Journal of Geographical Sciences, (19)16:64-45. https://jgs.khu.ac.ir/article-1-610-fa.html. [In Persian]##Mirahamdi, M., Rashidi, H. and Bagheri Kakli, A., 2021. Strategic planning of organizations (step-by-step training of strategic planning with SWOT and QSPM model). Tehran: Arshadhan publishing house. First Edition. 30 P. DOI:10.289392/iimofs.2019.1198318. [In Persian]##Mokhtari Abkenari, A., Chizari, M. and Salehi, H., 2006. Investigating the attitude of Iranian fisheries experts regarding sustainable aquaculture. Agricultural Extension and Education Sciences of Iran, 2(2):97-87. DOI:1.2823923545.1399.14.2.5.520.1001. [In Persian]##Munguti, J.M., Musa, S., Orina, P.S., Kyule, D.N., Opiyo, M.A., Charo-Karisa, H. and Ogello, E.P., 2014. An overview of current status of Kenyan fish feed industry and feed management practices, challenges and opportunities. International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies, 1(6):128-137. DOI:123923545.1399.14.2.5.520.1001.##Nassr-Alla, A., 2008. Egyptian aquaculture status, constraints and outlook. Worldfish centre, regional centre for Africa and West Asia, Egypt.##Olorunfemi, O.D., Adesiji, G.B., Oladipo, F.O., Adisa, R.S., Daudu, A.K. and Suweba, G., 2015. Determinants of Value Addition Initiatives Use by Fish Farmers in Kwara and Kogi States, North Central Nigeria. Science, Technology and Arts Research Journal, 4(2):316-323. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/star.v4i2.44. ##Pasonen, M., Kurttila, M., Kangas, J., Kajanus, M. and Heinonen, P., 2000. Assessing the priorities using SWOT among resource management strategies at the Finnish forest and park service. Forest Science, 47(4):534-541. DOI:10.27092/iulfs.2019.1198318.##Riston, N., 2008. Strategic Management. Neil Riston and Ventus Publishing APS, ISBN 978-87-7681-417-5. https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=mD9ZTTdI2TIC&oi=fnd&pg=PA17&dq=riston+n+2008+strategic+management&ots=p1Q3Vjp_bs&sig=K7vRM05mo7BuzB-4HwV8Ie3M-Mo#v=onepage&q&f=false##Samsampour, S., Shah Mansoori, A., Chiragali, M. and Sohrabi, T., 2018. Survey and analysis of innovation ecosystem of fisheries and aquaculture industry in Hormozgan province. Journal of Aquatic Ecology, 10(3): 82-99. DOI:20.1001.1.23222751.1399.10.3.9.9. [In Persian]##Shiri, N., Khoshnodifar, Z. and Soltanian, S., 2018. Factors affecting the success and development of the cellar fish breeding industry from the point of view of trout breeders in Fars province. Aquaculture Development (Life Sciences), 13(2):83-65. DOI:20.1001.1.23223545.1398.13.2.6.9. 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مقاله علمی – پژوهشی:‌ مطالعه کیفیت آب دریاچه سد دویرج با استفاده از شاخص‌های زیستی بر پایه ماکروبنتوزها Study of water quality of Doiraj Dam using bio-indicators based on macrobenthos 1 1 در این مطالعه باتوجه به اهمیت دریاچه سد دویرج که تأمین کننده بخش مهمی از آب کشاورزی زمین‌های دشت دهلران و موسیان است، ارزیابی کیفی آب دریاچه به منظور توسعه فعالیت‌های آبزی‌پروری و بررسی امکان پرورش ماهی در دریاچه پشت سد انجام گرفت. به همین منظور 4 ایستگاه در ورودی، خروجی و دریاچه پشت سد انتخاب شده و نمونه‌برداری از ایستگاه‌های انتخابی در سه فصل به‌وسیله گراب مدل ون ویین با سطح پوشش 0625/0 مترمربع، انجام گرفت. نتایج حاصل از این بررسی به منظورتعیین کیفیت آب پشت سد بر اساس شاخص‌های زیستی بر پایه کفزیان تعیین شد. در شاخص‌های کفزیان با تعیین ترکیب گونه‌‌ای و تعیین ارزش زیستی گونه‌های مختلف در قالب شاخص‌های تنوع شانون-‌‌ وینر و شاخص زیستی هلسینهوف، کیفیت آب سد مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. مقادیر شاخص زیستی هلسینهوف در ایستگاه‌های مورد مطالعه در دوره نمونه‌برداری در دامنه 6-07/3 قرار گرفت. به طور کلی، براساس شاخص‌های زیستی مورد بررسی در اغلب ایستگاه‌ها و فصول، شرایط آلودگی متوسط محیطی مشاهده شد که این آلودگی و کاهش تراکم در ایستگاه‌های پشت سد به دلیل ماهیت ساکن بودن آن نسبت به ایستگاه‌های ورودی و خروجی مشهودتر بود. 2 In this study, due to the importance of Doiraj Dam Lake, which supplies an important part of agricultural water of Dehloran and Mosian, the assessment of the lake water was carried out in order to develop aquaculture activities and investigate the possibility of fish farming in the lake behind the dam. For this, 4 stations selected, the entrance, before and ater the lake and sampling were done in three seasons by using Van veen grab with with 0.0625 m2. The results of this study were determined based on the biological indicators. In benthic indices, the quality of water was evaluated by determining the species composition and biological value of different species using Shannon-Wiener diversity indices and Hilsenhoff Family Biotic Index (HFBI). The HFBI index in the studied stations ranged from 3.07 to 6.07. In general, based on the biological indicators, in most of the stations and seasons, moderate pollution was observed, which was more evident in the stations before the dam due to its without move nature than the entry and after stations. 107 115 2022/07/312021/07/262023/08/272023/02/122023/10/282023/07/152022/11/172022/12/19 1401/9/28 2023/11/12023/11/12023/10/312023/11/12023/11/12023/11/12023/11/12023/11/1 1402/8/10 فرحناز کیان ارثی farahnaz kianersi پژوهشکده آبزی پروری جنوب کشور، مؤسسه تحقیقات علوم شیلاتی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، اهواز، ایران Iran farahnaz.kianersi@gmail.com نجمه جهانی پژوهشکده آبزی پروری جنوب کشور، مؤسسه تحقیقات علوم شیلاتی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، اهواز، ایران Iran محسن مزرعاوی پژوهشکده آبزی پروری جنوب کشور، مؤسسه تحقیقات علوم شیلاتی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، اهواز، ایران Iran جمیل بنی طرفی زادگان پژوهشکده آبزی پروری جنوب کشور، مؤسسه تحقیقات علوم شیلاتی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، اهواز، ایران Iran حسین هوشمند پژوهشکده آبزی پروری جنوب کشور، مؤسسه تحقیقات علوم شیلاتی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، اهواز، ایران Iran Doiraj Dam Macrobenthos Shannon-Wiener diversity indices Hilsenhoff indices water quality سد دویرج کفزیان شاخص تنوع شانون- وینر شاخص هلسینهوف کیفیت آب Ahmadi, M, Nafisi Behabadi, M., 2001. Identification of indicator invertebrates of running water. Tehran, Khyber Publications. 244 P. [In Persian]##Azami, J., Esmaili-Sari, A., Abdoli, A., Sohrabi, H. and Van den Brink, P.J., 2015. Monitoring and assessment of water health quality in the Tajan River, Iran using physicochemical, fish and macroinvertebrates indices. Journal of Environmental Health Science and Engineering, 13:1-12. DOI:10.1186/s40201-015-0186-y.##Carney, E., 2009. Relative influence of lake age and watershed land use on trophic state and water quality of artificial lakes in Kansas. Lake and Reservoir Management, 25(2):199-207. DOI:org/10.1080/07438140902905604.##Catherine M. and Yong, H.S., 2012. Freshwater Invertebrates of the Malaysian Region. Monash University Malaysia, Malaysia, 861 P.##Dudgen D., 1999. Tropical Asian Stream. Zoobbenthos, Ecology and Conservation. Hong Kong University press, China. 844 P. ##Fathi, P., Ebrahimi, A., Esmaieli, A., Mirghafari, N, 2016. Biological evaluation of Chaghakhor lagoon using benthic macroinvertebrates. Applied Ecology, 5(15):89-77. [In Persian]##Fisheries Science Research Institute, 2014. Identifying and introducing the aquaculture capacities of the country's internal water resources. 49 P. [In Persian] ##Hashemi, S.H, Qasemi Ziyarani, A, Ranjkesh, Y., 2011. Distribution of incoming pollution load from sub-basins to Amirkabir dam reservoir using QUAL2K model. Ecology, 37(57). DOI:20.1001.1.10258620.1390.37.57.1.9. [In Persian]##Hilsenhoff, W.L., 1988. Rapid field assessment of organic pollution with a family-level biotic index. Journal of the North American Benthological Society, 7(1):65-68. DOI:10.2307/1467832.##Holme, N.A. and McIntyre, A.D. eds., 1984. Methods for the study of marine benthos. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications, United states. 378 P.##Khalfe nilsaz, M., Dehghan madise, S., Hooshmand, H., Mohamadi, GH., Seyed mortezaie, S., 2018. Investigation of Fisheries Exploitation and Assessment of Fish Production Capacity of Seymareh Dam Reservoir. South of IRAN Aquaculture Research Center. 345 P. [In Persian]##Needham, J.G. and Needham, P.R., 1941. A guide to the study of fresh-water biology, with special reference to aquatic insects and other invertebrate animals and phyto-plankton. Comstock Publishing Associates, New York, 88 P.##Pillay, T.V.R. 2004. Aquaculture and the environment. Fishing News Books, Blackwell Publishing, Roma,Italy. 456 P.##Qane, A.M.R, Ahmadi,A, Esmaieli, A., 2006. Biological assessment of Chafrood River (Gilan Province) using macrobenthic Invertebrate. Journal of Agricultural Sciences and Techniques and Natural Resources, 10(1):258-248. [In Persian]##Sabzalizade, S., Eskandari, Gh., Khalfeh nilsaz, M., 2007. Final report of the Dez dam ecology survey. South Iran Aquaculture Research Center. p. 63-67. [In Persian]##Shannon, C.E. 1948. A mathematical theory of communication. Bell System Technical Journal, 27(3):379-423. DOI:10.1002/j.1538-7305.1948.tb01338.x##Simeonov, V., Stratis, J.A., Samara, C., Zachariadis, G., Voutsa, D., Anthemidis, A., Sofoniou, M., Kouimtzis, Th. 2003. Assessment of the surface water quality in Northern Greece. Water Research, 37(17):4119–4124. DOI:10.1016/S0043-1354 (03)00398-1.##Varnosfaderany, M.N., Ebrahimi, E., Mirghaffary, N., and Safyanian, A. 2010. Biological assessment of the Zayandeh Rud River, Iran. Using Benthic Macroinvertebrates, 40(3):226-232, DOI:10.1016/j.limno.2009.10.002##Walen, J. K. 2002. Assessment of stream habitat, fish, macroinvertebrates, sediment and water chemistry for eleven streams in Kentucky and Tennessee, Virginia Polytechnic Institute, Concussion Awarness Training Tool,Vancouver, 71 P.##Williams W.D., 1980. Australian Freshwater Life Macmillan. South Melbourne. 321 P.## ##

مقاله علمی – پژوهشی:‌ مطالعه برخی جنبه‌‌های زیست‌شناسی تولید مثل ماهی کلمه (Rutilus caspicus Yakovlev, 1870) در سواحل جنوب شرقی دریای خزر Study on some reproductive biology aspects of Caspian roach, Rutilus caspicus (Yakovlev, 1870), on the south-east coasts of the Caspian Sea 1 1 در این مطالعه برخی جنبه‌‌های زیست شناسی تولیدمثل ماهی کلمه خزری صید شده به‌وسیله تورهای پره در طول سواحل جنوبی دریای خزر در دوره زمانی 1400-1398 مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. از مجموع 317 نمونه ماهی صید شده (144 عدد نر و 173 عدد ماده) نسبت جنسی نر به ماده 2/1:1 به‌دست آمد که از نظر آماری با نسبت مورد انتظار 1:1 معنی‌دار نبود (05/0p>). میانگین طول چنگالی (انحراف معیار±) 63/2 ± 6/15 (با دامنه 5/25-6/10) سانتی‌متر برای جنس نر و 70/3 ± 7/18 (با دامنه 5/32-3/11) سانتی‌متر برای جنس ماده به‌دست آمد. دامنه و میانگین وزن برای جنس نر به‌ترتیب 214-18 و 20/36 ± 7/60 گرم و برای جنس ماده به‌ترتیب 502-22 و 76/74 ± 5/120 گرم محاسبه شد. حداقل، حداکثر و میانگین هماروی مطلق ماهی R. caspicus به‌ترتیب 6707، 51438 و ۹۸۰۰ ± 18773 عدد تخمک برآورد شد. میانگین هماوری نسبی نسبت به وزن کل و طول چنگالی ماهی کلمه به‌ترتیب 33±152 عدد تخم به ازاء گرم و 367±967 عدد تخم به ازاء سانتی‌متر برآورد شد. میزان هماوری مطلق ماهی کلمه با افزایش طول و وزن به‌ترتیب با ضرایب تعیین 62/0 و 68/0 افزایش یافت به‌طوری‌که دامنه میزان هماوری در دامنه طولی 5/15-5/14 سانتی‌متر برابر با 11807-6707 عدد و در دامنه 32-27 سانتی‌متر برابر با 42693-35813 عدد بود. نتایج نشان داد که در تمام ماه‌های نمونه‌برداری ماهیان ماده کلمه با مراحل 4 و 5 رسیدگی جنسی حضور دارند. مقدار میانگین طول (چنگالی) بلوغ جنسی (Lm50%) ماهی ماده R. caspicus ۸/۱۳ سانتی‌متر به‌دست آمد. بیش‌ترین مقدار شاخص گنادی (GSI) در جنس نر در ماه بهمن با مقدار ۰۸/7 و در جنس ماده در اسفند با مقدار ۰۶/۱۶ مشاهده شد که در جنس اخیر در فروردین مقدار این شاخص به ۹۶/۱۵ کاهش یافت. با توجه به این‌که اوج مقدار GSI و درصد بالای مرحله 5 رسیدگی جنسی ماهی R. caspicus در اسفند و فروردین است، می‌‌توان صید این گونه در این دوره زمانی را ممنوع اعلام کرد. 2 In this study, some aspects of the reproductive biology of Caspian Roach caught by beach seining were investigated along the southeast coats of the Caspian Sea in the period of 2019-2021. From a total of 317 samples of caught fish (144 males and 173 females), the sex ratio of male to female was 1:1/2, which was not statistically significant with the expected ratio of 1:1 (p>0.05). The average fork length (± standard deviation) was 15.6 ± 2.63 cm (with a range of 10.6-25.5 cm) for males and 18.7 ± 3.70 cm (with a range of 11.3-32-5 cm) for females. The range and average weight for males were 18-214 g and 60.7 ± 36.20 g, respectively, and 22-502 g and 120.5 ± 74.76 g for females, respectively. The minimum, maximum, and average absolute fecundity of R. caspicus were estimated as 6707, 51438 and 18773 ± 9800 eggs, respectively. The mean relative fecundity was estimated to be 152 ± 33 eggs/g and 967 ± 367 eggs/cm in relation to the total weight and fork length, respectively. The absolute fecundity of the species increased with an increase in the length and weight of fish with coefficients of determination of R2= 0.62 and 0.68, respectively, so that the range of fecundity in the length range of 14.5-15.5 cm is equal to 6707-11807 eggs and in the length range of 27-32 cm was estimated as 35813-42693 eggs. According to the results, sexual maturity at stages IV and V is present in all sampling months for females of R. caspicus. The mean length (fork length) at first maturity (Lm50%) of females R. caspicus was 13.8 cm. The highest value of Gonadosomatic index (GSI) for males was observed in February with a value of 7.08, and for females in March with a value of 16.06 which decreased to 15.96 in April. Considering that the peak value of GSI and the high percentage of V maturity stage of R. caspicus is observed in March and April; it can be prohibited to catch this species in this time. 117 126 2022/07/312021/07/262023/08/272023/02/122023/10/282023/07/152022/11/172022/12/192022/11/8 1401/8/17 2023/11/12023/11/12023/10/312023/11/12023/11/12023/11/12023/11/12023/11/12023/11/1 1402/8/10 محمد لاریجانی Mohammad larijani مرکز تحقیقات ذخایر آبزیان آبهای داخلی، مؤسسه تحقیقات علوم شیلاتی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، گرگان، ایران Iran mohamadlarijani@gmail.com سید عباس حسینی Seyed Abbas Hosseini مرکز تحقیقات ذخایر آبزیان آبهای داخلی، مؤسسه تحقیقات علوم شیلاتی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، گرگان، ایران Iran ab_hossaini@yahoo.com پرویز زارع ,Parviz Zare گروه تولید و بهره‌‌برداری، دانشکده شیلات و محیط زیست، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران Iran parvizzare58@yahoo.com غلامرضا دریانبرد Ghulam Reza Daryanabard پژوهشکده اکولوژی دریای خزر، مؤسسه تحقیقات علوم شیلاتی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، ساری، ایران Iran daryanabard@yahoo.com مسطوره دوستدار Mastoorh dosttar مؤسسه تحقیقات علوم شیلاتی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران Iran mastooreh.doustdar@gmail.com زینب انصاری Zeinab Ansari گروه ایکتیوپاتولوژی و هیدروبیولوژی، دانشگاه فنی دولتی کالینیگراد، کالینینگراد، روسیه روسیه zeinab6228@gmail.com Gonadosomatic index length at first maturity Fecundity Rutilus caspicus Caspian Sea شاخص گنادی طول بلوغ جنسی هماوری ماهی کلمه دریای خزر Ashja Ardalan, A., Valinassab, T. and Rahimi Talarposhti, M.A., 2009. Survey on some biological characteristics of Caspian Roach (Rutilus rutilus caspicus) in coastal waters of Golestan Province. Journal Animal Environment, 1(2):9-20. DOI:20.1001.1.27171388.1388.1.2.2.4. [In Persian]##Bandani, Gh.A., Tavakkoli, M., Yelghi, S., Nouruzi, H., Bagherzadeh, F., Keymaram, F., Parafkandeh, F., Ghasemi, Sh., Ghorbani, R., Sayyad Raheem, M., Larijani, M., Sabkara, G., Daryanabard, R. and Ghadirnezhad, H., 2010. Research on biology (feeding, spawning and growth of Rutilus rutilus caspicus fish) in Iranian waters of South Caspian. Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute. Inland Waters Aquatics Resources Research Center, 39 P. [In Persian]##Bandani, Gh.A., Larijani, M., Ghasemi, S., Sohrabi Langeroudi, T., Parafkandeh, F., Eiri, Y. and Aghaeimoghadam, A., 2014. Stock assessment of Cyprinus carpio and Rutllus caspicus in the Iranian waters of the southern Caspian Sea. Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute, 29 P. [In Persian]##Bandani, Gh.A., Larijani, M., Ghasemi, Sh., Sohrabi Langeroudi, T., Parafkandeh, F., Amiri, Y. and Aghayei Moghaddam, A., 2016. The stock assessment of bony fish, carp (Cyprinus carpio) and roach (Rutilus rutilus) in southern coast of the Caspian Sea. Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute. Inland Waters Aquatics Resources Research Center, 34 P. [In Persian]## ##Bandani, Gh.A., Ghasemi, S., Talebzadeh, A., Fazli, H., Taghvimotlagh, A., Larijani, M., Aghaeimoghadam, A., Yahyaei, M., Ghasami, M. and Rezaei Shirazi, A., 2017. Stock assessment (Cyprinus carpio and Rutllus caspicus) in Iranian waters of Caspian Sea (2015-2017). Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute, 32 P. [In Persian]##Bandani, Gh.A., Ghasemi, S., Taghvimotlagh, A., Larijani, M., Talebzadeh, A., Fazli, H., Aghaeimoghadam, A., Yahyaei, M., Ghasami, M., and Rezaei Shirazi, A., 2018. Stock assessment (Cyprinus carpio and Rutllus caspicus) in Iranian waters of Caspian Sea (2017-2018). Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute, 29 P. [In Persian]##Bandani, Gh., Larijani, M., Frazli, H. and Daryanabard, Gh., 2020. Analyzing the trend of catch rate and reconstruction of carp and roach in the Iranian waters of Caspian Sea. Journal of Utilization and Cultivation of Aquatics, 9(2):45-56. DOI:10.22069/JAPU.2020.15590.1459. [In Persian]##Billard, R., Cosson, J.L. and Crim, W., 1993. Mortality of fresh and aged halibut sperm. Aquatic Living Resources, 6:67-75. DOI:10.1051/alr:1993008.##Dordi Tatr, R., Ghorbani, R., Gorgin, S., Bandani, Gh. and Yahyaei, M., 2018a. Assessing exploitation status of Caspian roach (Rutilus caspicus, Yakovlev, 1870) in southeast of the Caspian Sea. Iranian Scientific Fisheries Journal, 27(4):67-76. DOI:10.22092/ISFJ.2018.117721. [In Persian]##Dordi Tatr, R., Ghorbani, R., Gorgin, S., Bandani, Gh. and Yahyaei, M., 2018b. Determination of exploitation model for Rutilus caspicus in south east of Caspian Sea (Golestan Province). Journal of Utilization and Cultivation of Aquatics, 7(2):9-19. DOI:10.22069/JAPU.2018.13443.1385. [In Persian]##Hashemian, A., 1996. Food and feeding habits of Huso huso, Caught by Gillnet in southern part of the Caspian Sea. Iranian Scientific Fisheries Journal, 5(3):61-70. DOI:10.22092/ISFJ.1996.116302. [In Persian]##King, M., 1995. Fisheries biology, assessment and management. Fishing news books, UK, 341 P.##Mehdipour, N., Saeedpour, B. and Bandani, G., 2016. Determination of growth parameters, Age structure and sex ratio in Broodstock of Roach Rutilus caspicus (Yakovlev, 1870) in the southeastern coast of the Caspian Sea (Golestan Province). Journal of Applied Ichthyological Research, 4(1):17-27. [In Persian]##Mosanejad, F., Harsij, M., Gholizadeh, M. and Aghilinezhad, M., 2021. Investigation of Factors Effective in Illegal Fishing, the South Eastern Part of the Caspian Sea, Golestan Province. Journal of Applied Ichthyological Research, 9(3):51-60. DOI:10.22034/jair.9.3.51. [In Persian]##Nadafi, R., Majazi amiri, B., Karami, M., Kiabi, B. and Abdoli A., 2002. Some biological characteristics of roach, Rutilus rutilus caspicus, in Gomishan wetland. Iranian Scientific Fisheries Journal, 5(3): 61-70. DOI:10.22092/ISFJ.2002.115638. [In Persian]##Rahnama, B., Kamrani, E., Abdoli, A., Naji, A. and Raeisi, H., 2019. The growth and mortality of Roach (Rutilus rutilus caspicus Yakovlev, 1870) in the southern waters of the Caspian Sea (Golestan province). Journal Animal Environment, 11(3):181-190. [In Persian]##Rahnama, B., Kamrani, E., Abdoli, A., Raeesi, H. and Naji, A., 2022. The Biology reproduction of Rocha (Rutilus rutilus caspicus ) in the waters of Gomishan and Assurade Islands (South east of the Caspian Sea). Journal of Applied Ichthyological Research, 10(2):1-10. DOI:10.22034/jair.10.2.1. [In Persian]##Sivakumaran, K.P., Brown Stoessel, D. and Gilles, A., 2003. 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یافته علمی کوتاه:‌ مطالعه شیوع عارضه کبد چرب در ماهیان قزل‌آلای رنگین‌کمان (Oncorhynchus mykiss) پرورشی در مزارع شهرستان شاهرود، استان سمنان Study of fatty liver disease prevalence in the raised rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) from Shahrood city’s farms, Semnan Province 1 1 در مزارع پرورشی ماهیان سردابی، 50 تا 60 درصد هزینه‌های جاری برای تامین غذا است. چربی بالای جیره ممکن است باعث افزایش ذخیره چربی در بدن شود. در بیشتر ماهیان ذخیره کردن چربی محدود بوده و چربی اضافی در جیره می‌تواند به داخل کبد نفوذ کند و در داخل آن تجمع یابد و باعث ایجاد عارضه کبد چرب گردد. تمام آزاد ماهیان به دژنراسیون لیپوئید کبدی حساس هستند و قزل‌آلای رنگین‌کمان از حساسیت بیشتری نسبت به این عارضه برخوردار است. عارضه کبد چرب یک عارضه جدی و حتی کشنده در ماهیان پرورشی می‌باشد. در این تحقیق برای بررسی وضعیت این عارضه 200 عدد ماهی قزل آلای رنگین کمان پرورشی در دو فصل پاییز (100 نمونه) و زمستان (100 نمونه) از 20 مزرعه و از هر مزرعه 10 نمونه در شهرستان شاهرود استان سمنان در سال 1400 تهیه شدند. ماهی‌ها پس از زیست‌سنجی در سه گروه وزنی 400-300 گرم، 500-400 گرم و 600-500 گرم جمع آوری و در شرایط خنک بلافاصله به آزمایشگاه منتقل شدند. کبدهایی که دچار تغییر رنگ (زردی، سفید شیری و قهوه‌ای روشن)، تورم و بزرگی، گرد شدن لبه‌ها و حتی شکنندگی، وجود نقاط خونریزی و پرخونی در سطح بودند بعنوان کبد مشکوک به عارضه کبدچرب درنظر گرفته شدند. بعد از تهیه نمونه بافتی، در کل، پنج نمونه بعنوان مثبت تایید گردیدکه در آن‌ها تجمع واکوئل چربی، تغییر در سیتوپلاسم و هسته خارج از مرکز سلول‌های کبدی، بزرگتر بودن سلول های کبدی نسبت به حالت طبیعی و نکروز نیز به صورت بسیار محدود و از نوع انعقادی مشاهده شد. بین بروز و عدم بروز کبد چرب در دو فصل پاییز و زمستان و نیز مزارع مختلف تفاوت معناداری مشاهده نشد. 2 In coldwater-fish farms, 50-60% of current expenses is for feed suplly. High-lipid feed may cause an increase in the lipid storage in body. In most fish, fat storage is limited and excess fat can accumulate in liver tissue that causes lipoidosis. All salmonid fish and especially rainbow trout are susceptible to fatty liver degeneration. Fatty liver is a serious and even lethal disease in farmed fish. In this study 200 farmed rainbow trout were collected in two seasons, autumn (100 samples) and winter (100 samoles) from 20 farms and 10 samples from each farm in Shahrood city of Semnan province in 2021. After biometry the fish were classified into 300-400, 400-500- and 500-600 g weight groups and immediately transferred into the lab under chilled conditions. The livers with discoloration (yellow, milky white and light brown), enlargement, swelling, rounded edges and even fragility, hemorrhagical spots and hyperemia on the surface were selected as suspected livers. After preparing histological slides, totally, five liver samples were confirmed as positive samples that showed aggregation of fat vacuoles, cytoplasm changes and eccentric nucleus, bigger hepatocytes compare to normal ones and restricted necrosis as coagulative necrosis. No significant difference was observed between the occurrence and non-occurrence of fatty liver in autumn and winter and also in different farms. 127 134 2022/07/312021/07/262023/08/272023/02/122023/10/282023/07/152022/11/172022/12/192022/11/82023/09/2 1402/6/11 2023/11/12023/11/12023/10/312023/11/12023/11/12023/11/12023/11/12023/11/12023/11/12023/11/1 1402/8/10 سپیده امیراحمدی Sepideh Amir ahmadi دانشکده دامپزشکی، واحد کرج، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، کرج، ایران Iran amirahmadi.sepideh@gmail.com بابک شعیبی عمرانی Babak Shoaibi Omrani دانشکده دامپزشکی، واحد کرج، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، کرج، ایران Iran babak.shoaibi@kiau.ac.ir سهیل علی نژاد Soheil Alinezhad موسسه آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران Iran soheilalinezhad47@gmail.com Rainbow trout Fatty liver Diet Inland waters قزل‌آلای رنگین‌کمان کبد چرب جیره غذایی آب‌های داخلی Azadikhah, D., Nekuie Fard, A., Amniyat Talab, A., Khodadadi, A., Azizi, R., Behbudi N., 2013. 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