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مقاله علمی – پژوهشی:‌ تأثیر سطوح مختلف ویتامین C بر شاخص‌های رشد، برخی عوامل خونی و فعالیت آنزیم‌های آنتی‌اکسیدانی بچه ماهی سفیدک سیستان (Schizothorax zarudnyi) Effect of different levels of Vitamin C on growth indices, some blood parameters, and antioxidant enzymes activity of Schizothorax zarudnyi 1 1 در تحقیق حاضر تأثیر سطوح مختلف ویتامین C بر شاخص‌های رشد، خون‌شناسی و فعالیت آنزیم‌های آنتی‌اکسیدانی بچه ماهی شیزوتراکس زارودنی بررسی شد. به همین منظور، تعداد 144 عدد ماهی به‌صورت کاملاً تصادفی در 12 وان فایبرگلاسی (12 عدد ماهی در هر وان) توزیع و با 3 تیمار غذایی حاوی 100، 500 و 1000 میلی‌‌گرم در کیلوگرم ویتامین C و گروه شاهد (فاقد ویتامین C) به مدت 60 روز تغذیه شدند. شاخص‌‌های رشد در انتهای دوره آزمایش اندازه‌گیری شد. همچنین جهت اندازه‌گیری میزان فعالیت آنزیم‌های کبدی، آنزیم‌‌های آنتی‌اکسیدانی و شاخص‌‌های خونی بچه ماهی‌‌ها، خون‌گیری از سیاهرگ ساقه دمی ماهیان انجام شد. نتایج شاخص‌‌های رشد در تیمارهای مختلف با گروه شاهد تفاوت معنی‌داری نشان نداد (05/0<p). بیشترین میانگین وزن نهایی، افزایش وزن و نرخ رشدویژه، ضریب چاقی، درصد افزایش وزن بدن و کمترین میزان ضریب تبدیل غذایی در تیمار 1000 میلی‌‌گرم در کیلوگرم ویتامین C مشاهده شد. میزان گلبول‌‌های قرمز در تمامی تیمارها با تیمار شاهد دارای اختلاف معنی‌دار بود (05/0>p). بیشترین میزان گلبول قرمز در تیمار 1000 میلی‌‌گرم در کیلوگرم ویتامین C است که با گروه شاهد اختلاف معنی‌داری داشت (05/0>p). همچنین میزان گلبول سفید نیز در تمامی تیمارها افزایش‌ داشت و با گروه شاهد دارای اختلاف معنی‌‌داری بود (05/0 >p). میزان فعالیت آنزیم‌های آلکالین فسفاتاز، آلانین آمینو ترانسفراز، آسپارتات آمینو ترانسفراز و لاکتات دهیدروژناز دارای اختلاف معنی‌‌دار با گروه شاهد بود (05/0>p). میزان فعالیت آنزیم‌‌های آنتی اکسیدانی کاتالاز، گلوتاتیون رداکتاز، گلوتاتیون پراکسیداز، سوپر اکسید دیسموتاز و ایمنوگلوبین کل و پروتئین کل اختلاف معنی‌داری با گروه شاهد نشان داد (05/0>p). با توجه به تجزیه‌وتحلیل نتایج می‌‌توان بیان نمود که ویتامین C تأثیر مثبت بر عوامل خونی و آنزیم‌‌های آنتی اکسیدانی Schizothorax zarudnyi دارد. 2 In this study, the effect of different levels of vitamin C on growth indices, hematology, and antioxidant enzymes activity was studied in Schizothorax zarudnyi. For this purpose, a total of 144 fish was randomly distributed in 12 fiberglass tanks (12 fish per tanks) and fed with 3 dietary treatments containing 100, 500 and 1000 mg/kg of vitamin C and a control group without vitamin C for 60 days. The biological parameters of juveniles were measured at the end of the experimental period. To measure liver enzymes, antioxidant enzymes and also blood parameters, blood sampling from the tail vein of fish were performed. The results of growth indices in different treatments did not show a significant difference with the control group (p<0.05). The highest mean final weight, weight gain and specific growth rate, condition factor, body weight gain percentage and lowest feed conversion ratio were observed in 1000 mg/kg vitamin C treatment. The amount of red blood cells in all treatments was significantly different from the control treatment (p<0.05). The highest amount of red blood cells was in the treatment of 1000 mg/kg of vitamin C, which was significantly different from the control group (p <0.05). Also, white blood cell count increased in all treatments and there was a significant difference with the control group (p<0.05). The highest amount of white blood cells was recorded in the treatment of 500 mg/kg of vitamin C. Which had a significant difference with the control group (p<0.05). The alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and lactate dehydrogenase had a significant difference with the control group (p<0.05). The antioxidant enzymes catalase, glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, total immunoglobulin, and total protein are significantly different from the control group (p<0.05). According to the analysis of the results, it can be acknowledged that vitamin C has a positive effect on blood factors and antioxidant enzymes in Schizothorax zarudnyi. 1 10 2023/11/23 1402/9/2 2024/02/29 1402/12/10 فرشته همت کوهسار Fereshteh Hemmat Koohsar دانشگاه زابل Iran absa6238@gmail.com جواد میردار هریجانی Javad Mirdar Harijani دانشگاه زابل Iran javadmirdar@gmail.com احمد قرایی Ahmad Gharaei دانشگاه زابل Iran agharaei551@gmail.com Antioxidant enzymes Liver enzymes Schizothorax zarudnyi Blood parameters Vitamin C آنزیم‌های آنتی اکسیدانی آنزیم‌های کبدی Schizothorax zarudnyi پارامترهای خونی ویتامین C Abdoli, A., 1999. Fishes of inland waters of Iran. Naghshe Mana, Iran. pp 206-215. (In Persian)##Adel, M., Pourgholam, R., Zorriehzahra, S. and Ghiasi, M., 2015. The effect of different levels of Mentha piperita on some of the hematological, biochemical and immune parameters of Oncorhynchus mykiss. Iranian Scientific Fisheries Journal, 24(1):37-46. 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مقاله علمی – پژوهشی:‌ توزیع مکانی فلزات سنگین در رسوبات زیستگاه‌‌های مانگرو و مرجانی استان هرمزگان Spatial distribution of heavy metals in the sediments of mangrove and coral habitats of Hormozgan province 1 1 در تحقیق حاضر، ارزیابی جامع توزیع مکانی فلزات سنگین شامل کادمیوم، سرب، نیکل، مس، روی و کروم در رسوبات نواحی مانگرو و مرجانی از 32 ایستگاه واقع در خورهای تیاب، آذینی، جزایرلارک، هنگام و قشم، بندرپل و بندر خمیر طی سال‌‌های 1400-1399، انجام شد. غلظت فلزات سنگین تغییرات مکانی معنادار بین مناطق نشان داد. بالاترین غلظت فلز کادمیوم 01/0±64/1 میکروگرم/گرم در ایستگاه "نزدیک روستای طبل، جنوب درختان حرا" مشاهده شد. ایستگاه "تیاب، انتهای خور" دارای بالاترین غلظت سرب (17/2±87/17 میکروگرم/گرم) بود. بالاترین غلظت نیکل (85/1±22/135 میکروگرم/گرم) در ایستگاه‌‌ "تیاب شمالی، شاخه آبدهی" دیده شد. حداکثر غلظت فلز کروم (41/0±41/18 میکروگرم/گرم) در ایستگاه "مرکز ذخیرگاه حرا" مشاهده شد. بالاترین غلظت روی (74/30±61/94 میکروگرم/گرم) در "ایستگاه 2 آذینی" وجود داشت و نهایتاً در ایستگاه "اسکله خمیر، بستر شنی درختان حر"ا بالاترین غلظت مس (28/0±5/40 میکروگرم/گرم، مشاهده شد. ایستگاه‌‌های واقع در تیاب و ذخیره‌‌گاه مانگرو، دارای شدت بیش‌‌تری از آلودگی نسبت به سایر نقاط بودند و ریسک‌‌های قابل‌‌توجه از آلودگی به‌خصوص از لحاظ فلزات نیکل و کادمیوم نشان دادند. کادمیوم، به ‌عنوان پرخطرترین عنصر در مناطق مورد مطالعه در نظر گرفته شد که احتمالاَ ناشی از فعالیت‌‌های صنعتی باشد. استراتژی‌های جامع و چشمگیر جهت کنترل و کاهش این آلودگی‌‌های فلزات سنگین به‌خصوص در زیستگاه‌‌های تیاب و ذخیره‌‌گاه مانگرو، مکان‌هایی که شدت بالای آلودگی کادمیوم و نیکل را نشان دادند، موردنیاز است در نظر گرفته شود تا منابع این آلودگی‌‌ها شناسایی و مدیریت شوند و تاثیر فعالیت‌‌های انسانی بر زیست‌‌بوم اکوسیستم‌‌های مانگرو و مرجانی به حداقل برسد. 2 In the current work, a comprehensive assessment of the spatial distribution of heavy metals including Cd, Pb, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Cr was performed in the sediments of mangrove and coral areas from 32 stations located in Tiab, Azini, Lark,  Hengam and Qeshm, Island, Bandar e pol and Bandar Khamir during the 2021 to 2022. The concentration of heavy metals showed significant spatial variations between the areas. The highest concentration of Cd 1.64±0.01 μg/g was observed at the station "Near Tabl village, South of the mangrove trees". The station "Tiab, end of the estuary" had the highest concentration of Pb 17.87±2.17 μg/g. The highest concentration of Ni 135.22±1.85 µg/g was seen in "North Tiab station, irrigation branch". The maximum concentration of metal Cr 18.41±0.41 μg/g was observed at the "Center of mangrove reservoir" station. There was the highest concentration of Zn 94.61±30.74 μg/g in "Azini Station 2" and finally, the highest concentration of Cu 40.5±0.28 μg/g was observed in the station "Khamir port, sandy bed of mangrove trees". The stations located in Tiab and the mangrove reserve had a higher intensity of pollution than other places and showed considerable risks of pollution, especially in terms of Ni and Cd. Cadmium was considered as the most dangerous metal in the studied areas which is probably caused by industrial activities. It is necessary to consider comprehensive and impressive strategies to control and reduce these heavy metal pollutions, especially in Tiab habitats and mangrove reserves where show high intensity of Cd and Ni contamination to identify, and manage the sources of these pollutions and minimize the impact of human activities on mangrove and coral ecosystems. 11 23 2023/11/232024/01/2 1402/10/12 2024/02/292024/02/29 1402/12/10 محمدصدیق مرتضوی Mohammad Seddiq Mortazavi پژوهشکده اکولوژی خلیج فارس و دریای عمان Iran mseddiq1@yahoo.com سیده لیلی محبی نوذر Seyedeh laili Mohebbi Nozar پژوهشکده اکولوژی خلیج فارس و دریای عمان Iran lmohebbi@yahoo.com سنا شریفیان Sana Sharifian پژوهشکده اکولوژی خلیج فارس و دریای عمان Iran s_sharifian@yahoo.com فرشته سراجی Freshteh Saraji پژوهشکده اکولوژی خلیج فارس و دریای عمان Iran fereshtehsaraji@gmail.com سبامک بهزادی Siamak Behzady پژوهشکده اکولوژی خلیج فارس و دریای عمان Iran s_behzady@yahoo.com هادی کوهکن Hadi Koohkan پژوهشکده اکولوژی خلیج فارس و دریای عمان Iran koohkan_7001@yahoo.com Heavy metals Spatial distribution Mangrove and coral areas Persian Gulf فلزات سنگین توزیع مکانی نواحی مانگرو و مرجانی خلیج‌‌فارس Agah, H., 2021. Ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in sediment, fish, and human hair from Chabahar Bay, Makoran, Iran. Marine Pollution. Bulletin, 169:112345. DOI:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112345.##Ali, H., Khan, E. and Ilahi, I., 2019. Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology of Hazardous Heavy Metals: Environmental Persistence, Toxicity, and Bioaccumulation. Journal of Chemistry, 6730305. DOI:10.1155/2019/6730305.##Angeli, J.L.F., Sartoretto, J.R., Kim, B.S.M., de Lima Ferreira, P.A., de Mahiques, M.M. and Figueira, R.C.L., 2021. Trace element fluxes during the “Anthropocene” in a large South American industrial and port area (Santos and São Vicente estuarine system, SE, Brazil). Environmental Monitoring and Assessment,193:594. DOI:10.1007/s10661-021-09378-3.##Arfaeinia, H., Dobaradaran, S., Moradi, M., Pasalari, H., Mehrizi, E.A., Taghizadeh, F., Esmaili, A. and Ansarizadeh, M., 2019. 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مقاله علمی – پژوهشی:‌ اثرات عادت‌دهی کوتاه‌مدت مرحله ‌گذار از غذای زنده به غذای خشک بر عملکرد رشد، زنده‌‌مانی، ترکیب لاشه و پروفایل اسیدهای چرب لارو فیل ماهی (Huso huso) Effects of short-term adaptation of weaning strategies on growth performance, survival rate, carcass composition, and fatty acids profile of great sturgeon (Huso huso) larvae 1 1 هدف این مطالعه، بررسی اثرات عادت‌‌دهی کوتاه‌‌مدت با استفاده از غذاهای زنده مختلف و خشک بر عملکرد رشد، ترکیب لاشه و پروفایل اسیدهای چرب لارو فیل‌‌ماهی (Huso huso) است. تعداد 1200 لارو فیل‌ماهی با میانگین وزن اولیه 01/0±43/0 گرم به‌ صورت تصادفی در 12 مخزن گرد پلاستیکی 80 لیتری (100 لارو به ازای هر مخزن) در سه تکرار توزیع شدند. سپس لارو ماهیان به‌ مدت 21 روز با لارو منجمد شیرونومید (T1)، زی‌توده منجمد آرتمیا (T2) و ترکیبی از آنها (T3) تغذیه شدند. گروه شاهد (C) در طول دوره تنها جیره خشک تجاری (5/0 میلی‌‌متر، پروتئین 59/55 درصد، چربی 12/21 درصد، خاکستر 76/11 درصد و رطوبت 96/7 درصد) را دریافت کرد. جهت عادت‌دهی، هر دو روز یکبار، 15 درصد از میزان غذای زنده کاسته و بر میزان غذای خشک افزوده شد. طبق نتایج، وزن نهایی (16/0±99/4 گرم)، وزن کسب شده (17/0±57/4 گرم)، افزایش وزن بدن (75/72±53/1081 درصد) و نرخ رشد ویژه (29/0±75/11 درصد/روز) در T1 به‌ طور معنی‌داری بالاتر از سایر گروه‌های آزمایشی بود (05/0>p). نرخ زنده‌‌مانی در گروه (C) (32/1±50/56 درصد) نسبت به سایر تیمارها به ‌طور معنی‌داری کاهش یافت (05/0>p) و در گروه تغذیه شده با لارو منجمد شیرونومید (T1) مرگ‌ومیری مشاهده نشد‌ (05/0>p). میزان چربی خام (08/0±32/1 درصد) و رطوبت (17/0±98/80 درصد) در T1 به طور معنی‌داری کمتر از سایر تیمارها و محتوای پروتئین خام در T3 (39/0±26/11 درصد) و C (44/0±44/11 درصد) به طور معنی‌داری بالاتر از گروه‌های T1 (39/0±23/9 درصد) و T2 (28/0±67/9 درصد) بود (05/0>p). گروه T3، کاهش معنی‌داری در ارتباط با مجموع اسیدهای چرب n-3 LC-PUFA (04/0±53/9 درصد) نسبت به T1 (71/0±02/11 درصد) نشان داد (05/0>p). نسبت EPA/DHA نیز در گروه T1 به طور معنی‌داری بالاتر (03/0±45/0 درصد) از سایر تیمارها بود (05/0>p). براساس نتایج به‌دست آمده، استفاده از لارو منجمد شیرونومید به دلیل بهبود شاخص‌های رشد، زنده‌‌مانی و ترکیبات اسید چرب جهت سازگاری لارو فیل‌ماهی با غذای خشک طی 21 روز توصیه می‌شود. 2 This study aimed to evaluate the effects of feeding with different types of live feeds on growth performance, survival rate, body composition, and fatty acids profile of great sturgeon (Huso huso) larvae during short-time weaning to dry feed. A total of 1200 great sturgeon larvae with a mean initial weight of 0.43±0.01g were distributed randomly into twelve 80-L circular fiberglass tanks (100 larvae per tank) with three replicates. Afterward, the fish were fed with frozen chironomid larvae (T1), frozen Artemia biomass (T2), and a combination of them (T3). The control group © received only a commercial dry feed (0.5 mm: protein 55.59%, lipid 21.12%, ash 11.76%, and moisture 7.96%) throughout the feeding trial. For weaning, the live feed was reduced by 15% every two days, and the dry feed ratio was also gradually increased. According to the results, the final weight (4.99±0.16g), weight gain (4.57±0.17g), body weight increase (1081.53±72.75%), and specific growth rate (11.75±0.29%/day) were significantly higher in T1 than in other groups (p<0.05). The survival rate (56.50±1.32%) significantly decreased in the control group © (p<0.05); however, no mortality was observed in the group fed chironomid larvae (p<0.05). The crude lipid (1.32±0.08%) and moisture (80.98±0.17%) levels of T1 were higher than other groups, and the crude protein content was significantly higher in T3 (11.26±0.39%) and C (11.44±0.44%) than T1 (9.23±0.39%) and T2 (9.67±0.28%) groups (p<0.05). There was a significant decrease in total n-3 LC-PUFA fatty acids (9.53±0.04%) in T3 than in T1 (11.02±071%) (p<0.05). The EPA/DHA ratio in T1 was significantly higher (0.45±0.03%) than other treatments (p<0.05). Consequently, the administration of frozen chironomid larvae is recommended during a 21-day adaptation period of great sturgeon larvae to the dry feed, due to the optimizing effects on growth indices, survival, and fatty acid contents. 25 38 2023/11/232024/01/22024/02/17 1402/11/28 2024/02/292024/02/292024/02/29 1402/12/10 ذبیح اله پژند Zabihollah Pajand انستیتو تحقیقات بین‌المللی ماهیان خاویاری، موسسه تحقیقات علوم شیلاتی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، رشت، ایران Iran zpajand@gmail.com رضا طاعتی Reza Taati گروه شیلات، واحد تالش، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تالش. ایران. Iran r.taati@gmail.com محمود محسنی Mahmoud Mohseni انستیتو تحقیقات بین‌المللی ماهیان خاویاری، موسسه تحقیقات علوم شیلاتی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، رشت، ایران Iran mahmoudmohseni73@gmail.com حسینعلی عبدالحی Hosseinali Abdolhay موسسه تحقیقات علوم شیلاتی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران Iran hossein_abdolhay@yahoo.com رضا قربانی واقعی Reza Ghorbani Vaghei انستیتو تحقیقات بین‌المللی ماهیان خاویاری، موسسه تحقیقات علوم شیلاتی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، رشت، ایران Iran ghorbani_v2@yahoo.com ژیلا خودخواه Zhila Khodkhah گروه شیلات، واحد تالش، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تالش. ایران Iran amir6290@gmail.com Co-feeding Feeding strategy Artemia biomass Chironomid Beluga تغذیه مختلط راهبرد غذایی زی‌توده آرتمیا شیرونومید فیل‌ماهی Adeli, A. and Namdar, M., 2015. The Iranian caviar and its substitutes in the world market. Ecopersia, 3:933-944.##Agh, N., Noori, F. and Makhdom, N.M., 2012. 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مقاله علمی – پژوهشی:‌ استفاده از تجربه تاثیرات کووید-19 بر فعالیت‌های شیلاتی برای پیشگیری از آسیب‌های مشابه آتی، در ایران Using the experience of Covid-19 effects on fisheries activities to prevent similar damages in the future 1 1 بیماری کووید-19 باعث مواجهه میلیون‌ها نفر در جهان با بحران تأمین غذا گردید. این تحقیق با هدف بررسی میزان تاثیرگذاری شیوع این بیماری بر فعالیت‌های شیلاتی کشور ما به عنوان یکی از شاخه‌های تأمین غذا برنامه‌ریزی و اجرا شد. عملیات جمع‌آوری و گردآوری داده‌های پژوهش از طریق: (1) طراحی پرسشنامه‌های عمومی و اختصاصی، توزیع آن در سراسر کشور و تکمیل آنها از سوی فعالین شیلاتی حوزه‌های پرورش میگو، سردابی و گرمابی، جوامع صیادی و مراکز فرآوری استانهای مختلف، (2) گردآوری اطلاعات، بخشنامه‌ها و داده‌های لازم مانند آمارهای تولید سازمان شیلات ایران و (3) مرور تحقیقات و اقدامات انجام شده در سایر کشورها، انجام گرفت. میانگین پایایی 1044 پرسشنامه تکمیل شده بر اساس تعیین آلفای کرونباخ برابر با 81/0 تعیین گردید. نتایج نشان داد که در دوران شیوع بیماری تأمین نهاده‌ها و مواد اولیه برای پرورش‌دهنده‌ها و کارخانجات فرآوری دشوارتر (با میانگین 3±65 درصد) و گران‌تر (با میانگین 5±56 درصد) انجام شده است. محدودیت‌های داخلی و بین‌المللی اعمال شده در دوران قرنطینه را می‌توان به عنوان یکی از عوامل اصلی دشواری در تأمین مواد اولیه قلمداد کرد. در این زمینه 79 درصد این افراد معتقد بودند که حمل و نقل مواد اولیه در این ایام با دشواری بیشتری انجام شد و عرضه محصول را تحت تأثیر قرار داد. کاهش تقاضا و افزایش قیمت تمام شده تولید باعث افزایش میزان نگهداری محصول تولیدی گردیده که باعث افزایش ریسک و هزینه برای تولیدکنندگان شد. 70 درصد پاسخ دهندگان نگرانی از انتقال بیماری به‌وسیله ماهی و کاهش تقاضا را در مصرف‌کنندگان، مشاهده و اعلام نموده‌اند. در زمینه اشتغال و اقتصاد، افزایش قیمت تمام شده محصول تولیدی در واحدهای آبزی‌پروری و کارخانجات فرآوری به میزان بالاتری مشاهده شد. در برابر، جامعه صیادی بالاترین میزان از دست رفتن شغل را در میان گروه‌های مخاطب پژوهش گزارش کردند. 80 درصد واحدهای تولیدی اعلام کردند که درآمد آنها در دوران شیوع بیماری کاهش یافته است. همچنین نتایج این تحقیق کاهش کارگران و کارکنان واحد تولیدی در تمامی گروه‌های مخاطب در زمان شیوع بیماری را نشان می‌دهد. به‌ طورکلی، حدود 78 درصد مخاطبان اعلام کردند که فعالیت‌های شیلاتی کشور تحت تاثیرات منفی شیوع بیماری کرونا قرار گرفت. با توجه به این نتایج و تأثیر کوتاه‌مدت این بیماری، از میان راهبردهای مقابله با بحران‌ها، راهبرد استقامت برای بحران‌های مشابه پیشنهاد شده است. برای افزایش توان مقاومت واحدهای شیلاتی کشور در موارد مشابه آتی راهکارها و تدابیری از جمله طبقه بندی فعالیت‌های شیلاتی جزو مشاغل آسیب پذیر، تدوین برنامه‌های کمکی و بسته‌های عملیاتی اضطراری، اجرای اقدامات ترویجی و اطلاع رسانی، مدیریت منطقه‌ای در استان‌ها برای تأمین نیاز بازارها، تمدید اتوماتیک مجوزهای بهره‌برداری مزارع، تقویت و توسعه واحدهای سردخانه‌ای و کارخانجات فرآوری، ضرورت حمایت فوری از صیادان محلی وگسترش روش‌های آنلاین فروش آبزیان پیشنهاد گردیده است. 2 The covid-19 disease caused millions of people in the world to face a food supply crisis. This research was planned and implemented to investigate the impact of the spread of this disease on the fisheries activities of Iran as one of the branches of food supply. The operation of collecting research data through (1) designing general and specific questionnaires, distributing them throughout the country and completing them by fisheries activists in the areas of shrimp farming, coldwater and warmwater, fishing communities, and seafood processing centers of different provinces, (2) gathering information, directives, and necessary data such as the production statistics of the Iranian Fisheries Organization, and (3) a review of the research and actions carried out in other countries. The average reliability of 1044 completed questionnaires was determined as 0.81 based on Cronbach's alpha. The results showed that during the outbreak of the disease, providing inputs and raw materials for growers and processing factories was more difficult (with an average of 65±3%) and more expensive (with an average of 56±5%). The domestic and international restrictions imposed during the quarantine period can be considered as one of the main factors for the difficulty in providing raw materials. In this context, 79% of these people believed that the transportation of raw materials was more difficult these days and affected the supply of the product. The decrease in demand and the increase in the cost of production increased the amount of storage of the manufactured product, which increased the risk and cost for the producers. 70% of the respondents have observed and announced the concern about disease transmission by fish and the decrease in demand among consumers. In the field of employment and economy, the increase in the cost price of the produced product was observed to a higher extent in aquaculture sectors and seafood processing factories. Instead, the fishing community reported the highest rate of job loss among the research target groups. 80% of the production sectors announced that their income decreased during the outbreak of the disease. Also, the results of this research showed the reduction of workers and employees of the production sectors in all groups during the outbreak of the disease. In general, about 78% of the audience announced that the fisheries activities of the country were affected by the negative effects of the coronavirus disease. According to these results and the short-term impact of this disease, among the strategies to deal with crises, the strategy of endurance for similar crises is proposed. To increase the resistance of the country's fisheries sectors in similar cases in the future, solutions and measurements have been proposed such as classifying fisheries activities as vulnerable businesses, developing assistance programs and emergency operational packages, implementing promotion and information measures, regional management in the provinces to meet the needs of the markets, extending, automatic renewal of farm exploitation licenses, the strengthening and development of cold storage plants and processing factories, the necessity of immediate support for local fishermen, and the expansion of online methods of selling aquatic products. 39 49 2023/11/232024/01/22024/02/172023/12/13 1402/9/22 2024/02/292024/02/292024/02/292024/03/5 1402/12/15 محمود بهمنی Bahmani مؤسسه تحقیقات علوم شیلاتی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران Iran mahmoudbahmani@ymail.com داود ضرغام Zargham مؤسسه تحقیقات علوم شیلاتی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران Iran davoodzargham61@gmail.com بابک قائدنیا Ghaednia مؤسسه تحقیقات علوم شیلاتی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران Iran babak.ghaednia@gmail.com یزدان مرادی Moradi مؤسسه تحقیقات علوم شیلاتی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران Iran ymorady@yahoo.com علی سالارپوری Salarpoori پژوهشکده اکولوژی خلیج فارس و دریای عمان، مؤسسه تحقیقات علوم شیلاتی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، بندرعباس Iran salarpouri@pgoseri.ac.ir شاپور کاکولکی Kakoolaki 1- مؤسسه تحقیقات علوم شیلاتی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران Iran bsh443@gmail.com Covid-19 Aquaculture Fishing Challenge Prevention کووید-19 صید و صیادی آبزی پروری چالش پیشگیری Alam, G.M., Sarker, M.N.I., Gatto, M., Bhandari, H. and Naziri, D., 2022. 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مقاله علمی – پژوهشی:‌ ارزیابی خطر سلامت و سطوح فلزات سمی در ماهی سفید (Rutilus kutum) دریای خزر Health risk assessment and levels of toxic metals in whitefish (Rutilus kutum) in the Caspian Sea 1 1 در مقاله حاضر غلظت کل عناصر سنگین سمی از قبیل سرب، کادمیم، جیوه، و آرسنیک که از عناصر اجباری سازمان بهداشت جهانی (WHO) و سازمان کشاورزی و غذایی سازمان ملل (FAO) هستند، در بافت خوراکی ماهی سفید دریای خزر از نظر سلامت تعیین گردید. 90 عدد نمونه ماهی سفید در سه استان شمالی (گیلان، مازندران و گلستان) طی سال‌های 1400-1399 جمع‌آوری گردید. غلظت فلزات سرب، کادمیم، جیوه و آرسنیک در بافت خوراکی ماهی سفید دریای خزر (Rutilus kutum) به روش استاندارد و هضم اسیدی با دستگاه جذب اتمی با استفاده از شعله، کوره گرافیتی و بخار سرد تجزیه‌وتحلیل گردیدند. نتایج نشان داد که غلظت 90 درصد از کل داده‌‌ها (صدک 90%) فلزات سمی در بافت ماهی سفید به‌ترتیب Cd>As>Hg>Pb کاهش یافت. مقادیر کادمیم، آرسنیک، سرب و جیوه در بافت ماهی سفید به‌ترتیب 31/0-009/0، 15/0-001/0، 060/0-001/0، 020/0-001/0 میلی گرم بر کیلوگرم وزن تر بود. همچنین تجزیه‌وتحلیل آماری داده‌ها نشان داد که دو نوع همبستگی بین غلظت فلزات و اندازه طول کل و وزن ماهی سفید به‌دست آمد: برای Cd با طول کل (46/0-r=) و با وزن ماهی (51/0-r=)، برای As با طول کل (30/0r=) و با وزن ماهی (27/0r=) به‌ترتیب همبستگی منفی و مثبت نشان داد، اما فلزات جیوه و سرب با پارامترهای زیست‌سنجی، همبستگی نشان نداد. مقایسه نتایج حاضر با استانداردهای جهانی نشان داد که چهار فلز سمی کادمیم، آرسنیک، سرب و جیوه کمتر از غلظت استانداردهای WHO و FAO بوده است. یافته‌ها نشان داد که پارامترهای ارزیابی خطر سلامت (EDI، HQ و THQ) برای همه فلزات بسیار پایین‌تر از مقادیر توصیه شده است. این امر نشان داد که مصرف ماهی سفید دریای خزر در منطقه مورد مطالعه هیچ‌گونه اثر نامطلوبی بر سلامت انسان ناشی از آلودگی فلزات سمی نداشته است. 2 In this article, the total concentration of toxic heavy metals such as lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), and arsenic (As), which are mandatory elements of the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), were determined to measure the health of the edible tissue of the Caspian Sea Rutilus kutum. 90 samples of Rutilus kutum were collected in three northern provinces (Gilan, Mazandaran, and Golestan) during 2021-2022. The concentration of Pb, Cd, Hg, and As of Caspian Sea Rutilus kutum samples were prepared by standard method and acid digestion. All samples were analyzed using flame, graphite furnace, and cold steam of the atomic absorption spectroscopy instrument. The results showed that 90% of all data samples (90th percentile) concentration of toxic metals in Rutilus kutum tissue decreased in the order of Cd >As>Hg>Pb. The amounts of Cd, As, Pb, and Hg in Rutilus kutum tissue were observed at not detected-0.31, 0.001-0.15, 0.001-0.060, and 0.001-0.020 mg/kg wet body weight, respectively. Also, the statistical analysis showed that two types of correlations were found between the concentration of metals and the total length and weight of Rutilus kutum: for Cd with total length (r=-0.46) and with fish weight (r=-0.51), for As with total length (r=0.30) and with fish weight (r=0.27), It showed negative and positive, respectively, but mercury and lead metals did not show correlation with biometric parameters. Comparing the current results with international standards showed that the four toxic metals Cd and As, Pb, and Hg were lower than the FAO and WHO standards concentration. The findings showed that the health risk assessment parameters (EDI, HQ, and THQ) for all metals were much lower than the recommended values. This showed that the consumption of Caspian Rutilus kutum in the study area did not have any adverse effects on human health due to the contamination of toxic metals. 51 61 2023/11/232024/01/22024/02/172023/12/132023/09/22 1402/6/31 2024/02/292024/02/292024/02/292024/03/52024/03/16 1402/12/26 یزدان مرادی Yazdan Morady موسسه تحقیقات علوم شیلاتی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی ، تهران، ایران Iran ymorady@yahoo.com حسن نصراله زاده ساروی Hassan Nasrollahzadeh Saravi پژوهشکده اکولوژی دریای خزر، موسسه تحقیقات علوم شیلاتی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی ، ساری، ایران Iran hnsaravi@yahoo.com مینا سیف زاده Mina Seifzadeh مرکز ملی تحقیقات فرآوری آبزیان، پ‍ژوهشکده آبزی پروری آب های داخلی، موسسه تحقیقات علوم شیلاتی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی ، انزلی، ایران Iran m_seifzadeh_ld@yahoo.com مریم رضائی Maryam Rezaei پژوهشکده اکولوژی دریای خزر، موسسه تحقیقات علوم شیلاتی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی ، ساری، ایران Iran maryam_rezaei_83@yahoo.com غلامرضا دریانبرد Gholamrezad Daryanabard پژوهشکده اکولوژی دریای خزر، موسسه تحقیقات علوم شیلاتی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی ، ساری، ایران Iran daryanabard@gmail.com شراره فیروزکندیان Sharareh Firuzkandian پژوهشکده اکولوژی دریای خزر، موسسه تحقیقات علوم شیلاتی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی ، ساری، ایران Iran shfiruzkandian@yahoo.com Heavy metals Edible tissue Caspian Sea whitefish Health risk assessment فلزات سنگین بافت خوراکی ماهی سفید دریای خزر ارزیابی ریسک خطر Abbas, M.M.M., EL Sharkawy, S.M., Mohamed, H.R., Elaraby, B.E., Shaban, W.M., Metwally, M.G. and Farrag, D.M.G., 2023. 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مقاله علمی – پژوهشی:‌ سن، رشد و مقدار زی‌توده ماهی کفال طلایی (Chelon aurata Risso, 1810) در آبهای ایرانی دریای خزر Age, growth and biomass of the golden gray mullet (Chelon aurata, Risso., 1810) in Iranian waters of the Caspian Sea 1 1 این تحقیق به ‌منظور تعیین ترکیب طولی، سنی، محاسبه پارامترهای رشد و مرگ‌و‌میر و محاسبه مقدار زی‌توده ماهی کفال طلایی در آبهای ایرانی دریای خزر طی سال‌های بهره‌برداری 02ـ1401 انجام شد. داده‌های زیست‌سنجی در طول فصل صید از ترکیب صید شرکت‌های تعاونی صیادی پره در استان‌های گیلان، مازندران و گلستان گردآوری گردید. میانگین (± انحراف معیار) طول چنگالی و وزن کل ماهی کفال طلایی به‌ترتیب 8/4±9/29 سانتی‌متر و 0/143±7/305 گرم محاسبه شد. دامنه سنی 11-2 ساله بوده و بیش از 4/74 درصد از ترکیب سنی شامل ماهیان 4-3 ساله با میانگین (± انحراف معیار) طول چنگالی به‌ترتیب 1/5±3/26 و 6/5±3/31 سانتی‌متر بودند. رابطه طول چنگالی و وزن کل ضریب همبستگی طول چنگالی و وزن کل 97/0 و مقادیر a و b به‌ترتیب 018/0 و 836/2 محاسبه شد. براساس معادله رشد ون برتالانفی مقدار ضریب رشد سالانه (K)، طول بی‌نهایت (∞L) و سن در طول صفر (t0) به‌ترتیب 14/0 در سال، 0/64 سانتی‌متر و 02/1- سال تعیین شد. پارامترهای مرگ‌و‌میر کل (Z)، طبیعی (M) و صیادی (F) به‌ترتیب 95/0، 30/0 و 65/0 محاسبه شد. مقدار زی‌توده ماهی کفال طلایی حدود 5/12155 تن محاسبه و برآورد گردید. این تحقیق اطلاعات ارزشمندی را در راستای مدیریت پایدار و حفاظت از ذخایر ماهی کفال طلایی در آبهای ایرانی دریای خزر ارائه می‌کند. 2 This research was carried out in order to determine the length and age composition, calculate growth and mortality parameters and calculate the biomass of golden gray mullet in the Iranian waters of the Caspian Sea during the year of 2022-2023. The biometric data were collected from beach seine fishing cooperatives in the Guilan, Mazandaran, and Golestan provinces. The mean (± SD) fork length and total weight were measured at 29.9±4.8 cm and 305.7±143.0 g, respectively. The age range was 2 to 11 years, and more than 74.4% of the age group were 3 to 4 years with the mean (± SD) fork length of 26.3±5.1 and 31.3±5.6 cm, respectively. In the relationship between fork length and total weight, the values of a and b were calculated as 0.018 and 2.836, respectively, with a correlation coefficient of 0.97. Growth parameters, including the von Bertalanffy growth equation constants (K, L∞, and t0), were determined as 0.14 (/year), 64.0 cm, and -1.02, respectively. Mortality parameters, encompassing total mortality (Z), natural mortality (M), and fishing mortality (F), were calculated as 0.95, 0.30, and 0.65, respectively. The biomass of golden gray mullet was determined 12155.5 tons. This research provides valuable information in the direction of sustainable management and protection of golden gray mullet stocks in the Iranian waters of the Caspian Sea. 63 72 2023/11/232024/01/22024/02/172023/12/132023/09/222024/01/14 1402/10/24 2024/02/292024/02/292024/02/292024/03/52024/03/162024/02/29 1402/12/10 غلامرضا دریانبرد Gholam Reza Daryanabard پژوهشکده اکولوژی دریای خزر Iran daryanabard@gmail.com حسن فضلی Hassan Fazli پژوهشکده اکولوژی دریای خزر Iran hn_fazli@yahoo.com سیدعباس حسینی Sayed Abbas Hossaini مرکز تحقیقات ذخایر آبزیان آبهای داخلی Iran ab_hossaini@yahoo.com اکبر پورغلامی مقدم Akbar Poorgholami Moghadam پژوهشکده آبزی‌پروری آب‌های داخلی Iran pourgholami_yas@yahoo.com Golden gray mullet Growth and mortality parameters Biomass Caspian Sea کفال طلایی پارامترهای رشد مرگ‌و‌میر زی‌توده دریای خزر Afshin Nia, M., 1999. Statistical methods and their application in science. Tarrahan publication. Tehran. 626 P. (in Persian)##Aslan Parviz, H., 1991. Mullets of the Caspian Sea. Aquatic Monthly, 14:20-25. (]n Persian)##Biswas, S.P., 1993. Manual of methods in fish biology. South Asian publishers PVT Ltd, New Delhi. 157 P.##Daryanabard, Gh., 2009. Stock assessment of the bony fishes in Iranian coastal waters of the Caspian Sea (2005-2007). Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute. Tehran. 158 P. (in Persian)##Daryanabard, Gh., 2013. Survey on biological characteristics of bony fishes in Southern part of the Caspian Sea. Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute. Tehran. 132 P. (in Persian)##Daryanabard, Gh., 2015. Geographical distribution of commercial bony fishes in Iranian waters of the Caspian Sea. Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute. Tehran. 63 P. (in Persian)##Daryanabard, Gh., 2020. Investigating the reproduction characteristics of kutum and golden grey mullet in the Caspian Sea coast of Iran. Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute. Tehran. 63 P. (in Persian)##Fazli, H., Janbaz, A., Taleshian, H. and Bagherzadeh, F., 2008. Maturity and fecundity of golden grey mullet (Liza aurata Risso, 1810) in Iranian waters of the Caspian Sea. Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 24:610-613. DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0426.2008.01098.x ##Fazli, H., 2011. Stock assessment of the bony fishes in Iranian coastal waters of the Caspian Sea (2010-2007). Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute. Tehran. 90 P. (in Persian) ##Fazli, H., 2018. Stock assessment of Caspian mullets in the Iranian waters of the Caspian Sea (2015-2017). Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute. Tehran. 53 P. (in Persian)## ##Fazli, H., 2021. Stock assessment and fishing status of bony fish in the Southern Caspian Sea (2019-2020). Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute. Tehran. 78 P. (in Persian)##Fazli, H., 2023. Stock assessment and providing a precautionary approach for sustainable harvesting of bony fish stocks in the southern part of the Caspian Sea (Iranian part) (2020-2022). Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute. Tehran. 78 P. (in Persian)##Gayaniolo, F.C., Sparre, P. and Pauly, D., 1996. The FAO-ICLARM stock assessment tools (FISAT). Users guide. FAO. Computerized Information Series (Fisheries) No. 8, Rome. 126 P.##Ghaninejad, D., and Moghim, M., 1993. Stock assessment of the bony fishes in the Caspian Sea. Guilan Fisheries Research Center. Bandar Anzali. 65 P. (in Persian)##Ghaninejad, D., Moghim, M., and Parafkandeh, F., 1996. Stock assessment of the bony fishes in the Caspian Sea (1995-1996). Iranian Fisheries Research Organization. Tehran. 73 P. (in Persian)##Ghaninejad, D., Moghim, M., and Abdolmalaki, Sh., 2001. Stock assessment of the bony fishes in the Caspian Sea (2000-2001). Guilan Fisheries Research Center. Bandar Anzali. 98 P. 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On the interrelationships between natural mortality, growth parameters and mean environmental temperature in 175 fish stock. Journal of Marine Science, 39 (2):92-175. DOI:10.1093/icesjms/39.2.175##Pauly, D., 1984. Fish population dynamics in tropical waters: A manual for use with programmable calculators. ICLARM, Manila. 325 P.##Probatov, S.N. and Tereshchenko, K.K., 1951. The Caspian Sea mullets and its fisheries. Pishchepromizdat, Moscow. 115 P.##Ricker, W.E., 1975. Computation and interpretation of biological statistics of fish populations. Bulletin of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, Canada. 400 P.##Sparre, P., Ursin, E. and Venema, S. C., 1989. Introduction to tropical fish stock assessment. Part 1. Manual FAO fisheries Technical Paper No. 306/1, Italy. 333 P.##Von Bertalanffy, L., 1938. A quantitative theory of organic growth. Human Biology,. 10(2):181-213.##Zhang, C.I. and Sullivan, P.J., 1988. Biomass-based cohort analysis that incorporates growth. 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مقاله علمی – پژوهشی:‌ ترکیبات تقریبی دو گونه خیاردریایی Holothuria leucospilota وStichopus herrmanni طی چهار فصل در خلیج چابهار (دریای عمان) Investigating the approximate composition of two species of sea cucumbers, Holothuria leucospilota and Stichopus hermanni, in Chabahar Bay during four seasons 1 1 دانش ترکیبات تقریبی بی‌مهرگان مانند خیار دریایی به بهبود درک ما از اهمیت غذایی این موجودات زنده کمک می‌کند. در این مطالعه به بررسی ترکیبات تقریبی (پروتئین،. چربی، خاکستر و رطوبت) دو گونه خیار دریایی Holothuria leucospilota وStichopus herrmanni  در خلیج چابهار طی 4 فصل سال 1400 بر اساس روش‌های استاندارد پرداخته شد. خیارهای دریایی پس از جمع‌آوری به آزمایشگاه منتقل شدند. برای تجزیه‌وتحلیل ترکیبات تقریبی 20 گرم عضله برای هر نمونه استفاده شد. تجزیه‌وتحلیل (در سه تکرار) برای بررسی ترکیبات تقریبی انجام شد. نتایج نشان داد که درصد پروتئین از چربی در هر دو گونه خیار بالاتر بود و درصد پروتئین و چربی در گونه H. leucospilota بیشتر از S. hermanni بود به‌طوری‌که بیشترین پروتئین خام در فصل تابستان برای گونه H. leucospilota (54/0±72/7درصد) و کمترین مقدار برای گونه S. hermanni در فصل بهار (26/0±23/3درصد) ثبت شد. بیشترین چربی نیز برای فصل بهار (29/0±56/4 درصد) در گونه H. leucospilota و کمترین در فصل زمستان (66/0±47/1 درصد) برای گونه S. hermanni مشاهده شد. درصد رطوبت و خاکستر در گونه S. hermanni بیشتر از H. leucospilota بود. بیشترین درصد رطوبت برای فصل تابستان (۴۵/0±۰۹/۸۷ درصد) در گونه S. hermanni و کمترین برای فصل زمستان (۴۸/0±۶۳/۸۱ درصد) در گونه H. leucospilota بود. بیشترین خاکستر در فصل پاییز (49/0±81/4 درصد) برای گونه S. hermanni و کمترین برای گونه H. leucospilota در فصل تابستان (28/0±23/1 درصد) بود. گونه H. leucospilota در مقایسه با گونه موردمطالعه دیگر به دلیل دارابودن ارزش کالری بالا و محتوای پروتئین خام کافی، ازنظر تغذیه‌ای مناسب‌تر است. 2 Knowledge of the proximate composition of invertebrates such as sea cucumbers helps to improve our understanding of the nutritional importance of these organisms. In this study, the approximate composition (protein, fat, ash, and moisture) of two species of sea cucumbers, Holothuria leucospilota and Stichopus herrmanni, in Chabahar Bay during 4 seasons of 2022, was investigated based on standard methods. Sea cucumbers were transported to the laboratory after collection. Approximately 20 grams of muscle was used for each sample. Analysis (in triplicate) was performed to check the proximate compounds. The results showed that the percentage of protein than fat was higher in both cucumber species and the percentage of protein and fat in H. leucospilota species was higher than S. hermanni, so that the highest crude protein in the summer season was for H. leucospilota species (72±0.54). 7.7%) and the lowest value was recorded for S. hermanni in spring season (3.23±0.26%). The highest fat content was observed in the spring season (4.56±0.29%) in H. leucospilota species and the lowest in winter season (1.47±0.66%) in S. hermanni species. The percentage of moisture and ash was higher in S. hermanni species than H. leucospilota. The highest humidity percentage was for summer season (87.09±0.45%) in S. hermanni species and the lowest for winter season (81.63±0.48%) in H. leucospilota species. The highest amount of ash was in autumn (4.81±0.49%) for S. hermanni and the lowest for H. leucospilota in summer (1.23±0.28%). Compared to the other studied species, H. leucospilota species is nutritionally more suitable due to its high caloric value and sufficient crude protein content. 73 83 2023/11/232024/01/22024/02/172023/12/132023/09/222024/01/142023/04/5 1402/1/16 2024/02/292024/02/292024/02/292024/03/52024/03/162024/02/292024/02/29 1402/12/10 آرش شکوری arash shakoori دانشگاه دریانوردی و علوم دریایی چابهار Iran aarash220@yahoo.com فاطمه اربابی fatemeh arbabi دانشگاه دریانوردی و علوم دریایی چابهار Iran fatii.arbabi@gmail.com شهاب راهول shahab rahul دانشگاه دریانوردی و علوم دریایی چابهار Iran shahabrahul@gmail.com Sea cucumber Chabahar Bay Holothuria leucospilota Stichopus herrmanni خیار دریایی ترکیبات تقریبی Holothuria leucospilota Stichopus herrmanni خلیج چابهار AOAC, 2005. Official Methods of Analysis (18th edition) Association of Official Analytical, Chemists International, Maryland, USA.##Ardiansyah, A., Rasyid, A., Siahaan, E. A., Pangetistu, R. and Murniasih, T., 2020. Nutritional value and heavy metals content of sea cucumber Holothuria scabra commercially harvested in Indonesia. Current Research in Nutrition and Food ## Science Journal, 8(3):765-773. DOI:10.12944/CRNFSJ.8.3.09##Aydın, M., Sevgili, H., Tufan, B., Emre, Y. and Köse, S., 2011. Proximate composition and fatty acid profile of three different fresh and dried commercial sea cucumbers from Turkey. International Journal of Food Science and Technology, 46(3), 500-508. DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2621.2010.02512.x##Azad, S.A., Muhamad Shaleh, S.R. and Siddiquee, S., 2017. Comparison of fatty acid and proximate composition between Holothuria edulis and Holothuria scabra collected from coastal water of Sabah, Malaysia. Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology, 8(03), 91-103. DOI:10.4236/abb.2017.83007##Barzkar, N., Attaran Fariman, G. and Taheri, A., 2017. Proximate composition and mineral contents in the body wall of two species of sea cucumber from Oman Sea. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 24(23), 18907-18911. DOI:10.1007/s11356-017-9379-5##Bordbar, S., Anwar, F. and Saari, N., 2011. High-value components and bioactives from sea cucumbers for functional foods—a review. Marine drugs, 9(10), 1761-1805. DOI:10.3390/md9101761##Ceesay, A., Nor Shamsudin, M., Aliyu-Paiko, M., Ismail, I.S., Nazarudin, M.F. and Mohamed Alipiah, N., 2019. Extraction and characterization of organ components of the Malaysian sea cucumber Holothuria leucospilota yielded bioactives exhibiting diverse properties. BioMed Research International. (4),1-16. DOI:10.1155/2019/2640684##Du, H., Bao, Z., Hou, R., Wang, S., Su, H., Yan, J. and Hu, J., 2012. Transcriptome sequencing and characterization for the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus (Selenka, 1867). PloS one, 7(3), e33311. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0033311##Hafezieh, M., Jamili, Sh., Dadgar, Sh., 2018. Changes of sea cucumber (Holothruia leucospilota) proximate composition during geographical- seasonal variation in the Persian Gulf and Oman sea waters. Iranian Scientific Fisheries Journal, 27(4), 13-24. DOI:10.22092/ISFJ.2018.117453 [In Persian]##Higgins, M., 2000. Sea cucumbers in a deep pickle. Environmental News Network 30 P.##Ketharani, U. and Sivashanthini, K., 2017. Nutritional composition of selected species of sea cucumbers from waters around Jaffna Peninsula, Sri Lanka. Vingnanam Journal of Science, 13(1-2):67. DOI:10.4038/vingnanam.v13i1-2.4123. ##Li, M., Qi, Y., Mu, L., Li, Z., Zhao, Q., Sun, J. and Jiang, Q., 2019. Effects of processing method on chemical compositions and nutritional quality of ready‐to‐eat sea cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus). Food Science and Nutrition, 7(2), 755-763. DOI:10.1002/fsn3.921##Mamelona, J., Pelletier, E., Girard-Lalancette, K., Legault, J., Karboune, S. and Kermasha, S., 2007. Quantification of phenolic contents and antioxidant capacity of Atlantic sea cucumber, Cucumaria frondosa. Food Chemistry, 104(3), 1040-1047. DOI:10.1016/j.foodchem.2007.01.016##Neto, R.R., Wolff, G.A., Billett, D.S., Mackenzie, K.L. and Thompson, A., 2006. The influence of changing food supply on the lipid biochemistry of deep-sea holothurians. Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers, 53(3), 516-527. DOI:10.1016/j.dsr.2005.12.001##Nguyen T.N.A., Ly V.K., Tran D.D., 2022. Proximate composition and amino acid profiles of sea cucumbers collected at Nam Du Island, Kien Giang province, Vietnam. AACL Bioflux 15(5):2551-2559.##Nishanthan, G., de Croos D., Prasada, D.V.P., Kumara, P.A.D.A. and Dissanayake, D.C.T., 2018. Effects of processing on proximate and fatty acid compositions of six commercial sea cucumber species of Sri Lanka. Journal of Food Science and Technology, 55(5), 1933-1941. DOI:10.1007/s13197-018-3111-4##Oedjoe, M.D.R., 2017. Composition of nutritional content of sea cucumbers (Holothuroidea) in mania waters, Sabu Raijua Regency, East Nusa Tenggara. Journal of Aquaculture Research and Development, 8(7). DOI:10.4172/2155-9546.1000502##Omran, N.E.S., 2013. Nutritional value of some Egyptian sea cucumbers. African Journal of Biotechnology, 12(35), 5466-5472. DOI:10.5897/AJB2013.13020##Rodríguez-Forero, A., Medina-Lambraño, K. and Acosta-Ortíz, E., 2021. Variations in the proximate composition of the sea cucumber, Isostichopus sp. aff badionotus. International Aquatic Research, 13(4), 241-252. DOI:10.22034/IAR.2021.1927247.1159##Salarzadeh, A.R., Afkhami, M., Bastami, K.D., Ehsanpour, M., Khazaali, A. and Mokhleci, A., 2012. Proximate composition of two sea cucumber species Holothuria pavra and Holothuria arenicola in Persian Gulf. Annals of Biological Research, 3(3), 1305-1311.##Salunkhe, D.K. and Deshpande, S.S., 1991. Foods of plant origin: production, technology, and human nutrition. 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مقاله علمی – پژوهشی:‌ ساختار جمعیت دوکفه‌ای Mytilaster lineatus (Gmelin, 1791) در سازه‌‌های مصنوعی بنادر جنوب غربی دریای کاسپین Population structure of the bivalve Mytilaster lineatus (Gmelin, 1791) in the artificial constructions of ports in the southwestern of Caspian Sea 1 1 سواحل صخره‌ای یا سازه‌های مصنوعی افزایش تنوع جانوری ثابت و متحرک را به‌همراه دارند. در سواحل جنوبی دریای خزر این مناطق به صورت مصنوعی ایجاد شده‌‌اند. دو کفه‌‌ای Mytilaster lineatus یکی از گونه‌‌های غیر بومی دریای خزر بوده که از پراکنش وسیعی نیز در سواحل جنوبی آن برخوردار است. در این بررسی سطح مشخصی از دیواره‌های موج شکن در دو منطقه بندر انزلی و بندر کاسپین تراش داده شد و از همه موجودات پاکسازی شدند. ساختار جمعیت، رشد و تغییرات فراوانی گونه M. lineatus به صورت فصلی در واحدهای نمونه‌برداری مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. داخل محوطه اسکله بندر انزلی گونه M. lineatus قادر به استقرار و رشد نبود، اما در محوطه اسکله بندر کاسپین پس از استقرار، کاهش فراوانی و تراکم آن مشاهده شد. در هر دو بخش دریایی مناطق مذکور افزایش تدریجی فراوانی و زی‌توده دوکفه‌‌ای مشاهده شد. پنج ماه پس از شروع بررسی‌‌ها، تمام کلاسه‌‌های طولی در ساختار جمعیت گونه مشاهده شده و اندازه ارتفاعی بالاتر از 13 میلی‌متر در جمعیت دیده شد. یکسال پس از اولین دور نمونه‌برداری، حداکثر طول 13/17 میلی‌متر مشاهده شد. میزان رشد در تابستان – پائیز حدود 075/0 میلی‌متر در روز محاسبه گردید. زی‌توده پس از یکسال در حد 2 کیلوگرم در متربع بوده که نشانگر مهاجم بودن شدید گونه در مناطق جنوبی خزر است. حضور این گونه در نواحی دورتر از ساحل می‌‌تواند منابع غذایی مورد نیاز ماهیانی همچون گونه‌های خاویاری و ماهی سفید را تأمین نماید که با طرح ایجاد زیستگاه‌های مصنوعی قابل بررسی است. 2 Rocky shores or artificial structures increase the diversity of sessile and mobile fauna. On the Southern shores of the Caspian Sea, these areas have been constructed artificially. The bivalve Mytilaster lineatus is one of the non-native species of the Caspian Sea, which widely distributed in the southern coasts. In this investigation, a certain level of the breakwater walls in in both regions of the Anzali port and the Caspian port were scraped and cleaned off all organisms. The population structure, growth, and abundance of M. lineatus were seasonally investigated in the sampling units. M. lineatus species was not present inside the port area of Anzali region, while it was established in the marina area of the Caspian port but its abundance was gradually decreased. A gradually increase in the abundance and biomass of the bivalves was observed in both marine parts of the mentioned regions. Five months after the beginning of survey, all length classes were observed in the population after five months and the height length of 13 mm present in the specimens. One year after the first sampling, the maximum length was 17.13 mm. The growth rate in summer-autumn was calculated at about 0.075 mm per day. After one year, the biomass was about 2 kg per square meter, which shows that this species is extremely invasive in the southern Caspian regions. The abundance of this species in areas far from the coast can provide the food resources for many species such as sturgeon fish and Kutum, which can be investigated by a pilot program with creating artificial habitats. 85 93 2023/11/232024/01/22024/02/172023/12/132023/09/222024/01/142023/04/52024/02/3 1402/11/14 2024/02/292024/02/292024/02/292024/03/52024/03/162024/02/292024/02/292024/02/29 1402/12/10 فریبرز صیاد اوغلی Fariborz Sayyadoghly گروه زیست شناسی، دانشکده علوم پایه، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران Iran fariborz.sayyadoghly@yahoo.com نادر شعبانی پور Nader Shabanipour گروه زیست شناسی، دانشکده علوم پایه، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران Iran shabani@guilan.ac.ir علیرضا میرزاجانی Alireza ءirzajani پژوهشکده آبزی پروری آبهای داخلی، موسسه تحقیقات علوم شیلاتی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات و آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، بندرانزلی، ایران Iran armirzajani@gmail.com Mussels Invasive species Abundance Growth Bandar Anzali port Caspian port صدف گونه مهاجم فراوانی رشد بندر انزلی بندر کاسپین Birshtein, A., Vinogradov, L., Kondakov, N., Kun, M., Astahova, T. and Romanova, N., 1968. Atlas bespozvonochnyh Kaspijskogo morja [Atlas of invertebrates of the Caspian Sea]. Pishhevaja Promyshlennost’, Мoscow.413 P. (in Russian)##Fauvel, P., 1923. Un nouveau serpulien d'eau saumâtre Mercierella n. g. enigmatica n. sp.. Bulletin de la Société zoologique de France,47:424-430.##Grigorovich, I.A., Therriault, T.W. and MacIsaac, H.J., 2003. History of aquatic invertebrate invasions in the Caspian Sea. Marine bioinvasions: Patterns, processes and perspectives. pp.103-115.##Heiler, K.C., Nahavandi, N. and Albrecht, C., 2010. A new invasion into an ancient lake-the invasion history of the dreissenid mussel Mytilopsis leucophaeata (Conrad, 1831) and its first record in the Caspian Sea. Malacologia, 53:185-192.## Hossieni, A., Roohi, A., Ganjian, K.A., Roshantabari, M., Hashemian, A., Solimanroudi, A., Nasrollazadeh, H.S., Najafpour, S., Varedi, F. and A., V., 1998. Hydrology and Hydrobiology of the southern Caspian Sea. Sari, Iran, 303 P. 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مقاله علمی – پژوهشی:‌ مقایسه شاخص‌‌های تولیدمثلی بین و درون جمعیت‌‌های مختلف کپور معمولی (Cyprinus carpio) Comparing the reproductive indices between and within different common carp (Cyprinus carpio) populations 1 1 هدف این مطالعه، مقایسه شاخص‌‌های تولیدمثلی مولدین بین و درون (تیمار شاهد و منتخب) چهار جمعیت‌‌ مختلف کپور معمولی با منشاء تاتا مجارستان (TATA)، شمال ایران، چین (RAN) و جنوب ایران (خوزستان) است. تیمار شاهد در هر جمعیت شامل میانگین جمعیت مولدین و تیمار منتخب شامل 30 درصد بالای میانگین (جدای از ماهیان شوتر با رشد بی‌رویه و خارج از نرم جامعه) جهت محاسبه پیشرفت ژنتیکی در نظر گرفته شد. شاخص‌‌های تولیدمثلی نر و ماده به‌ترتیب با ارزیابی کیفیت اسپرم (اسپرماتوکریت، تراکم اسپرم، درصد تحرک و طول دوره تحرک اسپرم) و با اندازه‌گیری هم‌‌آوری کاری و نسبی، قطر تخمک و تخم آب کشیده، نرخ لقاح و تفریخ، نرخ بازماندگی لارو و اندازه لارو پس از خروج از تخم بررسی شد. نتایج نشان داد که با وجود هم‌‌آوری بالا در جمعیت جنوب ایران، کمترین اندازه قطر تخم و نرخ بازماندگی لارو در این جمعیت دیده شد (05/0p<). اگرچه جمعیت با منشأ چین (شاهد و منتخب) دارای کمترین حجم اسپرم استحصالی، کمترین تراکم اسپرم در هر میلی لیتر و کمترین درصد اسپرماتوکریت بین جمعیت‌‌های مختلف بود، اما تیمار منتخب بیشترین درصد اسپرم متحرک و مدت زمان تحرک تا ایستایی کامل را از آن خود کرده بود که منجر به بیشترین درصد لقاح متعلق به این جمعیت گردید (05/0p<). بیشترین نرخ بازماندگی 24 ساعت پس از تفریخ در جمعیت‌‌های با منشاء چین (شاهد و منتخب) و شمال ایران شاهد و کمترین آن در جمعیت تاتا (شاهد و منتخب)، شمال ایران-منتخب و جنوب ایران مشاهده شد (05/0p<). بالاترین نرخ بازماندگی لارو 72 ساعت پس از تفریخ در جمعیت چینی شاهد دیده می‌‌شود، هرچند تفاوت معنی‌‌داری با جمعیت‌‌های شمال ایران (شاهد و منتخب) و تاتا-شاهد ندارد. اما اختلاف آن با جمعیت‌‌های جنوب ایران، تاتا-منتخب و منشأ چین-منتخب معنی‌‌دار است (05/0p<). اندازه لارو در جمعیت تاتا منتخب و شمال ایران شاهد و جنوب ایران منتخب کوچکتر از سایر جمعیت‌‌هاست (05/0p<). اندازه لارو در جمعیت شمال ایران بین تیمار شاهد و منتخب تفاوت معنی‌‌داری ندارد، اما در جمعیت چینی و تاتا به‌‌ طور معنی‌‌داری در شاهد بیشتر از منتخب است. یافته‌ها نشان داد که انتخاب مولدین بزرگ‌تر بر شاخص‌‌های تولیدمثل درون جمعیت‌‌ها و میزان بقاء لاروی در نسل F1 تأثیری نداشت. با این‌حال، اندازه لارو را بهبود بخشید. جمعیت چینی و شمال ایران به‌ترتیب در شاخص‌های تولیدمثلی جنس نر و ماده دارای بهترین عملکرد بودند و شاید ارزش آن را داشته باشد که دورگه‌‌گیری بین این دو جمعیت مطالعه شود. 2 This study aimed to compare reproductive indices of broodstocks between and within (control and selected treatments) four different populations common carp of Hungarian-originated (TATA), North Iran, China-originated (RAN), and South Iran (Khuzestan). Control and selected treatments in each population comprised the average of the broodstock population and those chosen deliberately from 30% above the population mean (apart from shooter fish with excessive growth and out of the normal range), respectively, to calculate the genetic progress. Male and female reproductive indices were checked respectively by evaluating sperm quality (spermatocrit, sperm density per milliliter, percentage of motile sperm, and motility duration) and measuring working and relative fecundity, ovum and hydrated egg diameter, fertilization rate, hatching rate, the larval survival rate, and larval size after hatching. The results showed that, despite the high fecundity in the South Iran population, it has the lowest egg diameter and larval survival rate (p<0.05). Although the China-originated (control and selected treatments) population had the lowest sperm volume, sperm density per milliliter, and percentage of spermatocrit among different populations, the selected-treatment had the highest motile sperm percentage and the motility duration, which resulted in the most elevated fertilization rate belonging to it (p<0.05). The highest survival rate 24 hours post-hatching was observed in China-originated (control and selected) and North Iran-control, and the lowest in TATA (control and selected), North Iran-selected, and South Iran populations (p<0.05). China-originated control population gained the highest larval survival rate 72 hours after hatching. Although it did not differ significantly with the North Iran (control and selected) and TATA-control (p>0.05) populations, it has meaningful difference with the South Iran, TATA-selected, and China-originated-selected (p<0.05). The larval size in TATA-selected, North Iran-control, and South Iran is significantly smaller than other populations (p<0.05). There is no considerable difference in larval length size of the North Iran population between the control and the selected treatments, but it is significantly more in control than selected treatments in the China-originated and TATA populations. This finding illustrated that the selective breeding of broodstocks did not affect the reproductive indices within populations and the larval survival rate in F1. However, it improved the larval size. China-originated and North Iran populations performed satisfactorily in male and female reproductive indices, respectively, and it is worth bringing into mind hybridization between the two populations in future studies. 95 110 2023/11/232024/01/22024/02/172023/12/132023/09/222024/01/142023/04/52024/02/32023/12/15 1402/9/24 2024/02/292024/02/292024/02/292024/03/52024/03/162024/02/292024/02/292024/02/292024/02/29 1402/12/10 سمیرا ناظم رعایا Samira Nazemroaya پژوهشکده آبزی‌پروری جنوب کشور، مؤسسه تحقیقات علوم شیلاتی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، اهواز، ایران Iran samira.nazemroaya@gmail.com سیدعبدالصاحب مرتضوی زاده Seyed Abdolsaheb Mortezavizadeh پژوهشکده آبزی‌پروری جنوب کشور، مؤسسه تحقیقات علوم شیلاتی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، اهواز، ایران Iran saheb.mortezavi@gmail.com آیه سادات صدر Ayeh Sadat Sadr پژوهشکده آبزی‌پروری جنوب کشور، مؤسسه تحقیقات علوم شیلاتی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، اهواز، ایران Iran AyehSadr@gmail.com محمد یونس زاده فشالمی Mohammad Youneszadeh Feshalami پژوهشکده آبزی‌پروری جنوب کشور، مؤسسه تحقیقات علوم شیلاتی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، اهواز، ایران Iran m_yooneszadeh@yahoo.com فرخ امیری Farokh Amiri پژوهشکده آبزی‌پروری جنوب کشور، مؤسسه تحقیقات علوم شیلاتی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، اهواز، ایران Iran f.amiri@yahoo.com فاطمه حکمت پور Fatemeh Hekmatpour پژوهشکده آبزی‌پروری جنوب کشور، مؤسسه تحقیقات علوم شیلاتی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، اهواز، ایران Iran hekmatpourf@gmail.com حسین هوشمند Hossein Houshmand پژوهشکده آبزی‌پروری جنوب کشور، مؤسسه تحقیقات علوم شیلاتی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، اهواز، ایران Iran houshmand.hossein@gmail.com مینا آهنگرزاده Mina Ahangarzadeh پژوهشکده آبزی‌پروری جنوب کشور، مؤسسه تحقیقات علوم شیلاتی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، اهواز، ایران Iran m.ahangarzadeh@yahoo.com فرحناز کیان ارثی Farahnaz Kianersi پژوهشکده آبزی‌پروری جنوب کشور، مؤسسه تحقیقات علوم شیلاتی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، اهواز، ایران Iran farahnaz.kianersi@gmail.com محمود بهمنی Mahmoud Bahmani مؤسسه تحقیقات علوم شیلاتی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران Iran mahmoudbahmani@yahoomail.com محمود حافظیه Mahmoud Hafezieh مؤسسه تحقیقات علوم شیلاتی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران Iran jhafezieh@ifro.ir منصور شریفیان Mansour Sharifian مؤسسه تحقیقات علوم شیلاتی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران Iran sharif_23m@yahoo.com الهام جرفی Elham Jorfi مؤسسه تحقیقات علوم شیلاتی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران Iran ejorfi@gmail.com Breeding Carp broodstock Reproduction Fecundity Egg Sperm اصلاح نژاد مولد کپور تکثیر هماوری تخمک اسپرم Alavi, S.M.H., 2008. 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مقاله علمی – پژوهشی:‌ تجزیه‌وتحلیل کمی و کیفی پروفایل اسیدهای چرب عضله قزل‌آلای رنگین‌کمان (Oncorhynchus mykiss) پرورش یافته در آب شیرین و لب شور با چهار نوع خوراک مختلف Quantitative and qualitative analysis of fatty acids profile of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) cultured in freshwater and brackish water with four different types of feed 1 1 مقایسه سطوح اسیدهای چرب قزل‌آلای رنگین‌کمان پرورش‌یافته در آب لب شور و آب شیرین در منطقه جنوب دریای خزر با استفاده از چهار نوع خوراک تجاری انجام شد. ماهیان با تراکم و بیوماس مساوی به مدت 90 روز پرورش داده شدند. وزن ماهیان در شروع پرورش 500 گرم بود و در پایان دوره پرورش به بیش از 1700 گرم رسیدند. در پایان دوره پرورش برای تعیین پروفایل اسید چرب، از ماهیچه پشتی بافت خوراکی ماهیان به تعداد 5 قطعه از هر مزرعه نمونه‌برداری شد. نتایج نشان داد که محیط پرورش علاوه بر این‌که بر میزان رشد ماهی و بازدهی خوراک تأثیر داشته بلکه بر ترکیب پروفایل اسید چرب گوشت ماهی نیز مؤثر بوده ‌‌است. افزایش وزن ماهی در آب شیرین حداکثر 1025 گرم و در آب لب شور 1291 گرم به‌‌ترتیب با ضریب تبدیل غذایی 32/1-27/1 و 1-97/0 به‌دست آمد (05/0>p). نرخ بازدهی خوراک در آب شیرین 97/1-07/1 و در آب لب شور 59/2-29/2 به‌دست آمد (05/0>p). مجموع اسیدهای چرب اشباع ماهی در آب شیرین (07/1±24/22 درصد) کمتر از آب لب شور (22/0±69/25 درصد) بود (05/0>p). مجموع اسیدهای چرب غیر اشباع تک زنجیره  و چند زنجیره در مزارع مستقل از جیره و محیط پرورش متفاوت بود (05/0>p). اما میزان اسید چرب امگا 6 در حد مطلوب (26/31-52/17 درصد) و اسید چرب امگا 3 (12/0-10/0 درصد) به‌مراتب کمتر از تحقیقات مشابه خارج از کشور ایران بود. در نتیجه، در ترکیب اجزاء اولیه خوراک از مقدار کمی اسید چرب غیر اشباع امگا 3 استفاده شد. در مجموع فرآیند رشد، کارایی خوراک و گوشت ماهی قزل‌آلای رنگین‌کمان پرورش یافته در آب لب شور در محیط قفس دریایی، از کیفیت نسبتاً بهتری نسبت به ماهی پرورش یافته در آب شیرین برخوردار بودند. 2 A comparison of fatty acid levels of rainbow trout reared in brackish water and freshwater in the southern region of the Caspian Sea was done using four types of commercial feed. The fish with equal density and biomass were reared for 90 days. The fish weight was 500 g at the first of rearing, and they reached more than 1700 g at the end of the breeding period. To determine the fatty acid profile, 5 samples from each farm were taken from the dorsal muscle of the edible tissue of fish at the end of the rearing period. The results showed that the rearing environment, in addition to affecting fish growth and feed efficiency, also affected the meat composition of the fatty acid profile of fish meat. The maximum weight gain of the fish in freshwater was 1025 g, and in brackish water was 1291 g with a food conversion ratio of 1.27-1.32 and 0.97-1, respectively (p<0.05). The feed efficiency rate was obtained in fresh water 1.07-1.97 and in brackish water 2.29-2.59 (p<0.05). The total saturated fatty acids of fish in freshwater (22.24±1.07%) was lower than in brackish water (25.69±0.22 %) (p<0.05). The total of monounsaturated fatty acid and polyunsaturated fatty acids differed in farms independent of diet and rearing environment (p<0.05). However, the amount of omega-6 fatty acid was optimal (17.52-31.26%), and omega-3 fatty acid (0.10-0.12%) was far less than similar studies outside Iran. As a result, a small amount of omega-3 unsaturated fatty acid was used in the composition of the primary ingredients of the feed. Generally, the growth process, feed efficiency, and meat of rainbow trout raised in brackish water in a sea cage environment has relatively better quality than fish raised in freshwater. 111 122 2023/11/232024/01/22024/02/172023/12/132023/09/222024/01/142023/04/52024/02/32023/12/152024/02/17 1402/11/28 2024/02/292024/02/292024/02/292024/03/52024/03/162024/02/292024/02/292024/02/292024/02/292024/02/29 1402/12/10 سید محمد وحید فارابی Mohammad Vahid Farabi پژوهشکده اکولوژی دریای خزر، ، موسسه تحقیقات علوم شیلاتی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، ساری، صندوق پستی 961 ، ایران Iran smv_farabi@hotmail.com رضا صفری Reza Safari پژوهشکده اکولوژی دریای خزر، ، موسسه تحقیقات علوم شیلاتی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، ساری، صندوق پستی 961 ، ایران Iran safari1351@gmail.com Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Freshwater Brackish water Fatty acid Commercial pellet قزل‌آلای رنگین‌کمان آب شیرین آب لب شور اسید چرب پلت تجاری Alasalvar, C., Miyashita, K., Shahidi, F. and Wanasundara, U., 2011. 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