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مقاله علمی – پژوهشی:‌ ارزیابی کمی و کیفی آلاینده‌‌های پساب خروجی مزارع پرورش ماهی قزل‌آلای رنگین‌کمان (Oncorhynchus mykiss) در ایستگاه‌های منتخب استان کهگیلویه و بویراحمد Quantitative and qualitative evaluation of effluent pollutants from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) farms in the selected stations in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer Ahmad Province 1 1 به ‌منظور ارزیابی کیفی آلاینده‌‌های پساب خروجی مزارع پرورش ماهی قزل‌آلای رنگین‌کمان در مزارع منتخب استان کهگیلویه و بویراحمد از پنج مزرعه منفرد طی سال‌های 1401-1400 نمونه‌برداری به‌عمل آمد. شاخص‌‌های فیزیکوشیمیایی آب ( اسیدیته، اکسیژن خواهی بیولوژیک، اکسیژن محلول، هدایت الکتریکی، نیتریت، نیترات، فسفات، مجموع مواد جامد معلق، کل مواد جامد محلول، سختی کل، قلیائیت کل، آهن، اشباعیت اکسیژن)، در هر فصل یکبار از آب ورودی و پساب خروجی (هر تیمار با 3 تکرار) اندازه‌گیری شدند. بر اساس نتایج، دامنه تغییرات pH 5/93-7/29)، اکسیژن خواهی بیولوژیک (6/41-7/56 میلی‌گرم بر لیتر)، آمونیوم (0/319-0 میلی‌گرم بر لیتر)، نیتریت (0/181-0 میلی‌گرم بر لیتر)، نیترات ( 2/19-19/2میلی‌گرم بر لیتر)، فسفات ( 0/1-0/18میلی‌گرم بر لیتر)، قلیائیت کل (238-132)، اکسیژن محلول (3/35-8/11 میلی‌گرم بر لیتر)، هدایت الکتریکی (899-311 میکروزیمنس بر سانتی‌متر)، کل مواد جامد محلول (203/7-607/9) و سختی کل (157/77- 312 میلی‌گرم بر لیتر)، به‌دست آمد. داده‌ها نشان داد که میانگین غلظت پارامترهای آمونیوم، نیتریت، نیترات، فسفات، هدایت الکتریکی و کل مواد جامد محلول در پساب خروجی به علت افزایش سوخت و ساز و تراکم ماهی، غلظت مواد مغذی، داروها و ضدعفونی‌کننده‌های مورد استفاده جهت درمان عفونت و انگل ها، نوسانات جریان آب، شدت و سرعت آب در ایستگاه‌های مختلف در مقایسه با ورودی مزارع افزایش یافته و غلظت اکسیژن در پساب خروجی مزارع به دلیل فعالیت‌های متابولیسمی بیشتر نسبت به ورودی استخرهای پرورشی کاهش یافته است. همچنین به دلیل افزایش مواد آلی و نیترات و فراهم شدن شرایط اکسیداسیون، میزان اکسیژن خواهی زیست شیمیایی (BOD) و اکسیژن خواهی شیمیایی محیط (COD) افزایش یافته و اکسیژن موجود در آب مصرف شده و میزان آن کاهش یافته است. 2 In order to evaluate the quality of effluent pollutants from the rainbow trout breeding farms in the selected farms of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer Ahmad Province, water samples were taken from five individual farms during the years 2021-2022. The physical and chemical indicators of water including acidity, biological oxygen demand, dissolved oxygen, electrical conductivity, nitrite, nitrate, phosphate, total suspended solids, total dissolved solids, total hardness, alkalinity, iron, oxygen saturation were measured once in each season from the inlet and outlet water (each treatment with 3 replicates). Based on the results, the range of pH changes (5.93-7.29), biological oxygen demand (6.41-7.56 mg/l), ammonium (0-0.319 mg/l), nitrite (0-0.181 mg/l), nitrate (2.19-19.2 mg/l), phosphate (0. 1-0.18 mg/l), total alkalinity (132-238), dissolved oxygen (3.35-8.11 mg/l), electrical conductivity (311-899 microsiemens/cm), TDS (203.7-607.9), and total hardness (312-157.77 mg/l) were obtained. The results showed that the concentrations of ammonium, nitrite, nitrate, phosphate, EC, and total dissolved solids parameters in the effluent compared to the input from the different farms has increased due to the increase of metabolism, fish density, concentration of nutrients, drugs and disinfectants, intensity and speed of water and the oxygen concentration in the effluent of the farms has decreased due to more metabolic activities than the input from the rearing ponds. Also, the amount of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and environmental chemical oxygen demand (COD) were increased and the dissolved oxygen was consumed and its amount decreased due to the increase of organic substances, nitrate, and the provision of oxidation conditions. 1 13 2023/08/23 1402/6/1 2024/04/29 1403/2/10 محمد میثم صلاحی اردکانی mohammad meysam salahei ardelani سازمان تحقیقات آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی- موسسه تحقیقات علوم شیلاتی کشور-مرکز تحقیقات ژنتیک و اصلاح نژاد ماهیان سردابی یاسوج Iran mmsalahi.a@gmail.com محمود حافظیه Mahmood Hafezieh موسسه تحقیقات علوم شیلاتی کشور Iran jhafezieh@yahoo.com رقیه محمودی Roghayeh Mahmoudi سازمان تحقیقات آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی- موسسه تحقیقات علوم شیلاتی کشور-مرکز تحقیقات ژنتیک و اصلاح نژاد ماهیان سردابی یاسوج Iran roghaye.mahmodi@gmail.com سید حسین مرادیان seyed hossein moradiyan سازمان تحقیقات آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی- موسسه تحقیقات علوم شیلاتی کشور-مرکز تحقیقات ژنتیک و اصلاح نژاد ماهیان سردابی یاسوج Iran moradian2345@yahoo.com حسن نصراله زاده ساروی Hassan Nasrollazadeh Saravi 3- پژوهشکده اکولوزی دریای خزر، موسسه تحقیقات علوم شیلاتی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، ساری، ایران Iran mahmodi.roghaye@yahoo.com Environmental parameters Water quality Kohgiluyeh and Boyer Ahmad Province Rainbow trout پارامترهای محیطی کیفیت آب کهگیلویه و بویراحمد قزل‌آلای رنگین‌کمان Arjmandi, R., Karbas,i A.R. and Mogoyi, R., 2007. 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Nutrient Pollution, The Problem [website]. Washington, DC: office of Water, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (updated 16 March 2014). Available at: http://www2.epa.gov/nutrientpollut##FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations), 2022. The state of world fisheries and aquaculture.Towards Blue Transformation. Towards Blue Transformation. Rome, 266 P. DOI:10.4060/cc0461en##F.E.P.A. (Federal Environmental Protection Agency), 2003. Guidelines and Standards for Environmental Pollution Control in Nigeria. 238 p.##GEF, 2006. Water Quality in the Kura -Aras River Basin, RER/03/G41/A/1G/31: Reducing Trans - boundary Degradation of the Kura -Aras River Basin, 45p. ##Ghaed Amini, F., Zamani Ahmad Mahmoudi, R. and Najafi, M., 2017. Evaluation of Pirghar river water quality for drinking and aquatic purposes, Chahar Mahal and Bakhtiari province. Journal of Natural Environment, 70(3), pp. 684-673. [In Persian].##Hosseini, S. H., Sajjadi, M. 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مقاله علمی – پژوهشی:‌ شناسایی و اعتبارسنجی نشانگرهای توالی ساده تکراری (SSR) برای ماهی گطان (Luciobarbus xanthopterus) بر پایه داده‌های RNA-Seq Identification and validation of simple sequence repeats (SSR) markers for yellowfin barbel (Luciobarbus xanthopterus) using RNA-Seq data 1 1 این پژوهش به منظور شناسایی و اعتبارسنجی نشانگرهای توالی ساده تکراری (SSR) مربوط به گونه ماهی گطان (Luciobarbus xanthopterus) با استفاده از داده‌های RNA-Seq انجام شد. پس از جداسازی بافت کبد، استخراج RNA از نمونه‌‌ها انجام گرفت. نمونه‌ها با استفاده از پلتفرم ایلومینا Novaseq 6000 توالی‌‌یابی شدند. برای بازسازی رونوشت‌‌ها، از نرم‌‌افزار Trinity (نسخه 2.15.1) استفاده شد. شناسایی SSRs با استفاده از از پایگاه MISA انجام شد. پرایمرهای مورد نیاز در واکنش زنجیره‌ای پلیمراز برای 5 نشانگر SSR با نرم افزار PRIMER 3 طراحی و بر 45 ماهی گطان مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. سرهم‌‌بندی رونوشت‌‌ها با برنامه Trinity، 941،894 یونی ژن و 1،768،662 ترانسکریپت ایجاد کرد. در این مطالعه، بررسی 1،276،825 توالی به‌وسیله نرم‌‌افزار MISA، منجر به شناسایی تعداد 349،871 نشانگر SSR شد. در میان SSRs ، تکرارهای دو و سه نوکلئوتیدی به‌ترتیب با 37/89 درصد و 05/8 درصد، بیشترین تعداد تکرار را به‌خود اختصاص دادند. 5 پرایمر مورد استفاده، 2 جایگاه چندشکلی را نشان دادند. هتروزیگوسیتی مورد انتظار و مشاهده شده برای جایگاه MN1359 به‌ترتیب 785/0 و 147/0 و برای جایگاه GM1371 به‌ترتیب 770/0 و 093/0 محاسبه شد. به‌علاوه، آزمون کای مربع نشان داد که جمعیت برای هر دو جایگاه در تعادل هاردی-‏وینبرگ قرار ندارد. نتایج ارزیابی معیار‌‌های مختلف تنوع ژنتیکی همگی گویای کاهش تنوع در بین جمعیت مورد مطالعه بود. به طور کلی، نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد که SSRs جدید می‌توانند برای اصلاح نژاد، مطالعات ژنومیک عملکردی و بررسی تنوع ژنتیکی ماهی گطان مفید باشند. 2 This research was conducted to identify and validate the simple sequence repeats (SSR) markers related to yellowfin barbel (Luciobarbus xanthopterus) using RNA-Seq data. After collecting the liver tissue, RNA was extracted from the samples. The samples were sequenced using the Illumina Novaseq 6000 platform. Trinity software (version 2.15.1) was used to reconstruct transcripts. Identification of SSR was done using the MISA web server. The primers needed in the polymerase chain reaction for 5 SSR markers were designed by PRIMER 3 software and validated using 45 yellowfin barbel. Transcript assembly by the Trinity program generated 941,894 unigenes and 1,768,662 transcripts. In this study, the examination of 1,276,825 sequences by MISA software led to the identification of 349,871 potential SSR markers. Among the SSRs, di- and trinucleotide repeats had the highest number of repetitions with 89.37% and 8.05%, respectively. From the 5 primers used, only two of them showed polymorphism. The expected and observed heterozygosity for the MN1359 locus were calculated as 0.785 and 0.147, and for the GM1371 locus given 0.770 and 0.093, respectively. Moreover, the chi-square test showed that population was not in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The results of different genetic diversity criteria showed a decrease in diversity in yellowfin barbel. Generally, this research showed that the new SSRs can be helpful for molecular breeding, functional genomics studies, and the genetic diversity analysis of yellowfin barbel. 15 27 2023/08/232023/10/15 1402/7/23 2024/04/292024/04/29 1403/2/10 غزال محمدی اهوازی Ghazal Mohamadi Ahvazi دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان Iran 71ghazal@gmail.com محمدتقی بیگی نصیری Mohamad Taghi Beigi Nassiri دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان Iran mt_nassiri@yahoo.com محمود نظری Mahmood Nazari دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان Iran m.nazari@asnrukh.ac.ir آیه سادات صدر Ayah sadat Sadr پژوهشکده آبزی پروری جنوب کشور (اهواز) Iran ayeh.sadr@yahoo.com Yellowfin barbel RNA-Seq Transcriptome Simple sequence repeats گطان RNA-Seq ترانسکریپتوم توالی‌های ساده تکراری Abdoli, A., 2016. 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مقاله علمی – پژوهشی:‌ فراوانی و توزیع مکانی ذرات میکروپلاستیک در رسوبات رودخانه خرمارود، استان گلستان Abundance and spatial distribution of microplastics particles in sediments of Khormarud River, Golestan Province 1 1 رودخانه‌ها به طور موثر میکروپلاستیک‌ها را به دریاها منتقل می‌کنند، اما در طول این انتقال، میکروپلاستیک‌ها می‌توانند به طور موقت در رسوبات ذخیره شوند جایی‌که به دلیل فرآیندهای بیولوژیک و فیزیکی، بیشتر دچار تکه تکه شدن می‌شوند. این مطالعه با هدف بررسی توزیع و فراوانی میکروپلاستیک‌ها (MPs) در رسوبات سطحی رودخانه خرمارود، استان گلستان انجام شده است. در مجموع، 15 نمونه رسوب (5 ایستگاه با 3 تکرار) در فصل بهار، سال 1401 نمونه‌برداری شد که شناسایی فیزیکی میکروپلاستیک‌ها با استفاده از استریومیکروسکوپ مورد مطالعه قرار گرفت. ترکیبات پلیمری آنها با استفاده از دستگاه طیف‌سنج مادون‌قرمز تبدیل فوریه بازتاب کل ضعیف (ATR-FTIR) مشخص شد. نتایج نشان داد که ایستگاه 5، با فعالیت انسانی بالا 160±880 ذره در یک کیلوگرم از رسوبات خشک، بیشترین فراوانی میکروپلاستیک و ایستگاه 1، بالادست رودخانه با 66±200 ذره بر کیلوگرم دارای کمترین فراوانی بود. میانگین MPs مشاهده ‌شده در تمامی ایستگاه‌های مورد مطالعه 80/92±17/430 ذره بود. بیشترین فراوانی را میکروپلاستیک‌‌های رشته‌‌ای (52/77 درصد) و کمترین فراوانی را فیلم‌‌ها (10/3 درصد) داشتند. نتایج نشان داد که گروه 1000-500 میکرومتر با 19/44 درصد،  بیشترین فراوانی درحالی‌که گروه 5000-3000  با 88/3 درصد دارای کمترین فراوانی بودند. رنگ‌‌ سیاه با 81/55%  بیشترین و رنگ آبی با 33/2 درصد دارای کمترین فراوانی بودند. ترکیب پلیمری MPs شامل پلی‌‌پروپیلن (PP، 41 درصد)، پلی‌‌اتیلن (PE، 30 درصد)، پلی‌‌استایرن (PS، 16 درصد) پلی‌‌استر (PS، 11 درصد) و پلی‌‌آمید (PA، 2 درصد) بود. نتایج حاصل از این مطالعه نشان داد که MPs در رسوبات ساحلی منابع متعددی دارند که غالباً از توریسم، فاضلاب و بسته‌بندی مشتق شده است. 2 Rivers efficiently transfer microplastics into seas, meanwhile they can be temporarily stored in sediments, where they undergo further fragmentation due to biological and physical processes. This study was conducted with the aim of investigating the distribution and abundance of microplastics (MPs) in the surface sediments of Khormarud River, Golestan province, Iran. A total of 15 sediment samples (5 stations with 3 replicates) were taken in the spring of 2022 and the identification of MP was studied using a stereomicroscope. Their polymer compositions were characterized using weak total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectrometer. The results showed that station 5, with high human activities, had the highest frequency of MPs with 880±160 particle/kg of dry sediments, and station 1, upstream of the river, had the lowest frequency with 200±66 particle/kg. The average of MPs observed in all studied stations was 430.17 ± 92.8 particles. The most abundant MPs were fiber (77.52%) and the least abundant were films (3.10%). The results showed that the 500-1000 µm group had the highest frequency with 44.19%, while the 3000-5000 µm group had the lowest frequency with 3.88%. Black color was the most frequent with 55.81% and blue color was the least frequent with 2.33%. The polymer composition of MPs includes polypropylene (PP, 41%), polyethylene (PE, 30%), polystyrene (PS, 16%), polyester (PS, 11%), and polyamide (PA, 2%). 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مقاله علمی – پژوهشی:‌ اثر پروبیوتیک Bacillus vallismortis IS03 بر عملکرد رشد و کارایی خوراک میگوی سفید غربی (Litopenaeus vannamei) در استخرهای خاکی Effect of probiotic Bacillus vallismortis IS03 on growth performance and feed efficiency in Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) in earthen ponds 1 1 عملکرد مثبت باکتری‌های سودمند (پروبیوتیک‌‌ها) در ارتقای تولید آبزیان موضوعی اثبات شده بوده است و خانواده Bacillaceae از پرکاربردترین باکتری‌ها در آبزی‌پروری محسوب می‌شوند. این مطالعه به منظور بررسی و مقایسه اثر پروبیوتیک بومی Bacillus vallismortis IS03 (JQ085958.1) با غلظت 1011 CFU در کیلوگرم،  بر عملکرد رشد، کارایی خوراک و میزان بیومس برداشت شده میگوی سفید غربی در استخرهای پرورشی خاکی انجام شد. برای این منظور دو تیمارشامل افزودن پروبیوتیک به آب و افزودن پروبیوتیک به خوراک و یک گروه شاهد (بدون پروبیوتیک) در نظر گرفته شد. طی 100 روز دوره پرورش در استخرهای پرورشی با تراکم ذخیره‌سازی 500 هزار  عدد در هکتار، کمترین ضریب تبدیل غذایی در تیمار آب (60/1) و سپس در تیمار خوراک (62/1) ثبت شد که با گروه شاهد (74/1) اختلاف معنی‌داری داشت (05/0p<). درصد بازماندگی در تیمار آب (72/80 درصد) و در تیمار خوراک (09/80 درصد) ثبت گردید که بین تیمار آب و شاهد اختلاف معنی‌داری وجود داشت (05/0p<). بیشترین میزان بیومس برداشت شده به‌ترتیب در تیمار آب و سپس در تیمار خوراک بود که با شاهد، اختلاف معنی‌داری مشاهده شد (05/0p<). میزان نرخ رشد نسبی و ویژه در تیمارها با شاهد، اختلاف معنی‌داری نداشت (05/0p<). اما میزان وزن نهایی میگو در زمان برداشت در تیمار آب با  گروه شاهد اختلاف معنی‌داری داشت (05/0p<). با توجه به اثرات مثبت و معنی‌داری پروبیوتیک Bacillus vallismortis IS03 در روش افزودن به آب بر میزان بازماندگی، بیومس برداشت شده و ضریب تبدیل غذایی، می‌توان این باکتری را به عنوان پروبیوتیک مناسب برای افزودن به آب استخرهای پرورش میگو پیشنهاد نمود. 2 The positive performance of beneficial bacteria (probiotics) in promoting aquatic production has been proven, and Bacillaceae family is considered to be one of the most widely used bacteria in aquaculture. This study was conducted to investigate and compare the effect of indigenous probiotic Bacillus vallismortis IS03 (JQ085958.1) at 1011 CFU kg-1 concentration, on the growth performance, feed efficiency, and the amount of harvested biomass of western white shrimp in earthen culture ponds. Two treatments were considered for this purpose: addition of the probiotic to water, addition of the probiotic to feed, and a control group (without the probiotic).  The lowest feed conversion ratio was recorded in the water treatment (1.60) and then, in the feed treatment (1.62), which were significantly different from the control group (1.74) during the 100 days of the culture period in ponds with a stocking density of 500,000 per hectare (p<0.05). The percentage of survival in the water treatment (80.72%) and in the feed treatment (80.09%) was recorded, and there was a significant difference between the water treatment and control group (p<0.05). The highest amount of harvested biomass was in the water treatment and then the feed treatment, respectively, and a significant difference was observed with the control (p<0.05). There was no significant difference between the relative and specific growth rates in the treatments and the control (p<0.05). However, the final weight of shrimp at harvest was significantly different in the water treatment compared to the control treatment (p<0.05). Considering the positive and significant effects of the probiotic B. vallismortis IS03 in the method of adding to water on the survival rate, harvested biomass, and feed conversion ratio, this bacterium can be suggested as a suitable probiotic to be added to the water of shrimp rearing ponds. 41 51 2023/08/232023/10/152024/02/192023/12/17 1402/9/26 2024/04/292024/04/292024/04/292024/04/29 1403/2/10 بابک قائدنیا Babak Ghaednia مؤسسه تحقیقات علوم شیلاتی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران Iran babak.ghaednia@gmail.com مریم میربخش Maryam Mirbakhsh مؤسسه تحقیقات علوم شیلاتی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران Iran maryam.mirbakhsh@gmail.com محمد خلیل پذیر Mahammad Khalil Pazir مؤسسه تحقیقات علوم شیلاتی کشور، پژوهشکده میگوی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، بوشهر، ایران Iran dr.pazir@gmail.com محمود بهمنی Mahmoud Bahmani مؤسسه تحقیقات علوم شیلاتی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران Iran mahmoudbahmani@ymail.com محمود حافظیه Mahmoud Hafezieh مؤسسه تحقیقات علوم شیلاتی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران Iran jhafezieh@yahoo.com Probiotic Shrimp Bacillus vallismortis Growth indice Feed conversion ratio Biomass پروبیوتیک میگو Bacillus vallismortis شاخص رشد ضریب تبدیل غذایی بیومس ## ##

مقاله علمی – پژوهشی:‌ مطالعه مطلوبیت زیستگاه ماهی سفید رودخانه‌‌ای (Squalius namak) در رودخانه قره‌‌چای، حوضه آبریز دریاچه نمک Study of habitat suitability of Namak chub (Squalius namak) in Qarachai River from Namak Lake basin 1 1 مطالعه حاضر با هدف بررسی شایستگی زیستگاه ماهی سفید رودخانه‌‌ای (Squalius namak) در رودخانه قره‌‌چای واقع در حوضه دریاچه نمک انجام شد. برای این منظور، 12 ایستگاه در مسیر رودخانه قره‌‌چای در اردیبهشت‌‌ماه 1400 با استفاده از دستگاه الکتروشوکر به روش یک‌‌رفت مورد نمونه‌‌برداری قرار گرفت. علاوه بر ثبت فراوانی ماهیان، 13 پارامتر فیزیکوشیمیایی در هر ایستگاه‌‌ ثبت گردید. نمایه مطلوبیت زیستگاه با توجه به رابطه بین متغیرهای محیطی و فراوانی گونه مورد نظر بررسی شد. بر اساس نتایج، مطلوب‌‌ترین زیستگاه برای S. namak  در رودخانه قره‌‌چای نواحی دارای عرض 8-6 متر، عمق 35-30 سانتی‌‌متر، سرعت جریان 4/1-2/1 متر بر ثانیه، دمای آب 13-12 درجه سانتی‌‌گراد، مقادیر هدایت الکتریکی (EC) 420-360 میکروزیمنس بر سانتی‌‌متر، مقادیر pH بین 70/7 تا 90/7-70/7، اکسیژن محلول (DO) 4/8 -0/8 میلی‌‌گرم بر لیتر، کل مواد جامد محلول (TDS) 680-400 میلی‌‌گرم بر لیتر، قطر متوسط سنگ بستر 6/10-2/9 سانتی‌‌متر، شیب 4/1-5/0 درصد، ارتفاع از سطح دریا 1800-1600 متر، نیترات 2/2-0/1 میلی‌‌گرم بر لیتر و فسفات کل 3/0-2/0 میلی‌‌گرم بر لیتر بود. در مطالعه حاضر، مقدار کلی نمایه مطلوبیت زیستگاه (HSI) برای ماهیS. namak  در رودخانه قره‌چای 65/0 تعیین گردید. این در حالی است که ایستگاه‌های دوم (81/0=HSI) و چهارم (76/0=HSI) از مطلوبیت زیستگاهی بالایی برخوردار بودند. در مجموع، نتایج نشان داد که به ‌‌طور کلی، رودخانه قره‌‌چای از نظر ویژگی‌‌های زیستگاهی، از مطلوبیت متوسطی برای ماهی سفید رودخانه‌‌ای برخوردار است. با توجه به یافته‌‌های به‌‌دست آمده، فعالیت‌‌های انسانی که سبب تغییر در ویژگی‌‌های محیطی رودخانه قره‌‌چای به‌‌ویژه عرض، قطر متوسط سنگ بستر، ارتفاع و عمق رودخانه می‌‌شوند، می‌‌توانند پراکنش ماهی سفید رودخانه‌‌ای در این اکوسیستم آبی را تحت تاثیر قرار دهند. از این‌‌رو، از مهم‌‌ترین اقدامات مدیریتی و حفاظتی برای حفاظت از جمعیت این گونه در رودخانه قره‌‌چای می‌‌توان به جلوگیری از احداث موانع و سدها در مسیر رودخانه و استخراج شن و ماسه از بستر رودخانه اشاره کرد. علاوه‌براین، جلوگیری از ورود فاضلاب‌‌های با منشأ شهری، صنعتی و کشاورزی و پساب‌‌های آبزی‌‌پروری به این رودخانه نیز تاثیر به‌‌سزایی در بهبود شرایط اکولوژیک ماهیان از جمله ماهی سفید رودخانه‌‌ای خواهد داشت. 2 The aim of this study was to investigate the habitat suitability of Namak chub (Squalius namak) in the Qarachai River from the Namak Lake basin. For this purpose, 12 stations along the Qarachai River were sampled in May 2021 using an electrofishing device. In addition to recording the abundance of fish, 13 physicochemical parameters were measured in each of the studied stations. Habitat suitability index was evaluated according to the relationship between environmental variables and fish abundance. According to the results, the most desirable habitat for S. namak in Qarachai River are areas with river width of 6-8 m, river depth of 30-35 cm, water flow velocity of 1.2-1.4 m/s, water temperature of 12-13 °C, EC values of 420-360 μS/cm, pH values of 7.70-7.90, DO values of 8.0-8.4 mg/l, TDS values of 400-680 mg/l, bedrock average diameter of 9.2-10.6 cm, slop 0.5-1.4%, Height above sea level 1600-1800 m, nitrate 1.0-202 mg/l and total phosphate was 0.2-0.3 mg/l. In the present study, the value of the habitat suitability index (HSI) for S. namak was determined to be 0.65. Meanwhile, the second station (HSI=0.81) and the fourth station (HSI=0.76) had high habitat suitability. In general, the results showed that Qarachai River has a moderate suitability for Namak chub in terms of habitat characteristics. According to the findings, human activities that cause changes in the environmental characteristics of the Qarachai River, especially the width, average diameter of bedrock, height, and depth of the river, can affect the distribution of Namak chub in this water ecosystem. Hence, one of the most important management and protection measures to protect the population of this species in the Qarachai River is to prevent the construction of barriers and dams along the river and exploit sand from the river bed. In addition, preventing the entry of urban-industrial-agricultural sewage as well as aquaculture effluents into this river will have a significant effect on improving the ecological conditions of fish, including Namak chub. 53 69 2023/08/232023/10/152024/02/192023/12/172023/08/1 1402/5/10 2024/04/292024/04/292024/04/292024/04/292024/04/29 1403/2/10 علیرضا رادخواه Ali Reza Radkhah گروه شیلات، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران Iran alirezaradkhah@ut.ac.ir سهیل ایگدری Soheil Eagderi گروه شیلات، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران Iran soheil.eagderi@ut.ac.ir هادی پورباقر Hadi Poorbagher گروه شیلات، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران Iran poorbagherr@ut.ac.ir Squalius namak River depth River width Flow velocity Nitrate Squalius namak عمق رودخانه عرض رودخانه سرعت جریان آب نیترات Ahmadzadeh, M., Poorbagher, H. and Eagderi, S., 2017. 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Investigation of fish fauna and environmental factors influencing biodiversity in the Zarineh River, Urmia Lake basin (West Azerbaijan Province). Iranian Scientific Fisheries Journal, 29(1): 81-91. (In Persian)##Radkhah, A.R., Eagderi, S. and Nahavandi, R., 2021a. A study on the biological characteristics of kuhli loach (Pangio kuhlii Valenciennes 1846) as an ornamental fish species. Journal of Ornamental Aquatics, 8(3): 1-8. (In Persian)##Radkhah, A.R., Eagderi, S. and Poorbagher, H., 2021b. A study on the abundance and biodiversity indicators of fish in Dinor River, Kermanshah Province. Iranian Scientific Fisheries Journal, 30(3): 165-173. (In Persian)##Radkhah, A.R., Eagderi, S. and Poorbagher, H., 2021c. Assessment of habitat suitability of Oxynemachilus kiabii (Golzarianpour, Abdoli & Freyhof, 2011) in the Dinor River, Kermanshah province, Iran. Journal of Natural Environment, 74(3): 420-434. (In Persian)##Radkhah, A.R., Eagderi, S., 2021. 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Development of habitat suitability criteria for Neotropical stream fishes and an assessment of their transferability to streams with different conservation status. Neotropical Ichthyology, 11(2): 395-402. DOI: 10.1590/S1679-62252013005000009##Thurow, R.F., 1997. Habitat utilization and diel behavior of juvenile bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) at the onset of winter. Ecology of Freshwater Fish, 6(1): 1-7.##Sadeghinejad Masouleh, E. and Radkhah, A.R., 2020. Study on growth characteristics and age structure of Mesopotamian chub (Squalius berak Heckel, 1843) in the Kashkan River, Lorestan province. Journal of Aquatic Ecology, 10(3): 61-72. (In Persian)##Shah-heydari, R. and Mozaffari, J., 2023. Investigation of sand mining potential from the Qarechai river bed. Environmental Erosion Research Journal, 13(2): 161-176. (In Persian)##Vinagre, C., Fonseca, V., Cabral, H. and Costa, M.J., 2006. Habitat suitability index models for the juvenile soles, Solea solea and Solea senegalensis, in the Tagus estuary: Defining variables for species management. Fisheries Research, 82:140-149. DOI: 10.1016/j.fishres.2006.07.011##Wootton, R.J., 1992. Fish Ecology (Tertiary Level Biology). Springer, USA. 212 p.##Zamani, M., Poorbagher, H. and Eagderi, S., 2017. Habitat suitability index of Sefidrud hillstream loach (Oxynoemacheilus bergianus) in Taleghan River (Sefidrud River basin: Alborze province). Journal of Natural Environmental, 69(3): 1017-1025. (In Persian)##Zamani, M., Eagderi, S. and Zarei N. 2015. Determination of habitat suitability index of Capoeta gracilis, Keyserling 1861 from Taleghan River. Journal of Fisheries (Iranian Journal of Natural Resources), 68(3): 409-419. (In Persian)## ##

مقاله علمی – پژوهشی:‌ ارزیابی وضعیت و امکانات مزارع ماهیان زینتی ایران Evaluation of the condition and facilities of ornamental fish farms in Iran 1 1 تجارت جهانی ماهیان زینتی به همراه لوازم جانبی و خوراک آنها با رشد سالانه 8 درصد بیش از 15 میلیارد دلار برآورد شده است. رونق و تولید بالغ بر 291 میلیون قطعه ماهی زینتی در ایران، ضرورت پژوهش جامعه‌‌شناسی صنعت و بررسی امکانات و ظرفیت‌های آنرا الزامی می‌سازد. تحقیق حاضر با مشارکت 66 فعال و تولیدکننده عمده ماهیان زینتی از طریق طراحی پرسشنامه الکترونیکی و سپس جمع‌‌آوری آنلاین اطلاعات صورت گرفت. ضمن ارزیابی امکانات تولید و درصد فراوانی آنها، برای بررسی وابستگی عوامل از آزمون کای‌‌دو و برای رتبه‌بندی عوامل از آزمون فریدمن و روش امتیازی استفاده شد. نتایج نشان داد، بیش از 70 درصد تولیدکنندگان زیر 40 سال سن، تحصیلاتی بالاتر از دیپلم و تحصیلاتی غیر مرتبط با رشته کشاورزی و شیلات داشتند. حدود 67 درصد تولید کنندگان دارای فضایی کمتر از 500 متر مربع برای تولید هستند. منبع تأمین آب 2/66 درصد آنها آب شهری بود و 68 درصد از گازشهری به عنوان منبع گرمایش استفاده می‌‌کردند. اکواریوم شیشه‌‌ای با 9/76 درصد و استخرهای بتونی با 3/32 درصد شامل بیشترین میزان سازه حوضچه‌‌های تکثیر و پرورش بودند. حدود 8/90 درصد از تولید‌‌کننده‌‌ها از غذای کنسانتره و 7/67 درصد آنها نیز از غذای زنده استفاده می‌‌کردند. برند خوراک ایرانی "21 بیضا" با 9/36 درصد فراوانی دارای بیشترین طرفدار بود. آرتمیا با 8/70 درصد، بیشترین غذای زنده مورد استفاده بود. بیشترین رونق فروش در فصل بهار و 6/64 درصد میانگین فروش هر تولیدکننده، در استان محل تولید به‌فروش می‌‌رسید. به طور متوسط در هر کارگاه، 14 گونه زینتی پرورش می‌‌یافت. گونه‌‌های غالب تولیدی گوپی، کوی و سیچیلدها  بودند. بیماری، تغذیه و تلفات لاروی، مهم‌‌ترین چالش پرورش‌دهندگان بوده است که باید در اولویت برنامه‌‌ریزان و دولت قرار گیرد. 2 The global trade of ornamental fish, including their accessories and feed, is estimated to be around 15 billion dollars with an annual growth of 8%. The prosperity and production of over 291 million pieces of ornamental fish in Iran makes it necessary to research the sociology of the industry and examine its facilities and capacities. The present research was conducted with the participation of 66 activists and major producers of ornamental fish through the design of an electronic questionnaire and then online data collection. In addition to evaluating the production facilities and their frequency, the chi-square test was used to check the dependence of the factors, and the Friedman test and the score method was used to rank the factors. The results showed that more than 70% of producers under 40 years of age had an education higher than a diploma and an education not related to the field of agriculture and fisheries. About 67% of the producers had the production area less than 500 m² for production. 66.2% of them used tap water as a source of water supply and 68% used urban gas distribution system for heating. Glass aquarium with 76.9% and cement ponds with 32.3% were the majority of the materials for the production structures. About 90.8% of the producers used concentrated feeds and 67.7% of the farms used live feeds. Iranian food brand “21 Beyza” with 36.9% frequency was the most popular brand. Artemia was the most used live feed with 70.8%. The most rate of sale was in the spring and 64.6% of the average sales of each producer are sold within the province itself. On average, 14 ornamental species were grown in each farm. The dominant productive species were guppies, koi and cichlids. Disease, nutrition, and larval mortality are the most important challenges of the farmers, which should be prioritized by the planners and government. 71 83 2023/08/232023/10/152024/02/192023/12/172023/08/12023/11/21 1402/8/30 2024/04/292024/04/292024/04/292024/04/292024/04/292024/04/29 1403/2/10 افشین عادلی afshin adeli دانشگاه منابع طبیعی و کشاورزی گرگان Iran afshinadeli@gau.ac.ir سیده زهره قیامی zohre ghiami دانشگاه منابع طبیعی و کشاورزی گرگان Iran zohre.ghiami.zg@gmail.com Ornamental fish industry Aquarium fish Aquaculture industry Fisheries صنعت ماهیان زینتی آکواریوم صنعت آبزی‌‌پروری شیلات Adeli, A. and Baei, H., 2020. Analyzing Export of Iranian fishery products (2004-2014), Journal of Utilization and Cultivation of Aquatics, 8(4):33-43. DOI:10.22069/japu.2020.16728.1505##Adeli, A. and Taghani, T., 2024. Analysis of Iran's ornamental fish exports. Journal of Aquaculture Development, 17(4):39-49.##Adeli, A., Jahantigh, J. and Alishahi, A., 2021. Status of barriers and problems of Production in Farmed Shrimp in Golestan Province. Journal of Aquaculture Development, 15(2):87-101.##Amini Khoei, Z., 2021. The use of algae in the diet and improving the color of ornamental. Ornamental Aquatic, 8(1):1-7.##Barghi Lashkari, E., Rajabi Islami, H. and Salehi, H., 2017. Effective factors in production and marketing of ornamental fish in Alborz Province. Journal of Aquaculture Development, 11(2), 1-12.##Dey, A. and Sarma, D., 2018. Diversity, distribution and conservational approach of hillstream ornamental fishes in Manas river, India: An eastern hotspot region. Coldwater Fisheries Society of India, 1(1):103-112.##Dey, V.K., 2016. The global trade in ornamental fish. Info fish International, 4(16), 23-29.##FAO., 2020. The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture 2020. Sustainability in action. Rome. 206 P..https://doi.org/10.4060/ca9229en.##Felix, S., Mercy, T.A. and Swain, S.K., 2013. Ornamental aquaculture: Technology and trade in India. Astral International,267 P. ##Ghaedi, A., Bashti, T., Hosseimi, A. and Mahmoudi, R., 2015. Investigating the economic justification of the ornamental fish propagation and breeding project in the tropical part of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer Ahmad provinces, science report. Iranian Scientific Fisheries Research institute; 92:93 P.##Hajimirrahimi, S. and Dadgar, S., 2020. Study of barriers and strategies for development of ornamental fishindustry in Iran “case study of Markazi Province”. Iranian Scientific Fisheries Journal; 25 (3):133-147. DOI:10.22092/ISFJ.2017.110265.##Hensen, C., Zabel, M. and Schulz, H.N., 2006. Benthic cycling of oxygen, nitrogen and phosphorus. Marine Geochemistry, 207-240.##Hill, J.E. and Yanong, R.P., 2002. Freshwater ornamental fish commonly cultured in Florida. Circular 54, Institute of Food and Agriculture Sciences, University of Florida, USA, 61. ##Hill, M., Pernetta, A. and Crooks, N., 2020. Size Matters: A Review of Live Feeds Used in the Culture of Marine Ornamental Fish. Asian Fisheries Science, 33(2). http://dx.doi.org/10.33997/j.afs.2020.33.2.007##IFO, 2021. Annual Statistics of Iranian Fisheries 2016-2021. Planning and development office. Iranian Fisheries Organization. 29 P.##Maceda‐Veiga, A., Domínguez‐Domínguez, O., Escribano‐Alacid, J. and Lyons, J., 2016. The aquarium hobby: can sinners become saints in freshwater fish conservation?. Fish and Fisheries, 17(3), 860-874. https://doi.org/10.1111/faf.12097.##Moorhead, J.A. and Zeng, C., 2017. Establishing larval feeding regimens for the Forktail Blenny Meiacanthus atrodorsalis (Günther, 1877): effects of Artemia strain, time of prey switch and co‐feeding period. Aquaculture research, 48(8), 4321-4333.##Myers, G.S., 1938. Studies on the genera of cyprinodont fishes. XIV. Aplocheilichthys and its relatives in Africa. Copeia, 3, 136-143.##Oliver, M.P., Olivotto, I. and Turchi, C., 2017. Live prey production systems. Marine ornamental species aquaculture, 111-124. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/a.##Olivotto, I., Chemello, G., Vargas, A., Randazzo, B., Piccinetti, C.C. and Carnevali, O., 2017. Marine ornamental species culture: From the past to “Finding Dory”. General and Comparative Endocrinology, 245, 116-121.##Palmtag, M. R., 2017. The marine ornamental species trade. Marine ornamental species aquaculture, 3-14.##Pandey, PK. and Mandal, SC., 2017.Present status, challenges and scope of ornamental fish trade in India. InConference: Aqua Aquaria India, At Mangalore: 1-10. DOI:10.1002/9781119169147.##Paul, B.G. and Vogl, C.R., 2011. Impacts of shrimp farming in Bangladesh: Challenges and alternatives. Ocean & Coastal Management, 54(3), 201-211.##Penning, M., Reid, G., Koldewey, H., Dick, G., Andrews, B., Arai, K., Garratt, P., Gendron, S., Lange, J., Tanner, K. and Tonge, S., 2009. Turning the tide: a global aquarium strategy for conservation and sustainability. World Association of Zoos and Aquariums, Berna, Suiza.##Pouil, S., Tlusty, M.F., Rhyne, A.L. and Metian, M., 2020. Aquaculture of marine ornamental fish: overview of the production trends and the role of academia in research progress. Reviews in Aquaculture, 12(2), pp.1217-1230. https://doi.org/10.1111/raq.12381##Raghavan, R., Philip, S., Dahanukar, N. and Ali, A., 2013. Freshwater biodiversity of India: a response to Sarkar et al. (2013). Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries, 23, 547-554.##Raja, K., Aanand, P., Padmavathy, S. and Sampathkumar, J.S., 2019. Present and future market trends of Indian ornamental fish sector. Int J Fish Aquat Stud, 7(2), 6-15.##Rastiannasab, A. and Karimi, H., 2020. A review of socio-economic conditions governing the lack of optimal development of ornamental aquatic production and trade in the countr(Iran). 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مقاله علمی – پژوهشی:‌ عملکرد رشد، فراسنجه‌‌های خونی و پاسخ‌‌های ایمنی بچه تاس‌‌ماهی سیبری (Acipenser baerii) تغذیه شده با سطوح مختلف افزودنی فایتوژنیک بیوهربال Growth performance, blood parameters, and immune responses of Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii) fry fed with different levels of Bioherbal phytogenic additive 1 1 این بررسی به منظور سنجش تأثیر یک افزودنی فایتوژنیک (مکمل گیاهی) در سطوح مختلف بر کارایی رشد، فراسنجه‌‌های خونی و واکنش‌‌های ایمنی تاس‌‌ماهی سیبری (Acipenser baerii) به مدت 8 هفته انجام گرفت. بدین منظور، افزودنی فایتوژنیک بیوهربال®[1] در چهار سطح 0، 1، 2 و 3 گرم در کیلوگرم جیره در سه تکرار به جیره پایه افزوده شد. تعداد 120 عدد تاس‌‌ماهی سیبری با میانگین وزنی 50/0±36/5 گرم در 12 مخزن پلاستیکی گرد 80 لیتری با تراکم 10 ماهی در هر مخزن معرفی شدند. یافته‌‌ها نشان داد که وزن نهایی، طول‌‌کل نهایی، وزن کسب شده، نرخ رشد ویژه و درصد افزایش وزن بدن در ماهیان تغذیه شده با بیوهربال در سطح 3 گرم به طور معنی‌‌داری بالاتر از سایر گروه‌‌های آزمایشی بود (05/0>p). در همین تیمار، ضریب تبدیل غذایی کمترین مقدار را به‌خود اختصاص داد که اختلاف معنی‌‌داری نشان داد (05/0>p). نرخ بازماندگی در همه گروه‌‌ها 100 درصد بود. اختلاف معنی‌‌داری (05/0>p) در فراسنجه‌‌های‌‌ خونی و ایمنی ثبت گردید. تعداد گلبول‌‌های قرمز، مقادیر هماتوکریت، هموگلوبین و ‌متوسط حجم گلبول قرمز (MCV) در ماهیان تغذیه شده با مکمل بیوهربال در سطح 2 گرم و تعداد گلبول‌‌های سفید، درصد لنفوسیت، مقادیر لیزوزیم و IgM در سطح 3 گرم بیوهربال اختلاف معنی‌‌داری نشان دادند (05/0>p). به طور کلی، با توجه به داده‌‌های حاصل، می‌‌توان اذعان کرد که افزودنی فایتوژنیک بیوهربال در سطح 3 گرم قادر است باعث ارتقاء کارایی تغذیه و بهبود فراسنجه‌‌های خونی و تقویت سیستم ایمنی در تاس‌‌ماهی سیبری شود.   [1] Phytogenic Bioherbal 2 This study was performed to evaluate the effect of a phytogenic additive (herbal supplement) at different levels on growth performance, blood indices and immune responses of Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii) for 8 weeks. For this purpose, Bioherbal® phytogenic additive was added to the diet in four levels of 0, 1, 2 and 3 g/kg in diet in three replicates. A total of 120 Siberian sturgeons with a mean weight of 5.36±0.50 g were introduced into twelve 80-L round plastic tanks with a density of 10 fish per each tank. Results showed that final weight, total length, weight gain, specific growth rate, and body weight increase were significantly higher than in fish fed Bioherbal at 3 g (p<0.05). In this treatment, feed conversion ratio had the lowest value and showed significant difference (p<0.05). The survival rate in all groups was 100%. Significant differences (p<0.05) were recorded in hematological and immune parameters. The number of red blood cells, contents of hematocrit, hemoglobin and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) in fish fed Bioherbal at 2 g and the number of white blood cells, lymphocyte percentage, lysozyme and IgM values in Bioherbal 3 g showed significant differences (p<0.05). Generally, based on the obtained data, it can be concluded that Bioherbal as a phytogenic additive at 3 g can enhance feed efficiency as well as improve hematological indices and strengthen immune system in Siberian sturgeon. 85 97 2023/08/232023/10/152024/02/192023/12/172023/08/12023/11/212024/04/22 1403/2/3 2024/04/292024/04/292024/04/292024/04/292024/04/292024/04/292024/04/29 1403/2/10 رضا طاعتی Reza Taati گروه شیلات، واحد تالش، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تالش. ایران. Iran r.taati@gmail.com ذبیح اله پژند Zabiollah Pajand انستیتو تحقیقات بین‌المللی ماهیان خاویاری، موسسه تحقیقات علوم شیلاتی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، رشت، ایران. Iran zpajand@gmail.com Herbal supplement Blood Growth Siberian sturgeon مکمل گیاهی خون رشد تاس‌‌ماهی سیبری Adamek, A., Prokes, M., Barus, V. and Sukop, I., 2007. Diet and growth of 1+ Siberian sturgeon, Acipenser baerii in alternative pond culture. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 7(2):153–160.##Ahmad, M.H., EL Mesallamy, A.M.D., Samir, F. and Zahran, F., 2011. Effect of Cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) on growth performance, feed utilization, whole-body composition, and resistance to Aeromonas hydrophila in Nile Tilapia. Journal of Applied Aquaculture, 23:289-298. DOI:10.1080/10454438.2011.626350##Ahmadifar, E., Enayat Gholampour, T., Shahriari Moghadam, M., Moghaddamfar, S. and Messaoudi, E., 2018. Study of herbal feed supplement (contains zataria and satureja powder) on growth performance, survival rate, biochemical blood characteristics and body composition in common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Journal of Fisheries, 70(4):424-434. DOI:10.22059/jfisheries.2018.243895.1000. (In Persian) ##Akbary, P. and Negahdari Jafarbeigi, Y., 2016. Effect of different levels of bioherbal feed supplement (contains Foeniculum vulgare and Zingiber officinale powder) on growth, feed and carcass composition in Mugil cephalus. Veterinary Research and Biological Products, 29(3):10-18. DOI:10.22034/vj.2016.106292##Akbary, P. and Negahdari Jafarbeigi, Y., 2023. Effect of bioherbal feed supplement (contains Foeniculum vulgare and Zingiber officinale powder) on function of liver and digestive enzymes and chemical parameters in Mugil cephalus. Journal of Applied Ichthyological Research, 11(4):51-60. (In Persian)##Alcicek, Z., 2011. The effects of thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) oil concentration on liquid smoked vacuum-packed rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum, 1792) fillets during chilled storage. Food Chemistry, 128(3):683-688. DOI: 0.1016/j.foodchem.2011.03.087 ##AOAC (Association of Official Analytical Chemists), 2016. Official Methods of Analysis. 20th Edition, the Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA.3172P.##Azizi, E, Yeganeh, S., Firouzbakhsh, F. and Janikhalili, K., 2016. Effects of dietary Supplemental thyme essence (Thymus vulgaris L.) on growth, hematological and serum biochemical parameters of Rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum, 1792). Journal of Applied Ichthyological Research, 4(2):45-61. (In Persian)##Benfey, T.G. and Biron, M., 2000. Acute stress response in triploid rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and book trout (Salvelinus fontinalis). Aquaculture, 184:167-176. DOI:10.1016/S0044-8486(99)00314-2##Bertina, S. and Chelehmal Dezfoolinezhad, M., 2017. Effect of Cinnamomum zelanicum powder on survival, growth indices and chemical composition of common carp muscle. Journal of Renewable Natural Resources Research, 8(1):79-91. (In Persian)##Chehrei, A., Nobakht, A. and Shahir, M., 2011. 'The effects of different levels of bioherbal® feed supplement (contains thymus and garlic extracts) on performance, egg traits and blood biochemical and immunity parameters of laying hens. Veterinary Research and Biological Products, 24(1):58-65. DOI:10.22092/vj.2011.101108. (In Persian)##Chitsaz, H., Ouraji, H., Keramat Amirkolaie, A. and Akrami, R., 2018. Effect of garlic peel on growth and non-specific immune response of juvenile great sturgeon Huso huso (Linnaeus, 1754). Journal of Applied Ichthyological Research, 5(4):101-114. (In Persian)##Cho, J., Kim, H. and Kim, I., 2014. Effects of phytogenic feed additive on growth performance, digestibility, blood metabolites, intestinal microbiota, meat color and relative organ weight after oral challenge with Clostridium perfringens in broilers. Livestock Science, 160:82-88. DOI:10.1016/j.livsci.2013.11.006.##Citarasu, T., 2010. Herbal biomedicines: a new opportunity for aquaculture industry. Aquaculture International, 18:403-414. DOI:10.1007/s10499-009-9253-7##Dorojan, O.G., Cristea, V., Creţu, M., Dediu, L., Docan, A.I. and Coadă, M.T., 2015. The effect of thyme (Thymus vulgaris) and vitamin E on the Acipenser stellatus juvenile welfare, reared in a recirculating aquaculture system. AACL Bioflux, 8(2):150-158. ##Ellis, A.E., 1990. Lysozyme assays. In: Stolen, J.S., Fletcher, D.P., Anderson, B.S. and Van Muiswinkel, W.B., (Eds). Techniques in Fish Immunology. SOS Publication, USA. pp. 101-103.##Falahatkar, B., Akhavan, S.R., Poursaeid, S. and Hasirbaf, I., 2014. Use of sex steroid profile and hematological indices to identify perinucleolus and migratory gonadal stages of captive Siberian sturgeon Acipenser baerii (Brandt, 1869) females. Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 30:1578–1584. DOI:10.1111/jai.12616##Falahatkar, B., 2018. Nutritional Requirements of the Siberian Sturgeon: An Updated Synthesis. In: Williot, P., Nonnotte, G., Vizziano-Cantonnet, D. and Chebanov, M. (Eds) The Siberian Sturgeon (Acipenser baerii, Brandt, 1869) Volume 1 - Biology. Springer, Cham, Switzerland. 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مقاله علمی – پژوهشی:‌ شناسایی و رتبه‌‌بندی عوامل آسیب‌‌زننده به برند خاویار ایران Identification and ranking of the harmful factors to the Iranian caviar brand 1 1 در گذشته‌‌ای نه چندان دور، خاویار را صرفاً با نام کشورهای ایران و روسیه در جهان می‌‌شناختند. اما امروزه برندهای دیگری معرفی شده‌‌اند که نرخ تولید و صادرات آنها نسبت به ایران و روسیه به‌مراتب بیشتر است. جا ماندن از عرصه تولید و صادرات جهانی، به برند و اعتبار خاویار ایران لطمات بزرگی وارد خواهد نمود. در این پژوهش، از روش میدانی یا پیمایشی برای جمع‌‌آوری اطلاعات استفاده شد. روش میدانی شامل تکمیل پرسشنامه، مصاحبه و مشاهده از خبرگان و کارشناسان آموزش دیده و مرتبط با فعالیت‌‌های تکثیر و پرورش، بازسازی ذخایر،کارشناسان آمار و اقتصاد بوده است و بهره‌‌گیری از پرسشنامه‌‌ها به عنوان اصلی‌‌ترین ابزار گردآوری داده‌‌ها در این بررسی مورد استفاده قرار گرفت. بر اساس 30 سؤال تعریف شده از سوی خبرگان، پرسشنامه پنج گزینه‌‌ای طیف لیکرت طراحی و پس از تأیید روایی پرسشنامه از سوی خبرگان تأیید شده و پایایی پرسشنامه با استفاده از شاخص آلفای کرونباخ برابر با 727/0 محاسبه و تأیید گردید. همچنین در این تحقیق از آزمون رتبه‌‌بندی فریدمن، معادل ناپارامتریک آزمون تحلیل واریانس یک‌طرفه با اندازه‌های تکراری برای رتبه‌بندی متغیرها (متغیرهای تعریف شده براساس گروه‌ سؤال)، استفاده شد. بر اساس نتایج حاصل از رتبه‌‌بندی عوامل شناسایی شده بر اساس آزمون فریدمن، عوامل اثرگذار آسیب زننده به برند خاویار ایران به‌ترتیب شامل نبود مکانیزم‌‌های حمایت دولتی از پرورش‌‌دهندگان، ضعف آموزش و آگاهی پرورش‌‌دهندگان، محدودیت سرمایه‌‌گذاری خصوصی، عملکرد مزارع کوچک، محدودیت‌‌های تجهیزات و نیروی انسانی، کم توجهی به مسایل و نکات مهم پرورش، عمل‌‌آوری و بسته‌‌بندی، توسعه ظرفیت رقابتی سایر کشورهای پرورش دهنده ماهیان خاویاری، عدم انجام اصلاح نژاد و مدیریت بهینه مولدین ماهیان خاویاری، زمان‌‌بر و پرهزینه بودن پرورش ماهیان خاویاری، نبود قوانین کارآمد و نظارت دولتی و بی‌توجهی به تحقیقات برندسازی در تصمیم‌‌گیری‌‌های کلان کشور هستند. 2 In the not-too-distant past, caviar was known only by the names of Iran and Russia. Today, other brands have been introduced in the world that have higher production and export rates than Iran and Russia. This status will cause great damages to the brand and reputation of Iranian caviar. In this research, the field or survey method was used to collect information. Completing the questionnaire, interview, and observation methods were used as the main tools for data collection. To complete the questionnaires, trained experts related to the activities of propagation, breeding and re-stocking, statistics, and economic experts were used. Based on 30 questions defined by the experts, a five-choice Likert scale question was designed and after confirming the validity of the questionnaire, the reliability of the questionnaire was calculated and confirmed using the Cronbach's alpha index equal to 0.727. In this study, Friedman's ranking test, a non-parametric equivalent of the one-way analysis of variance test with repeated measures, was also used to rank the variables (defined variables based on the question group). Based on the results of the ranking of the Friedman test, the factors affecting and harmful for the Iranian caviar brand including the lack of government support mechanisms for breeders, the weakness of training and knowledge of farmers, restrictions on private investment, the performance of small farms, the limitations of equipment and manpower, little attention to the important issues and points of breeding, processing and packaging, the development of the competitive capacity of other sturgeon breeding countries, lack of optimal management of sturgeon breeders, the time-consuming and expensiveness of sturgeon farming, the lack of efficient laws and government supervision, and the lack of attention to branding research in the macro-decisions of the country, respectively. 99 107 2023/08/232023/10/152024/02/192023/12/172023/08/12023/11/212024/04/222023/08/22 1402/5/31 2024/04/292024/04/292024/04/292024/04/292024/04/292024/04/292024/04/292024/04/29 1403/2/10 سهراب علی محمدی Sohrab Alimohammadi انستیتو تحقیقات بین‌‌المللی ماهیان خاویاری، مؤسسه تحقیقات علوم شیلاتی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، رشت، ایران Iran ayoubyousefi23@gmail.com کامران مهردوست شهرستانی Kamran Mehrdoost Shahrestani گروه مهندسی صنایع، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران Iran kamranmehrdoost@pnu.ac.ir ایوب یوسفی جوردهی Ayoub Yousefi Jourdehi انستیتو تحقیقات بین‌‌المللی ماهیان خاویاری، مؤسسه تحقیقات علوم شیلاتی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، رشت، ایران Iran ayoub2222002@yahoo.com Iranian caviar sturgeon brand ranking خاویار ایران ماهیان خاویاری برند رتبه‌‌بندی Adeli, A. and Namdar, M., 2015. The Iranian Caviar and its Substitutes in the World Market. Tarbiat Modaress University Journals System, 3 (1): 933-944. DOI: 10.22069/japu.2020.16728.1505. ##Ahmadi, P., Hosseini, Kh. and Javadi, N.D., 2013. Identifying the reasons for the decrease in Iran's caviar exports, the first national conference on future research, management and development, Shiraz. 8 p. https://civilica.com/doc/314606. [In Persian]##Bahmani, M., 2005. Iranian caviar book. 154 p. [In Farsi]##Bronzi, P., Chebanov, M., Michaels, J.T., Wei, Q., Rosenthal, H. and Gessner, G., 2019. Sturgeon meat and caviar production: Global update 2017. Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 35: 257–266. DOI: 10.1111/jai.13870.##European Commission, Directorate-General for Maritime Affairs and Fisheries, 2021. The caviar market – Production, trade and consumption in and outside the EU – An update of the 2018-report, Publications Office, 2: 1-42. Doi: 10.2771/00938.##Feizabadi, Y., Gholam-Nejad, M. and Ramadani M., 2009. Investigating factors affecting the export of caviar in Iran, Journal of Agricultural Economics Research, 1)1). [In Persian]##Mohseni, M., Hamidoghli, A. and Bai, S.C., 2021. Organic and inorganic dietary zinc in beluga sturgeon (Huso huso): Effects on growth, hematology, tissue concentrationand oxidative capacity. Aquaculture, 539 (73): 66–72. Doi: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2021.736672.##Motalebi, A., Bahmani, M., Yousefi Jourdhi, A., Safari, R., Azami, L., Adel, M., Bakhsandeh, T., Pourgholam, M., Jalilpour, J., Qadiri Abianeh., M., Yaqubzadeh, Z., Ahmadi, F. and Yazdani, M.H., 2018. Investigating the possibility of increasing the shelf life of Siberian sturgeon caviar through packaging with chitosan film combined with lysozyme, acetic acid and natamycin nanoparticles. Final report of the research project. Agricultural research, education and promotion organization, 75 p. [In Persian]##Turkmani, H., 2022. The leading economic newspaper. No. 1547. Seventh year. 8 p. [In Persian]##Fisheries Organization, sturgeon production statistics, 2017. [In Persian].##Salehi, H., Rahmati, M., Abdul Mahdi, A., Pourali, H., Hosseini, M.R., Qahramanzadeh, M., Toloui, M.H., Ganji, K., Bahmani, M. and Karimi, D., 2009. Economic study of sturgeon breeding. Final report of the research project. Agricultural research, education and promotion organization. 89 p. [In Persian]##Wei, Q.W., Zou, Y.C., Li, P. and Li, L.X., 2011. Sturgeon aquaculture in China: Progress, strategies and prospects assessed on the basis of nation-wide surveys (2007-2009). Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 162–168. Doi: 10.1111/J.1439-0426.2011. 01669.X## ##

مقاله علمی – پژوهشی:‌ اثرات سطوح اسید‌های بوتیریک و پروپیونیک جیره بر شاخص‌های رشد و فلور میکروبی روده ماهی صبیتی جوان (Sparidentex hasta) Effects of dietary butyric and propionic acids on growth parameters and gut microflora in Sobaity seabream juveniles )Sparidentex hasta) 1 1 یک مطالعه هشت هفته‌ای به منظور بررسی اثرات سطوح مکمل بوتیریک اسید و پروپیونیک اسید در جیره بر رشد و میکرو فلور روده در بچه ماهیان ماهی صبیتی (Sparidentex hasta) انجام شد. مکمل با سطوح مختلف بوتیریک (BA) و پروپیونیک (PA) برای طراحی هفت خوراک آزمایشی شامل: 1- کنترل (رژیم غذایی بدون مکمل اسید آلی)، 2- بوتیریک اسید 5/0 درصد، 3- بوتیریک اسید 1 درصد، 4-پروپیونیک اسید 5/0 درصد، 5- پروپیونیک اسید 1 درصد، 6- مخلوط 25/0 درصد بوتیریک و 25/0 درصد پروپیونیک و 7-مخلوط 5/0 درصد بوتیریک و 5/0 درصد پروپیونیک اسید به جیره‌ غذایی پایه (44 درصد پروتئین و 15 درصد چربی)، اضافه شدند. تعداد 315 ماهی با وزن اولیه 5/0±5/28 گرم در بین 21 مخزن پلی اتیلن 300 لیتری توزیع شدند. ماهی‌ها با جیره‌های آزمایشی دو بار در روز تا حد سیر شدن بصری تغذیه شدند تا اطمینان حاصل شود که هیچ خوراکی در مخزن باقی نماند. دمای آب و شوری به‌ترتیب 3/31 درجه سانتی‌گراد و 46 گرم در لیتر بود. ماهیان تغذیه شده با 5/0 و 1 درصد PA یا 5/0 درصد ترکیبات BA و PA نسبت به سایر گروه‌ها دارای سرعت رشد بهتری بودند. همچنین بهبود ضریب تبدیل غذایی در تیمار تغذیه شده با 5/0 درصد PA و نیز تیمار 1 درصد BA مشاهده شد. تعداد کل باکتری‌ها در روده تحت تأثیر خوراک‌های آزمایشی قرار نگرفت، اما تعداد باکتری‌های اسید لاکتیک با مکمل اسیدهای آلی در جیره افزایش یافت. بر اساس یافته‌های این مطالعه، 5/0 درصد PA یا ترکیبات PA و BA در سطح 5/0 درصد برای بهبود رشد و وضعیت سلامت روده در بچه ماهیان صبیتی توصیه می‌شود. 2 An eight-week study was conducted to examine the effects of dietary butyric and propionic supplementation levels on growth and gut microflora in juveniles’ sobaity seabream (Sparidentex hasta). In this regard, a basal diet (44% crude protein and 15% lipid) was supplemented with various levels of butyric (BA) and propionic acids (PA) to design seven experimental feeds as follow: 1-control (diet without organic acid supplementation), 2- BA 0.5%, 3- BA 1%, 4- PA 0.5%, 5- PA 1%, 6- BA+PA 0.5% (0.25% BA+0.25% PA supplementation), 7- BA+PA 1% (0.5% BA+0.5% PA supplementation). Three hundred and fifteen fish with initial weight of 28.5±0.5 g were distributed among 21 polyethilene tanks (300 L). The fish were fed with the experimental diets three times a day up to visual satiation making sure that no feed remain at the bottom of the tanks. Water temperature and salinity were 31.3 °C and 46 g/L, respectively. The fish fed with 0.5 and 1% PA or 0.5% blends of BA and PA had higher growth rate than other groups. Also, the improvement of food conversion ratio was observed in the treatment fed with 0.5% PA and 1% BA treatments. Total bacterial count in the gut did not affect by the experimental feeds but lactic acid bacteria count increased with supplementing acidifiers in diet. Based on the findings of this study, 0.5% PA or blends of PA and BA at 0.5% level are recommended for improving growth and gut health condition in juveniles’ sobaity seabream. 109 117 2023/08/232023/10/152024/02/192023/12/172023/08/12023/11/212024/04/222023/08/222024/01/23 1402/11/3 2024/04/292024/04/292024/04/292024/04/292024/04/292024/04/292024/04/292024/04/292024/04/29 1403/2/10 شاپور مهرجویان Shapour Mehrjooyan گروه شیلات، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه صنعتی خاتم الانبیاء بهبهان، بهبهان، ایران Iran shapoormehrjoo@gmail.com سعید ضیایی نژاد Saeed Ziaei-nejad گروه شیلات، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه صنعتی خاتم الانبیاء بهبهان، بهبهان، ایران Iran zbsaeed@yahoo.com منصور طرفی موزان زاده Mansour Torfi Mozanzadeh پژوهشکده آبزی‌پروری جنوب کشور، اهواز، مؤسسه تحقیقات علوم شیلاتی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، اهواز، ایران Iran mansour.torfi@gmail.com لاله موسوی دهموردی Laleh Mousavi Dehmourdi گروه شیلات، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه صنعتی خاتم الانبیاء بهبهان، بهبهان، ایران Iran lalehmosavi84@yahoo.com Organic acids Sobaity seabream Nutrition lactic acid bacteria Feed conversion ratio اسید‌های آلی ماهی صبیتی تغذیه باکتری‌های اسید لاکتیک ضریب تبدیل غذایی Alamifar, H., Soltanian, S., Vazirzadeh, A., Akhlaghi M., Morshedi V., Gholamhosseini, A. and Torfi Mozanzadeh, M., 2020. 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مقاله علمی – پژوهشی:‌ اثر روش‌های استخراج اسیدی، آنزیمی و فراصوت بر ویژگی‌های پلی ساکارید فوکوئیدان استخراجی از جلبک قهوه‌ای Sargassum ilicifolium Effect of acidic, enzymatic and ultrasonic extraction methods on the characteristics of fucoidan from Sargassum ilicifolium 1 1 در تحقیق حاضر پلی‌‌ساکارید سولفاته فوکوئیدان با استفاده از روش‌‌های اسیدی، آنزیمی و فراصوت از جلبک قهوه‌‌ای Sargassum ilicifolium استخراج گردید. بازده استخراج مورد سنجش قرار گرفت و طیف سنجی تبدیل فوریه فرو سرخ (FTIR) برای شناسایی گروه‌‌های عاملی فوکوئیدان استخراجی مورد استفاده قرار گرفت. جهت سنجش ویژگی‌‌های ضداکسایشی از آزمون‌‌های خنثی‌کنندگی رادیکال‌‌های آزاد DPPH و قدرت کاهندگی آهن استفاده شد. ویژگی‌‌های امولسیون کنندگی فوکوئیدان استخراجی برای روغن‌‌های آفتابگردان، ذرت و کانولا نیز اندازه‌‌گیری شدند. نتایج مطالعه نشان داد که بازده استخراج در روش آنزیمی (37/11 درصد) به طور معنی‌‌داری بیشتر از روش‌‌های اسیدی (87/7 درصد) و فراصوت (07/8 درصد) بود (05/0>p). طیف سنجی FTIR نشان داد که پلی‌ساکاریدهای فوکوئیدان استخراجی دارای گروه‌‌های سولفات در فرکانس‌‌های 817 و cm-1 1249 بودند. در غلظت‌‌ 1 میلی‌گرم بر میلی لیتر، بیشترین میزان خنثی کنندگی رادیکال‌‌های آزاد DPPH (07/38 درصد) و کاهندگی آهن (167/0 جذب) در فوکوئیدان‌‌های استخراجی به روش آنزیمی اندازه‌‌گیری شد (05/0>p). ولی فوکوئیدان استخراجی به روش اسیدی دارای کمترین میزان خنثی‌کنندگی رادیکال‌‌های آزاد DPPH (42/26 درصد) و کاهندگی آهن (156/0 جذب) بود (05/0>p). در تمامی روغن‌‌های مورد استفاده، بیشترین مقدار شاخص امولسیون‌کنندگی (67/34-75/39 درصد) در فوکوئیدان‌‌های استخراجی به روش آنزیمی اندازه‌‌گیری شد. با این‌حال، مقادیر شاخص امولسیون‌کنندگی تنها در روغن ذرت دارای اختلاف معنی‌‌دار بودند (05/0>p). به طور کلی، پلی‌ساکاریدهای فوکوئیدان استخراجی با استفاده از روش‌‌های آنزیمی و فراصوت دارای بازده، ویژگی‌‌های ضداکسایشی و امولسیون‌کنندگی بهتری نسبت به نمونه‌‌های استخراجی به روش اسیدی بودند. 2 In the present study, fucoidan was extracted from Sargassum ilicifolium by acidic, enzymatic, and ultrasonic methods. The extraction yield was determined and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to identify the functional groups of the extracted fucoidans. Antioxidant activity of fucoidan was evaluated based on the scavenging of DPPH free radical and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. Emulsifying properties of the isolated fucoidan were evaluated using sunflower, corn, and canola oils. The results showed that the extraction yield of fucoidan in the enzyme method (11.37%) was significantly higher than those obtained by acidic (7.87%) and ultrasound (8.07%) methods (p<0.05). The FTIR spectra demonstrated that the extracted fucoidans possess sulphate groups at 817 and 1249 cm-1. The highest DPPH radical scavenging (38.07%) and reducing power (absorption 0.167) activities were measured in the fucoidan extracted at 1 mg/ml by the enzymatic method (p<0.05). On the contrary, fucoidan extracted by the acidic method had the lowest DPPH radical scavenging (26.42%) and reducing power (0.156 Abs) activities (p<0.05). The highest emulsification index (34.67-39.75%) was measured in fucoidan extracted by enzymatic method. However, the emulsification index values were just significantly different in corn oil (p<0.05). Generally, the fucoidan extracted using the ultrasonic and enzymatic methods showed higher yield, antioxidant, and emulsifying properties than those extracted by the acidic method. 119 132 2023/08/232023/10/152024/02/192023/12/172023/08/12023/11/212024/04/222023/08/222024/01/232024/04/26 1403/2/7 2024/04/292024/04/292024/04/292024/04/292024/04/292024/04/292024/04/292024/04/292024/04/292024/04/29 1403/2/10 مهدی آل بوفتیله M. 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