1403 33 2 142 146

مقاله علمی – پژوهشی:‌ بررسی ویژگی‌ها و مطلوبیت زیستگاهی رودخانه تجن به منظور رهاسازی بچه‌ماهیان سفید (Rutilus frisii) Investigating the habitat characteristics and suitability of Tajan River for the release of Caspian kutum (Rutilus frisii) fingerlings 1 1 در تحقیق کنونی برای نخستین بار در سطح ملی به منظور بررسی مطلوبیت یک رودخانه از دیدگاه رهاسازی بچه‌ماهیان واجد ارزش شیلاتی، از شاخص مطلوبیت زیستگاهی (HSI) استفاده گردید. هدف اصلی از اجرای این تحقیق، تعیین مطلوبیت زیستگاهی رودخانه تجن از دیدگاه رهاسازی بچه ماهیان سفید با استفاده از شاخص مطلوبیت زیستگاهی بود. نظر به این‌که در حال حاضر، تنها گزینه موجود سازمان شیلات ایران برای رهاسازی بچه‌ماهیان در رودخانه تجن، در منطقه مصب این رودخانه است، لذا در تحقیق کنونی این منطقه جهت نمونه‌برداری بچه ماهی‌ها و بررسی پارامترهای مختلف زیستی (فیتوپلانکتون و زئوپلانکتون) و غیرزیستی (دمای آب، pH ، شوری، اکسیژن محلول، کدورت، کل مواد معلق، مواد جامد محلول، هدایت الکتریکی، سختی کل، ازت آمونیومی، گاز آمونیاک، اکسیژن‌خواهی بیوشیمیایی، اکسیژن‌خواهی شیمیایی، ازت نیتریتی، ازت نیتراتی، ازت کل و فسفر کل)، انتخاب گردید. بررسی و ثبت پارامترهای مختلف زیستی و غیرزیستی طی ماه‌های تیر، مرداد و شهریور سال 1401 و مرداد و شهریور 1402 انجام شد. بیشترین مقادیر شاخص انتخاب (SI) برای بچه‌ماهیان سفید مربوط به گاز آمونیاک بود.  مقادیرHSI  مصب رودخانه تجن برای بچه‌ماهیان سفید 592/0 محاسبه گردید. لذا،  بر این مبنا، منطقه مطالعاتی برای بچه‌ماهیان سفید، زیستگاهی مناسب بوده است. با وجود این، مقایسه دامنه تغییرات متغیرهای زیستگاهی اندازه‌گیری شده در این تحقیق و دامنه‌های مجاز مربوطه نشان داد که شرایط محل رهاسازی بچه‌ماهیان در بازه زمانی مورد نظر از منظر دامنه تغییرات برخی پارامترها (کل مواد معلق، ازت کل، فسفرکل، ازت آمونیومی، هدایت الکتریکی و کدورت)، مناسب نبوده است. 2 Considering the increasing speed of destruction of natural aquatic habitats in the rivers leading to the southern basin of the Caspian Sea and the importance of investigating the habitat conditions of the release sites of juvenile fish with economic value, in this research for the first time (at the national level) in order to investigate the suitability of Tajan River from the point of view of releasing Caspian kutum fingerlings, habitat suitability index (HSI) was used. Considering that currently the only available option of the Iran Fisheries Organization for the release of the fingerlings in the Tajan River is in the estuary of this river, therefore, in the current research, this area was selected to sample the fingerlings and investigate various biotic parameters (phytoplankton and zooplankton) and abiotic (water temperature, pH, salinity, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, total suspended solids, total dissolved solids, electrical conductivity, total hardness, ammonium nitrogen, NH3, biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, nitrite nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, total nitrogen and total phosphorus). The above-mentioned biotic and abiotic parameters were determined during the months of July, August and September 2022 and August and September 2023. The highest selectivity index values for R. frisii were related to NH3. HSI values of Tajan River estuary for R. frisii fingerlings in the studied time period was calculated as 0.592. Therefore, on this basis, the study area can be classified as "suitable habitat" for the fingerlings. Nevertheless, the comparison of the range of changes of the habitat variables measured in this research with the respective permitted ranges showed that the conditions of the release area of the fingerlings were not suitable from the point of view of the range of changes of some parameters (including total suspended matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, ammonium nitrogen, electrical conductivity and turbidity) during the study period. 1 20 2024/02/21 1402/12/2 2024/06/30 1403/4/10 نیما پورنگ Nima Pourang موسسه تحقیقات علوم شیلاتی کشور Iran n_pourang@yahoo.com محمد علی افرائی بندپی M.A. Afraei Bandpei موسسه تحقیقات علوم شیلاتی کشور Iran mafraei1965@gmail.com حسن نصراله زاده ساروی H. Nasrollahzadeh Saravi موسسه تحقیقات علوم شیلاتی کشور Iran hnsaravi@yahoo.com فاطمه سادات تهامی F.S. Tahami موسسه تحقیقات علوم شیلاتی کشور Iran n.pourang@areeo.ac.ir مهدی نادری جلودار M. Naderi Jolodar موسسه تحقیقات علوم شیلاتی کشور Iran naderi_j@yahoo.com Habitat suitability Release of fingerlings Stock enhancement Tajan River Rutilus frisii مطلوبیت زیستگاه رهاسازی بچه ماهی بازسازی ذخایر رودخانه تجن Rutilus frisii Abbaszadeh, M.M, Vatandost, S., Manoocheri, H., Mostafavi, H. and HosseinFar, S.M., 2021. Study of habitat preference of Kura fish (Barbus lacerta; Heckel, 1843) in Zarmood River (from Tajan River branches) Mazandaran Province, Iran. Journal of Applied Ichthyological Research, University of Gonbad Kavous, 8(4): 15-23 [In Persian]. DOI: 10.22034/jair.8.4.15.##Afraei Bandpei, M.A., Solaimani Roudi, A. and Janbaz, A.A., 2012. Feeding regime of Kutum, Rutilus frisii kutum (Kamensky 1901) at the various ages in the southern Caspian Sea (Mazandaran waters) in survey. Aquaculture Sciences, 1(1): 47-61 [In Persian].##Afraei Bandpei, M., Fazli, H. and Shahlapour, S., 2018. Identification and species diversity of fishes in Gorgan Bay. Iranian Scientific Fisheries Journal, 27(2): 61-69 [In Persian]. DOI: 10.22092/ISFJ.2018.11669.##Alaska Administrative Code, 2023. Title 18 - Environmental Conservation, Chapter 70 - Water Quality Standards. Available at: https://www.epa.gov/system/files/documents/2023-05/akwqs-chapter70-2023.pdf##Abdoli, A., 2000. The Inland Water Fishes of Iran. Iranian Museum of Nature and Wildlife, Tehran, Iran. 378 P [in Persian].##Abdollahpour, Z., Rahmani, H., Abdoli, A. and Janikhalili, K., 2020. Evaluation of Habitat Suitability Index for Goby, Ponticola cyrius, in Tajan River (Shahid Rajai dam area to crossroad Takam). Journal of Aquatic Ecology, 10(1): 1-13 [In Persian].##Ahmadnejad, M., Bahmani, M., Sayad Burani, M., Moradi Chafi, M., Bagheri, S., Bahmanesh, S., Abbasi, K., Babaei, H., Hosseinjani, A., Amiri, S.A. and Saberi, H., 2023. Feasibility of direct release of spring white fish fry to the estuary and coastal areas of the Caspian Sea. Final report of the project, Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute. 187 P.##ANZECC and ARMCANZ, 2000. National water quality management strategy. Australian and New Zealand Guidelines for fresh and marine water quality. Australian and New Zealand Environment and Conservation Council (ANZECC) and Agriculture and Resource Management Council of Australia (ARMCANZ), Canberra, Australia. Available at: https://www.waterquality.gov.au/sites/default/files/documents/anzecc-armcanz-2000-guidelines-vol1.pdf##APHA, AWWA, WEF, 2012. Standard methods for examination of water and wastewater. 22nd Edition, American Public Health Association, Washington DC.##Asadi, H., Sattari, M. and Eagderi, S., 2014. The determinant factors underlying habitat selectivity and preference for Black fish Capoeta capoeta gracilis (Keyserling 1891) in Siyahrud River (a tributary of Sefidrud River basin). Iranian Scientific Fisheries Journal, 23(3):1-9 [In Persian].##Bagheri, S., Ghorbani, R. and Fazli, H., 2016. Investigation of correlation of some environmental factors on survival of Rutilus frisii kutum fingerlings (Case study; Iranian coastal water of the Caspian Sea). Journal of Animal Environment, 8(2): 139-150 [In Persian].##Behrouzi, Sh., Farabi, S.M.V, Hedayatifard, M. and Sharifian, M., 2015. The survey effect of salinity performed on survival rate and histological changes in kidney tissues of Rutilus frisii kutum juvenile. Journal of Veterinary, 107: 31-37 [In Persian]. DOI: 10.22092/VJ.2015.101268.##Bhuyan, M.S., Mojumder, I.A. and Das, M., 2020. The optimum range of ocean and freshwater quality parameters. Annals of Marine Science, 4(1): 019-020. DOI: 10.17352/ams.000020.##Boltovskoy, D., 2000. South Atlantic zooplankton. Netherlands: Backhuys publisher, 210 P.##CCME, 2018. Water quality guidelines for the protection of aquatic life. Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment (CCME). Available at: http://st-ts.ccme.ca/en/index.html##Chen, X., Li, G., Feng, B. and Tian, S., 2009. Habitat suitability index of Chub mackerel (Scomber japonicus) from July to September in the East China Sea. Journal of Oceanography, 65: 93-102. DOI: 10.1007/s10872-009-0009-9.##Conallin, J., Boegh, E., Olsen, M., Pedersen, S., Dunbar, M.J. and Jensen J.K., 2014. Daytime habitat selection for juvenile parr brown trout (Salmo trutta) in small lowland streams. Knowledge and Management of Aquatic Ecosystems, 413(9): 1-16. DOI: 10.1051/kmae/2014006.##Daryanabard, G., Fazli, H., Taghavi Motlagh, S.A., VahabNejad, A. and Bagherzadeh Afroozi, F., 2020. Reproduction and maturity of kutum (Rutilus kutum) in Iranian waters of the Caspian Sea. Iranian Scientific Fisheries Journal, 29(5): 111-121 [In Persian]. DOI: 10.22092/ISFJ.2021.123334.##Davenport, J., Ekaratne, S.U.K., Walgama, S.A., Lee, D. and Hills, J.M., 1999. Successful stock enhancement of a lagoon prawn fishery at Rekawa, Sri Lanka using cultured post-larvae of penaeid shrimp. Aquaculture, 180: 65–78. DOI: 10.1016/S0044-8486(99)00141-6.##Delbari, F., Rezaei Tavabe. K., Mirvaghefi, A., Lahijanzade, A.R., Bagherzade Karimi, M. and Salmroodi, E., 2022. Evaluation of water quality of Tajan River using IRWQIsc index. Journal of Aquaculture Sciences, 10(19), 83-98 [In Persian].##Directive 44/EC, 2006. The quality of fresh waters needing protection or improvement in order to support fish life. European parliament and the council. Official Journal of the European :union:. L64. pp 20-31. Available at: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2006:264:0020:0031:EN:PDF##Fadaee, B. and Younes Haghighi, B., 2011. Study on moving direction and survival index of Persian sturgeon (Acipenser persicus) fingerlings using mark-recapture method in Caspian Sea (Guilan province coasts). Scientific Fisheries Journal, 20(3): 75-80 [In Persian]. DOI: 10.22092/ISFJ.2017.110009.##Ffany, H. and Britton, L.E., 1971. The Algae of Illinois. New York, USA. 420 P.##Ghanei Tehrani, M., Pourgholam, R., Farabi, S.M.V., Nasrollahzadeh Saravi, H. and Najafpour, Sh., 2015. Investigation on water physico-chemical characterization and identification of organochlorinated pesticides in Tajan River and Surkh Rud during the period of release of kutum (Rutilus frisii kutum) fingerlings. New Technologies in Aquaculture Development, 9(2): 83-92 [In Persian].##Ghafouri, Z., Eagderi, S. and Poorbagher, H., 2023. Study and comparison of the habitat suitability indices of Cyprinion macrostomum Heckel, 1843 from Zab River in four seasons. Journal of Natural Environment, 76(1): 105-115. [In Persian]. DOI: 10.22059/jne.2022.351529.2492 ##Gheisvandi, N., Hajimoradlou, A.H. and Ghorbani, R., 2014. Effect of salinity as environmental factors on growth and intestine morphologi of Caspian white fish (Rutilus frisii kutum). Journal of Utilization and Cultivation of Aquatics, 3(2): 99-109 [In Persian].##Gong, C., Chen, X., Gao, F. and Yu. W., 2021. The change characteristics of potential habitat and fishing season for neon flying squid in the northwest Pacific Ocean under future climate change scenarios. Marine and Coastal Fisheries: Dynamics, Management, and Ecosystem Science, 13: 450–462. DOI: 10.1002/mcf2.10170##Harris, R., Wiebe, P., Lenz, J., Skjoldal, H.R. and Huntley, M., 2000. ICES Zooplankton methodology manual. 1st Edition. Elsevier. 684 P.##Hightower, J.E., Harris, J.E., Raabe, J.K., Brownell, P. and Drew, C.A., 2012. A bayesian spawning habitat suitability model for American shad in southeastern United States rivers. Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management, 3(2): 184–198. DOI: 10.3996/082011-JFWM-047.##Hijuelos, A., Sable, S.E., O'Connell, A.M., Geaghan, J.P., Lindquist, D.C. and White, Eric D., 2017. Application of species distribution models to identify estuarine hot spots for juvenile nekton. Estuaries and Coasts, 40: 1183–1194. DOI: 10.1007/s12237-016-0199-5.##INAB (The Irish National Accreditation Board). 1985. Appendix 7: information on water quality parameters. 9 P. www.inab.ie.##Jafari, M., Kamarudin, M.S., Saad, C.R., Arshad, A., Oryan, S. and Guilamni, M.H.T., 2011. Effects of different diets on growth, survival and body composition of Rutilus frisii kutum larvae. Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science, 6(6): 662-668. DOI: 10.3923/jfas.2011.662.668.##Jowett, I.G., Hayes, J.W., Neuswanger, J. 2021. Salmonid bioenergetic drift-foraging: swimming costs and capture success. Journal of Ecohydraulics, 6(2): 186-197, DOI: 10.1080/24705357.2020.1839799.##Jowett, I., 2023. Jowett Consulting. www.jowettconsulting.co.nz. Accessed 27 Dec 2023.##Khabarban, 2023. Releasing bony fish and sturgeon fingerlings on the shores of the Caspian Sea. https://37809876.khabarban.com/##Kutikova, L.A., 1970. Rotifer fauna of the USSR. Leningrad: Nauka. 744 P. [In Russian]##Lin, Y.P., Lin, W.C. and Wu, W.Y., 2015. Uncertainty in various habitat suitability models and its impact on habitat suitability estimates for fish. Water, 7: 4088-4107. DOI: 10.3390/w7084088.##Manolova, E.Q., 1964. Cladocera. Moscow, Leningrad, 326 P [In Russian].##MOE Japan, 2019. Environmental quality standards for water. Ministry of Environment (MOE), Government of Japan. Available at: https://www.env.go.jp/en/water/wq/wp.pdf.##MOEE China, 2002. Environmental quality standards for surface water (GB3838-2002). The National Standards of the People's Republic of China. Ministry of Environment and Ecology (MOEE). Available at: http://english.mee.gov.cn/SOE/soechina1997/water/standard.htm##Mohseni, M., Mojazi Amiri, B., Mirvaghefi, A., Farabi, M.V. and Riazi, G., 2015. The change of some ion, hormone and biochemical factors in released fingerling of kutum fish (Rutilus frisii kutum Kamensky, 1901) at the estuarine of Tajan river (Sari). Journal Fisheries, 68(1): 139-155 [In Persian].##Moradpour Derazkolaei, A., Haghparast, S., Rahmani, H. and Aghaei Moghaddam, A.A., 2020. Determination of habitat suitability index and the most significant factors on distribution pattern of Capoeta razii Jouladeh- Roudbar, Eagderi, Ghanavi and Doadrio, 2017 in Roodbabol River, Mazandaran Province. Journal of Applied Ichthyological Research, 8(4): 1-14 [In Persian]. DOI: 10.22034/jair.8.4.1.##Mostafavi, S.M., Rahmani, M.R., Kaboli, M. and Abdoli, A., 2020. The effect of different environmental factors on habitat selection by Salmo trutta in Karaj River. Journal of Animal Environment, 12(3): 251-259 [In Persian]. DOI: 10.22034/AEJ.2020.117908.##Mostafavi, S.M., Rahmani, M.R., Kaboli, M. and Abdoli, A., 2021. Determinants of fish distribution pattern and habitat preference in protected Karaj River, Iran. Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences, 20(2): 410-429. DOI: 10.22092/ijfs.2021.123838.##Mouludi-Saleh, A., Eagderi S., and Poorbagher H., 2022 (a). Effect of dam construction on the habitat suitability indices of Barbus cyri in the Taleghan River. Iranian Scientific Fisheries Journal, 31(2): 51-62 [In Persian]. DOI: 10.22092/ISFJ.2022.127124.##Mouludi-Saleh, A., Eagderi, S., Poorbagher, H. and Jafari, B. 2022(b). Investigation of habitat characteristics of Capoeta shajariani in Dinorab River, Karkheh River drainage. Journal of Animal Research, 35(2): 96-108 [In Persian].##Naderi, M. and Abdoli, A., 2004. Fish species Atlas of south Caspian Sea Basin (Iranian waters). Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute. Tehran. 242 P.##Naderi, M., Jahandideh, O., Khanahmadi, E., Arab, N., Arab, A. and Salarijaz, M., 2021. Analysis of application of hydrological and hydromorphocological approaches in estimating the ecological water demand and habitat suitability Salmo trutta in the Liqvanchay River. Iranian Journal of Irrigation and Drainage, 3(15): 645-664 [In Persian].##Nasrolah Pourmoghadam, M., Poorbagher, H., Eagderi, S. and Rezaei Tavabe, K., 2019. Assessment of habitat suitability index of Capoeta species in the Caspian Sea and Namak Lake basins, Iran. International Journal of Aquatic Biology, 7(3): 146-154. DOI: 10.22034/ijab.v7i3.622.##OECD, 2011. Establishing a dynamic system of surface water quality regulation: Guidance for countries of Eastern Europe, Caucasus and Central Asia. Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). Environmental Performance and Information Division. Environment Directorate. 50 P.##Prescott, G.W., 1962. Algae of the Western Great Lakes area. Michigan, USA. 333 P.##Priol, P., Renet, J., Besnard, A., Scher, O., Bernard, P., 2023. Habitat Suitability Index is not relevant for great crested newt occupancy at its range margins: a Mediterranean case study. Hydrobiologia, 850: 591-605. DOI: 10.1007/s10750-022-05109-y##Proshkina-Lavrenko, A.I. and Makarova, I.V., 1968. Planktonic algae of the Caspian Sea. Sciences publishers, Lelingerad, Russia. 291P [In Russian].##Rostamian, N., Eigderi, S., Vatandoust, S. and Salar, H., 2017. Habitat use and suitability index of Capoeta Capoeta gracilis, in the Kalarud River. Journal of Animal Environment, 9(2): 141-146 [In Persian].##Rostamian N, Eagderi S, Vatandoust S., 2022. Large-scaled habitat suitability indices of Tabarestan spirlin, Alburnoides tabarestanensis in the Kelarud River (a tributary of the Babel River). Journal of Aquatic Ecology, 11(4): 49-56 [In Persian].##Sarpanah, A., Abbasi, K., Khatib, S., Bagheri, S., Zahmatkesh, Y., Sabkara, J., Moradi, M. and Madadi, F., 2022. Study of seasonal feeding habit in kutum (Rutilus frisii Nordmann, 1840) fingerling in seawaters of Guilan Province. Iranian Scientific Fisheries Journal, 5: 39-52 [In Persian]. DOI: 10.22092/ISFJ.2023.128361.##SEPA, 2023. WAT-SG-85 Guidance on authorising thermal discharges. Version 5.0. Scottish Environment Protection Agency. 16 P. ##Singh, G., Ansal, M.D. and Kaur, V.I., 2018. Salinity tolerance and survival of freshwater carp, Cyprinus carpio Linn. in inland saline water. Indian Journal of Ecology, 45(3): 598-601.##Smilauer, P. and Leps, J., 2014. Multivariate analysis of ecological data using Canoco. Cambridge University Press, 501 P.##Sokal, R.R. and Rohlf, F.J., 2012. Biometry: The principles and practice of statistics in biological Research. 4th Edition W. H. Freeman, New York. xix, 937 P.##Stanley, J.G. and Trial, J.G., 1995. Habitat suitability index models: nonmigratory freshwater life stages of Atlantic salmon. Biological Science Report 3; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 19 P.##Taghizadeh, V., Imanpour, M.R. and Jahnbakhashi, A., 2013. Effect of water hardness on growth, survival, hematocrit and some blood biochemical indices of Kutum (Rutilus frisii kutum) fingerlings. Global Veterinaria, 10 (1): 22-25. DOI: 10.5829/idosi.gv.2013.10.1.7179.##UKTAG, 2015. Water framework directive - An approach to the revoked freshwater fish directive. United Kingdom Technical Advisory Group. 13 P.##USEPA, 2000. Ambient aquatic life water quality criteria for dissolved oxygen (saltwater): Cape Cod to Cape Hatteras. United States Environmental Protection Agency. 49 P.##USEPA, 2016. Habitat suitability index. Atlantic Ecology Division. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. https://archive.epa.gov/aed/html/research/scallop/web/html/hsi.htm##Vélez-Espino, L.A., 2006. Distribution and habitat suitability index model for the Andean catfish Astroblepus ubidiai (Pisces: Siluriformes) in Ecuador. Revista de Biología Tropical, 54(2), 623-638. DOI: 10.15517/rbt.v54i2.13937.##Verdipour, M., Eigderi, S. and Shams Esfand Abad, B., 2016. Fish habitat use characteristics of Barbus lacerta (Heckel 1843) in Taleghan River (Sefid River basin). Journal of Animal Environment, 8(3): 183-190 [In Persian].##Waskel, S. and Solanki, M., 2023. Heavy metal contamination of fish with relation to water quality of Narmada River, Madhya Pradesh. BioGecko, 12(2): 367-373. ##Wetzel, R.G. and Likens, G.E., 2000. Limnological analyses. Third Edition. Springer, New York, NY. 429 P.##Yao, W., Rutschmann, P. and Bamal, S., 2014. Modeling of river velocity, temperature, bed deformation and its effects on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) habitat in Lees Ferry, Colorado River. International Journal of Environmental Research, 8(4): 887-896. DOI: 10.22059/IJER.2014.781.##Zajac, Z., Stith, B., Bowling, A.C., Langtimm, C.A. and Swain, E.D., 2015. Evaluation of habitat suitability index models by global sensitivity and uncertainty analyses: a case study for submerged aquatic vegetation. Ecology and Evolution, 5(13): 2503–2517. DOI: 10.1002/ece3.1520.##Zamani Faradonbe, M., Eagderi, S. and Poorbagher, H., 2014. Study of habitat suitability index of Kura Barbel (Barbus cyri Filippi, 1865) in Taleghan River (Sefidrud River basin: Alborz Province). JAIR 2014; 2(2): 41-54 [In Persian].##Zamani Faradonbe, M., Eagderi, S. and Zarei, N., 2015. Determination of habitat suitability index of Capoeta gracilis, Keyserling 1861 from Taleghan River. Journal of Fisheries, 68(3): 409-419 [In Persian]. DOI: 10.22059/JFISHERIES.2015.56120.##Zamani Faradonbe, M., Eagderi, S. and Poorbagher, H., 2017. Habitat suitability index of Sefidrud hillstream loach (Oxynoemacheilus bergianus) in Taleghan River (Sefidrud River basin: Alborze province). Journal of Natural Environment, 96(4): 1017-11025 [In Persian]. DOI: 10.22059/JNE.2017.113784.818.##Zar, J.H., 2010. Biostatistical Analysis. 5th Edition, Prentice-Hall/Pearson, Upper Saddle River, xiii, 944 P.##Zingraff-Hamed, A., Noack, M., Greulich, S., Schwarzwälder, K., Pauleit, S. and Wantzen. K.M. 2018. Model-based evaluation of the effects of river discharge modulations on physical fish habitat quality. Water, 10: 374. DOI: 10.3390/w10040374.## ##

مقاله علمی – پژوهشی:‌ تجارت جهانی تون‌‌ماهیان و فرصت‌‌های پیش رو Global tuna trade and future opportunities 1 1  سال 2022 تجارت جهانی تون ماهیان ۳/۴۲ میلیارد دلار بود که پیش‌‌بینی شده است که در سال 2028 به 85/52 میلیارد دلار برسد. سه کشور تایلند، تایوان، اسپانیا از نظر مقداری و سه کشور تایلند، اسپانیا و اکوادور به‌ترتیب از لحاظ ارزشی 40 درصد تجارت جهانی این ماهیان را برعهده دارند. ماهی تازه (672 میلیون دلار)، فیله منجمد (1650 میلیون دلار)، ماهی کامل منجمد (4116 میلیون دلار) و آماده و بسته‌‌بندی (6765 میلیون دلار) در تجارت جهانی مبادله شده‌‌اند. در واقع، 6/58 درصد به صورت آماده و بسته‌بندی، 6/35 درصد کامل و منجمد و 4/2 درصد کامل و تازه در جهان مبادله می‌‌شود. در دوازده ساله منتهی به 1401 نیز میزان بهره‌‌برداری از ذخایر تون ماهیان در ایران با 8/4 درصد رشد به 289 هزار تن رسیده است. میزان صادرات تون‌‌ماهیان ایران با وجود رتبه اول صید در غرب اقیانوس هند و رتبه دوم در کل اقیانوس هند از 104 تن به ارزش حدود 425 هزار دلار به 2604 تن و ارزش 3/2 میلیون دلار رسیده و به‌ترتیب 8/30 و 15 درصد رشد مقداری و ارزشی داشته است. واردات نیز از 8/66 هزار تن به ارزش حدود 4/59 میلیون دلار به حدود 2/10 هزار تن و ارزش 9/20 میلیون دلار رسیده و به‌ترتیب 5/14 و 3/8 درصد رشد منفی مقداری و ارزشی داشته است. سهم این ماهیان از کل صید ایران 5/38 درصد و صادرات آن 4/1 درصد از صادرات آبزیان کل کشور است. افزایش قیمت داخلی 33 درصدی تون ماهیان در این دوره و تفاوت قیمت آن با نرخ وارداتی در سال جاری شرایط ویژه‌‌ای را در ایران رقم زده است. حال، مقاله با بررسی نقاط قوت و ضعف، فرصت‌‌ها و تهدیدات کشور، بهبود کیفیت صید، ارتقاء ناوگان و حمل و نقل، کاهش ضایعات در حلقه‌‌های مفقوده صنعت، تنوع‌‌دهی به محصولات فرآوری‌‌شده، تعامل سازنده با نهادها و سازمان‌‌های بین‌‌المللی، حضور و پایش مستمر در بازار جهانی و داشتن برنامه جامع و نقشه راه توسعه صنعت تون‌‌ماهیان در ایران را پیشنهاد می‌‌نماید. 2  In 2022, the world trade of tuna fish was 42.63 billion dollars, which is expected to reach 52.85 billion dollars in 2028. The three countries of Thailand, Taiwan, and Spain in terms of quantity and the three countries of Thailand, Spain and Ecuador in terms of value are in charge of 40% of world trade, respectively. Fresh tuna (USD 672 million), frozen fillets (USD 1.65 Billion), whole frozen fish (USD 4.116 Billion) and prepared and packaged fish (USD 6.765 Billion) have been traded in the world trade. In fact, 58.6% are prepared and packed, 35.6% whole and frozen and 2.4% whole and fresh are exchanged in the world. In the twelve years ending in 1401, the amount of exploitation of tuna stocks in Iran has reached 289 thousand tons with a growth of 4.8%. Iran's tuna fish export, despite being the first in the west of the Indian Ocean and the second in the Indian Ocean, has reached 2604 tons with a value of USD 425 thousand to 2604 tons with a value of USD 2.3 million, which is 30.8% and 15% growth in terms of quantity and value, respectively. Imports have also arrived from 66.8 thousand tons with a value of USD 59.4 million to 10.2 thousand tons with a value of USD 20.9 million and have grown by -14.5 and -8.3 percent, respectively. The share of these fish in the total catch of Iran is 38.5% and its export is 1.4% of the country's aquatic exports. The 33% increase in the domestic price of fish tuna in this period and the difference in its price with the imported price in 2024 have created special conditions in Iran. Currently, the article examines the country's strengths and weaknesses, opportunities and threats, quality of fishing, improvement of the fleet and transportation, reduction of waste in the missing links of the industry, diversification of processed products, as well as constructive interaction with international organizations and It suggests continuous presence and monitoring in the world market and having a comprehensive plan and road map for the development of tuna and tuna-like species industry in Iran. 21 32 2024/02/212024/01/25 1402/11/5 2024/06/302024/06/30 1403/4/10 افشین عادلی Afshin Adeli دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان Iran afshinadeli@yahoo.com عباس مختاری آبکناری Abbas Mokhtari Abkenari سازمان شیلات ایران Iran mokhtari48@gmail.com Fish trade Tuna fish Fisheries Seafood market Persian Gulf and Oman Sea تجارت آبزیان تون ماهیان شیلات بازار غذاهای دریایی خلیج فارس و دریای عمان Atuna, 2024. Knew your Business. Tuna info. Tuna product. (https://www.Atuna.com/)(2024/5)##Bjørndal, T., 2023. The Northeast Atlantic and Mediterranean Bluefin tuna fishery: Back from the brink. Marine Policy, 157, 105848 P.##FAO (Food and Agricultural Organization), 2017. Tuna a global perspective FAO fisheries and aquaculture department. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Viale delle Terme di Caracalla 00153 Rome, ITALY.6 P. ##FAO (Food and Agricultural Organization), 2023. GLOBEFISH Highlights – International markets for fisheries and aquaculture products – Second issue 2023, with January–December 2022 Statistics. No. 2–2023. Rome.##GLOBEFISH trade statistic Tuna, 2022. Trade and markets team. fisheries division (NFI). FAO. 00153 Rome. Italy.248 P.##IFO (Iranian Fisheries Organization), 2018. Iran fisheries statistic annual 2009-2018. Iran fisheries organization, Deputy of planning and development manager, Office of Budget and planning, Iran. 64 P.##IFO (Iranian Fisheries Organization), 2023. Iran fisheries statistic annual 2018-2022. Iran fisheries organization, Deputy of planning and development manager, office of Budget and planning.33 P.##INFOFISH. 2023a.INFOFISH International. Overview of the EU canned Tuna market and upcoming challenges. issue 3 / May-jun. pp. 8-16.##INFOFISH. 2023b.INFOFISH International. 5/ September-October.75P.##ISSF (International Seafood Sustainability Foundation), 2023. Status of the Stocks report multiple times each year using the most current scientific data on 23 major commercial tuna stocks. International Seafood Sustainability Foundation. March 8, 2023. News, Press Releases.##Jin, Y. and Gil, J.M., 2023. Price transmission during food safety incidents: The case of Spanish tuna fraud. Marine Policy, 156, 105794 P.##Kawamoto, T., 2022. A challenge to estimate global canned tuna demand and its impact on future tuna resource management using the gamma model. Marine Policy, 139, 105016.##Nikoeian, A., 1992. Catch status and stock management of tunas and related species in the Persian Gulf and the sea of Oman. Iranian Scientific Fisheries Journal, 1(0), 14-27. DOI:10.22092/isfj.1992.116167##Sayana, K.S., and Sirajudheen, T.K., 2017. January. By-products from tuna processing wastes-an economic approach to coastal waste management. In Proceedings of the International Seminar on Coastal Biodiversity Assessment, 411-420.##Sistani, M.A., Adeli, A. and Mira, S.A., 2019. Identification of the effective factors on the efficiency of the production section of the value chain of tuna in Iran. Iranian Scientific Fisheries Journal, 28(1):145-153.##Sistani, M.A., Adeli, A. and Mira, S.A., 2021. A value chain analysis on tuna and tuna-like species in Iran. Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences, 20(1):195-208.##Ulusoy, Ş., 2023. Determination of toxic metals in canned tuna sold in developed and developing countries: Health risk assessment associated with human consumption. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 187, 114518. DOI:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.114518 ##Wongsakul, S., Prasertsan, P., Bornscheuer, U.T. and HKittikun, A., 2003. Synthesis of 2‐monoglycerides by alcoholysis of palm oil and tuna oil using immobilized lipases. European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology, 105(2):68-73.## ##

مقاله علمی – پژوهشی:‌ اختلافات جدایه‌های بالینی و غذایی باکتری Listeria monocytogenes در میزان بیان ژن‌های inlA، hly، lmo1634، lmo1847، sigB و prfA در محیط آبگوشت میگو Differences between clinical and food isolates of Listeria monocytogenes in transcription levels of inlA, hly, lmo1634, lmo1847, sigB, and prfA genes in shrimp broth 1 1 Listeriosis یک بیماری مهم با نرخ مرگ‌ومیر بالاست (تا 30 درصد) که باکتری Listeria monocytogenes آن را ایجاد می‌کند. امروزه، تحقیقات نشان می‌دهد، باکتری L. monocytogenes در محصولات شیلاتی شیوع دارد. لذا، بررسی و کنترل بیان ژن‌های بیماری‌زا و ژن‌های عامل چسبندگی سویه‌های مختلف این باکتری در مواد غذایی حائز اهمیت است. در مطالعه حاضر، میزان بیان ژن‌های inlA، hly، lmo1634، lmo1847، sigB و prfA در دو سویه مختلف غذایی و بالینی L. monocytogenes تحت تاثیر نمک طعام و آبلیمو در آبگوشت میگو مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. نتایج آزمون t مستقل نشان داد که میزان بیان prfA در تیمارهای مرتبط با سویه بالینی به صورت معنی‌داری بیشتر از میزان بیان در سویه غذایی بود (05/0p<). به طور مشابه، میانگین بیان هر دو ژن عامل چسبندگی (lmo1847 و lmo1634) و ژن عامل استرس (sigB) برای سویه بالینی به صورت معنی‌داری بیشتر از سویه غذایی بود. نقش آبلیمو در افزایش بیان ژن‌های بیماری‌زایی و چسبندگی در دو جدایه غذایی و بالینی به صورت معنی‌داری بیشتر از سطوح مختلف نمک طعام بود (05/0p<). در مجموع، می‌توان اظهار داشت که میزان بیان ژن‌های کلیدی چسبندگی و بیماری‌زایی تحت تاثیر نگهدارنده‌ها و استرس‌های محیطی در سویه‌های مختلف L. monocytogenes متفاوت است. 2 Listeriosis, an important illness with a high mortality rate (up to 30%), is caused by Listeria monocytogenes. Nowadays, there are several reports that display the prevalence of L. monocytogenes in fisheries products. Therefore, it is important to investigate and control the expression of virulence genes and adhesion-related genes in different strains of this bacterium in foodstuffs. In this study, the expression levels of inlA, hly, lmo1634, lmo1847, sigB, and prfA genes in two isolates (food and clinical) were investigated under the influence of NaCl and lime juice in the shrimp broth. The results of the independent t-test for the prfA gene demonstrated that the expression level in the treatments of clinical strain was significantly higher than the food strain (p<0.05). Similarly, the average expression of both adhesion genes (lmo1847 and lmo1634) and stress gene (sigB) in the studied treatments for the clinical strain was significantly higher than the food strain. In both strains, the role of lime juice in increasing the expression of virulence and adhesion genes was significantly higher than in NaCl treatments (p<0.05). Overall, it can be stated that the transcription level of virulence- and adhesion-related genes upon exposure to preservatives may be different in the various L. monocytogenes isolates. 33 43 2024/02/212024/01/252024/04/9 1403/1/21 2024/06/302024/06/302024/06/30 1403/4/10 اسماعیل عبداله زاده E. Abdollahzadeh موسسه تحقیقات علوم شیلاتی کشور Iran abdollahzadeh@rocketmail.com امید جعفری O. Jafari موسسه تحقیقات علوم شیلاتی کشور Iran jaafari.omid@yahoo.com محمد حسن زاده صابر M. Hassanzadeh Saber موسسه تحقیقات علوم شیلاتی کشور Iran saber.merag@gmail.com Listeria monocytogenes Transcriptional regulation of gene Shrimp Pathogenicity Listeria monocytogenes تنظیم رونویسی ژن میگو بیماری‌زایی Abdollahzadeh, E., Rezaei, M. and Hosseini, H., 2014. Antibacterial activity of plant essential oils and extracts: The role of thyme essential oil, nisin, and their combination to control Listeria monocytogenes inoculated in minced fish meat. Food Control, 35(1):177-183. DOI:10.1016/j.foodcont.2013.07.004##Abdollahzadeh, E., Ojagh, S.M., Hosseini, H., Irajian, G. and Ghaemi, E.A., 2016. Prevalence and molecular characterization of Listeria spp. and Listeria monocytogenes isolated from fish, shrimp, and cooked ready-to-eat (RTE) aquatic products in Iran. LWT-Food Science and Technology, 73:205-211. DOI:10.1016/j.lwt.2016.06.020##Abdollahzadeh, E., Hosseini, H., Ojagh, S.M., Koushki, M.R., Moghaddam, L.A. 2021., Secondary modeling and strain variability of Listeria monocytogenes isolated from seafood and clinical samples at various environmental conditions using high-throughput turbidity method. Applied Food Biotechnology, 8(3):225-236. DOI:10.22037/afb.v8i3.33746 ##Abolhasani, M.H., Talebi, Z. and Payami Khomeran, M., 2020. Survey of pollution in areas of Anzali wetland to Yersinia enterocolitica and Listeria monocytogenes by microbial culture and PCR and their relationship to the pH and electrical conductivity of water. Iranian Scientific Fisheries Journal, 29(3):143-153. [in Persian]##Alessandria, V., Rantsiou, K., Dolci, P., Zeppa, G. and Cocolin, L., 2013. A comparison of gene expression of Listeria monocytogenes in vitro and in the soft cheese Crescenza. International Journal of Dairy Technology, 66(1):83-89. DOI:10.1111/1471-0307.12008##Behari, J. and Youngman, P., 1998. Regulation of hly Expression in Listeria monocytogenes by Carbon Sources and pH Occurs through Separate Mechanisms Mediated by PrfA. Infection and Immunity, 66(8):3635-3642. DOI:10.1128/iai.66.8.3635-3642.1998##Bowman, J.P., Bittencourt, C.R. and Ross, T., 2008. Differential gene expression of Listeria monocytogenes during high hydrostatic pressure processing. Microbiology, 154(2):462-475. DOI:10.1099/mic.0.2007/010314-0##Cheng, Y., Wang, X., Liu, Y., Qin, X., Li, Z. and Dong, Q., 2023. Growth and survival characteristics of Listeria monocytogenes of different sources and subtypes. LWT-Food Science and Technology, 184, 115-119. DOI:10.1016/j.lwt.2023.115114##Dussurget, O., 2008. New insights into determinants of Listeria monocytogenes virulence. International Review of Cell and Molecular Biology, 270:1-38. DOI:10.1016/S1937-6448(08)01401-9##Fagerlund, A., Langsrud, S., Schirmer, B.C., Møretrø, T. and Heir, E., 2016. Genome analysis of Listeria monocytogenes sequence type 8 strains persisting in salmon and poultry processing environments and comparison with related strains. PLoS One, 11(3):e0151117. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0151117 ##Guan, P., Wang, X., Dong, Z., Song, M., Zhu, H. and Suo, B., 2023. Cinnamaldehyde inactivates Listeria monocytogenes at a low temperature in ground pork by disturbing the expression of stress regulatory genes. Food Bioscience, 51:102277. DOI:10.1016/j.fbio.2022.102277##Hadjilouka, A., Molfeta, C., Panagiotopoulou, O., Paramithiotis, S., Mataragas, M. and Drosinos, E.H., 2016. Expression of Listeria monocytogenes key virulence genes during growth in liquid medium, on rocket and melon at 4, 10 and 30 °C. Food Microbiology, 55:7-15. DOI:10.1016/j.fm.2015.11.008##Hosseini, H., Abdollahzadeh, E. and Pilevar, Z., 2024. Addition of lime juice and NaCl to minced seafood may stimulate the expression of Listeria monocytogenes virulence, adhesion, and stress response genes. Food Science Nutrition, 00:1–8. DOI:10.1002/fsn3.4064##Huang, L., Hwang, C. A. and Sheen, S., 2023. Shelf-life boundaries of Listeria monocytogenes in cold smoked salmon during refrigerated storage and temperature abuse. Food Research International, 173:113362. DOI:10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113362##Jensen, A.K., Björkman, J.T., Ethelberg, S., Kiil, K., Kemp, M. and Nielsen, E.M., 2016. Molecular Typing and Epidemiology of Human Listeriosis Cases, Denmark, 2002–20121. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 22(4):625-633. DOI:10.3201/eid2204.150998##Kastbjerg, V.G., Larsen, M.H., Gram, L. and Ingmer, H., 2010. Influence of sublethal concentrations of common disinfectants on expression of virulence genes in Listeria monocytogenes. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 76(1):303-309. DOI:10.1128/AEM.00925-09##Lakicevic, B.Z., Den Besten, H.M. and De Biase, D., 2022. Landscape of stress response and virulence genes among Listeria monocytogenes strains. Frontiers in Microbiology, 12:738470. DOI:10.3389/fmicb.2021.738470##Liu, X., Basu, U., Miller, P. and McMullen, L.M., 2017. Differential gene expression and filamentation of Listeria monocytogenes 08-5923 exposed to sodium lactate and sodium diacetate. Food Microbiology, 63:153-158. DOI:10.1016/j.fm.2016.11.009##Lopes-Luz, L., Mendonça, M., Bernardes Fogaça, M., Kipnis, A., Bhunia, A.K. and Bührer-Sékula, S., 2021. Listeria monocytogenes: review of pathogenesis and virulence determinants-targeted immunological assays. Critical Reviews in Microbiology, 47(5):647-666. DOI:10.1080/1040841X.2021.1911930##Lukowiak, A.M., Mueller, K. J., Freitag, N.E. and Youngman, P., 2004. Deregulation of Listeria monocytogenes virulence gene expression by two distinct and semi-independent pathways. Microbiology, 150(2):321-333. DOI:10.1099/mic.0.26718-0##Mattila, M., Somervuo, P., Korkeala, H., Stephan, R. and Tasara, T., 2020. Transcriptomic and Phenotypic Analyses of the Sigma B-Dependent Characteristics and the Synergism between Sigma B and Sigma L in Listeria monocytogenes EGD-e. Microorganisms, 8(11), 1644. DOI:10.3390/microorganisms8111644##Melian, C., Bentencourt, E., Castellano, P., Ploper, D., Vignolo, G. and Mendoza, L.M., 2022. Biofilm genes expression of Listeria monocytogenes exposed to Latilactobacillus curvatus bacteriocins at 10 °C. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 370:109648. DOI:10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2022.109648##Milenbachs, A.A., Brown, D.P., Moors, M. and Youngman, P., 1997. Carbon‐source regulation of virulence gene expression in Listeria monocytogenes. Molecular Microbiology, 23(5):1075-1085. DOI:10.1046/j.1365-2958.1997.2711634.x##Momtaz, H. and Yadollahi, S., 2013. Molecular characterization of Listeria monocytogenes isolated from fresh seafood samples in Iran. Diagnostic Pathology, 8:149. DOI:10.1186/1746-1596-8-149##Nadon, C.-A., Bowen, B.-M., Wiedmann, M. and Boor, K.-J., 2002. Sigma B contributes to PrfA-mediated virulence in Listeria monocytogenes. Infection and Immunity, 70:3948 -3952. DOI:10.1128/IAI.70.7.3948-3952.2002##Pilevar, Z., Hosseini, H., Abdollahzadeh, E., Shojaee-Aliabadi, S., Tajedin, E., Yousefi, M., Bahrami, A. and Khosroshahi, N.K., 2020. Effect of Zataria multiflora Boiss. Essential oil, time, and temperature on the expression of Listeria monocytogenes virulence genes in broth and minced rainbow trout. Food Control, 109:106863. DOI:10.1016/j.foodcont.2019.106863##Rantsiou, K., Greppi, A., Garosi, M., Acquadro, A., Mataragas, M. and Cocolin, L., 2012. Strain dependent expression of stress response and virulence genes of Listeria monocytogenes in meat juices as determined by microarray. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 152(3):116-122. DOI:10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2011.08.009##Sheikh-Zeinoddin, M., Perehinec, T.M., Hill, S.E. and Rees, C.E., 2000. Maillard reaction causes suppression of virulence gene expression in Listeria monocytogenes. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 61(1):41-49. DOI:10.1016/s0168-1605(00)00371-8##Shi, H., Trinh, Q., Xu, W., Luo, Y., Tian, W. and Huang, K., 2013. The transcriptional response of virulence genes in Listeria monocytogenes during inactivation by nisin. Food Control, 31(2):519-524. DOI:10.1016/j.foodcont.2012.11.008##Stasiewicz, M.J., Wiedmann, M. and Bergholz, T.M., 2011. The transcriptional response of Listeria monocytogenes during adaptation to growth on lactate and diacetate includes synergistic changes that increase fermentative acetoin production. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 77(15):5294-5306. DOI:10.1128/AEM.02976-10##Swaminathan, B. and Gerner-Smidt, P., 2007. The epidemiology of human listeriosis. Microbes and Infection, 9(10):1236-1243. DOI:10.1016/j.micinf.2007.05.011##Tiong, H.K. and Muriana, P.M., 2016. RT-qPCR analysis of 15 genes encoding putative surface proteins involved in adherence of Listeria monocytogenes. Pathogens, 5(4), 60. DOI:10.3390/pathogens5040060##Upadhyay, A., Johny, A.K., Amalaradjou, M.A.R., Baskaran, S.A., Kim, K.S. and Venkitanarayanan, K., 2012. Plant-derived antimicrobials reduce Listeria monocytogenes virulence factors in vitro, and down-regulate expression of virulence genes. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 157(1):88-94. DOI:10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2012.04.018##Välimaa, A.-L., Tilsala-Timisjärvi, A. and Virtanen, E., 2015. Rapid detection and identification methods for Listeria monocytogenes in the food chain–A review. Food Control, 55:103-114. DOI:10.1016/j.foodcont.2015.02.037##Wang, Y., Sun, L., Hu, L., Wang, Z., Wang, X. and Dong, Q., 2022. Adhesion and kinetics of biofilm formation and related gene expression of Listeria monocytogenes in response to nutritional stress. Food Research International, 156:111-143. DOI:10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111143## ##

مقاله علمی – پژوهشی:‌ پویایی جمعیت و نسبت پتانسیل مولدین براساس طول ماهی هوور (Thunnus tonggol Bleeker, 1851) درآبهای شمالی دریای عمان (سواحل استان سیستان و بلوچستان) Population dynamics and length-based spawning potential ratio of longtail tuna (Thunnus tonggol Bleeker, 1851) in the northern waters of the Oman Sea (Coasts of Sistan and Baluchistan Province) 1 1 در این تحقیق، خصوصیات جمعیتی و نسبت پتانسیل مولدین براساس طول (LBSPR) ماهی هوور (Thunnus tonggol) بررسی شد. برای این منظور، اطلاعات از 4 منطقه تخلیه صید در سواحل استان سیستان و بلوچستان شامل بریس، پسابندر، پزم و کنارک جمع‌آوری شد. در مجموع، بیش از 700 عدد ماهی در ایستگاه‌های تحقیق (مناطق تخلیه صید)، مورد زیست‌سنجی قرار گرفت و شاخص‌های رشد به‌ترتیب شامل طول بی‌نهایت (سانتی‌متر) 132 =L∞، ضریب رشد سالانه 39/0=K، مرگ‌ومیر طبیعی سالانه 61/0=M، مرگ‌ومیر صیادی سالانه 88/0=F، مرگ‌ومیر کل سالانه 49/1=Z، ضریب بهره‌برداری سالانه 59 /0E=، سن در طول صفر 28/0- to=  سال و میزان شاخص عمکرد رشد (فایم پریم مونرو) 84/3 Φ'=به‌دست آمد. نسبت پتانسیل مولدین براساس طول در سال 1401 برای این گونه (27/0- 16/0) 21/0LBSPR= بود. این تحقیق نشان داد که این گونه دارای آسیب‌پذیری متوسط و وضعیت ذخیره متوسط بوده و میزان برداشت سالانه از ذخیره این گونه، در مرحله صید بی‌رویه قرار گرفته است. 2 In this research, population characteristics and length-based spawning potential ratio (LBSPR) of longtail tuna (Thunnus tonggol) were investigated. For this purpose, information was collected from 4 fishing grounds on the coasts of Sistan and Baluchistan Province, including Bris, Pasabandar, Pezam and Kanarak. In total, more than 700 fish were bio-measured in the research stations (catch loading areas), and the growth indices were infinite length L∞=132(cm), annual growth coefficient K=0.39, annual natural mortality M=0.61, the annual fishing mortality F=0.88, the total annual mortality Z=1.49 and the annual exploitation coefficient E=0.59 and the time of zero length to=-0.28 and the amount of growth performance index Φ'=3.84. The ratio of length-based spawning potential ratio (LBSPR) in 2022 for this species was LBSPR=0.21(0.16-0.27). This research showed that this species has medium vulnerability and medium stock status, and also the annual harvest of this species is in the stage of overfishing. 45 59 2024/02/212024/01/252024/04/92024/03/25 1403/1/6 2024/06/302024/06/302024/06/302024/06/30 1403/4/10 سید احمدرضا هاشمی Seyed Ahmadreza Hashemi موسسه تحقیقات علوم شیلاتی کشور Iran seyedahmad91@gmail.com مسطوره دوستدار Mastooreh Doustdar موسسه تحقیقات علوم شیلاتی کشور Iran mastooreh.doustdar@gmail.com Sistan and Baluchistan Province Longtail tuna Demographic characteristics Spawning potential ratio استان سیستان و بلوچستان ماهی هوور خصوصیات جمعیتی نسبت پتانسیل مولدین Adams, P., 1980. Life history Patters in maine fishes and their consequences for fisheries management. Fish Bulltin,78(1):1-5. ##Arrizabalaga, H., Murua, M. and Majkowski, J., 2012. Global status of tuna stocks: summary sheets. Revista de Investigación Marina, AZTI-Tecnalia, 19(8):645-676.##Bartulovic, V., Glamuzina, B., Conides, A., Dulcic, J., Lucic, D., Njire, J. and Kozul, V., 2004. Age, Growth, Mortality and Sex Ratio of Sand Smelt, Atherinaboyeri, Risso, 1810 (Pisces: Atherinidae) in the Estuary of the Mala Neretva River (Middle-Eastern Adriatic, Croatia), Journal Applied Ichthyology, 20(1):427-430. ##Carruthers, T.R. and Hordyk, A.R., 2018. The Data‐Limited Methods Toolkit (DLM tool): An R package for informing management of data‐limited populations. Methods in Ecology and Evolution, 9(12):2388-2395. DOI:10.1111/2041-210X.13081##Cheung, W., Pitcher, T. and Pauly, D., 2004. A fuzzy logic expert system to estimate intrinsic extinction vulnerabilities of marine fishes to fishing. Biological Conservation, 124(1):97-111. DOI:10.1016/j.biocon.2005.01.017##Collette, B.B. and Nauen, C.E., 1983. FAO species catalogue. Vol. 2. Scombrids of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of tuna, mackerel’s bonitos and related species known to date. FAO Fish Synopsis, 2:137 P. ##Cousido-Rocha, M., Cervi˜ no, S., Alonso-Fern´andez, A., Gil, J., Gonz´ alez Herraiz, I., Rinc´ on, M., Ramos, F., Rodríguez-Cabello, C., Sampedro, P., Vila, P. and GraziaPennino, P., 2022. Applying length-based assessment methods to fishery resources in the Bay of Biscay and Iberian coast ecoregion: Stock status and parameter sensitivity. Fisheries Research, 248(1):1-15. DOI:10.1016/j.fishres.2021.106197.##Darvishi M., Paighambari S.Y., Ghorbani A.R. and Kaymaram, F., 2018. Population assessment and yield per recruit of long tail tuna (Thunnus tonggol) in northern of the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea Sea (Iran, Hormozgan Province). Iranian Journal of Fisheries Science, 17(4):776-789. DOI:10.22092/ijfs.2018.116992 ##FAO, 2018. The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture 2018 - Meeting the sustainable development goals. Rome. Licenses: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO. 227 P.##Free, C.M., Jensen, O. P., Anderson, S., Gutierrez, N.L., Kleisner, K., Longo, C., Minto, C., ChatoOsio, G. and Walsh, J., 2020. Blood from a stone: Performance of catch-only methods in estimating stock biomass status. Fisheries Research, 223:1–10. DOI: 10.1016/j.fishres.2019.105452.##Froese, R., Demirel, N., Gianpaolo, C., Kleisner, K.M. and Winker, H., 2017. Estimating fisheries reference points from catch and resilience. Fish and Fisheries, 18(3):506-526. DOI:10.1111/faf.12190.##Froese, R. and Binohlan, C., 2000. Empirical relationships to estimate asymptotic length, length at first maturity and length at maximum yield per recruit in fishes, with a simple method to evaluate length frequency data. Journal. Fish Biology, 56(1):758-773. ##Froese, R. and Pauly, D., 2022. FishBase World Wide Web electronic publication. Available at: http://www.fishbase.org (Access on 26.05.2022).##Ganga, U. and Pillia, N., 2000. Field identification of scombroids from indian sea. Ln.Pillai,N.G.K., Menon,N.G., Pillai,P.P and Ganga,U. (Eds.) Management Scombroids Fisheries. Central Marine Fishery Research Institute, Kochine, pp.1-13.##Gayanilo, F.C., Pauly, D. and Parre, P., 2003. The FAO-ICLARM stock assessment tool (fisat) users guide. Rome, Italy.163 P.##Griffiths, S., Pepperell, J., Tonks, M., Sawynok, W., Olyott, L., Tickell, S., Zischke, M., Lynne, J., Burgess, J., Jones, E., Joyner, D., Makepeace, C. and Moyle, K., 2010. Biology, fisheries and status of longtail tuna (Thunnus tonggol), with special reference to recreational fisheries in Australian waters. FRDC Final Report 2008/058. 101 P.##Haruna, A., Mallawa, A., Musbir, M. and Zainuddin, M., 2018. Population dynamic indicator of the yellowfin tuna Thunnus albacares and its stock condition in the Banda Sea, Indonesia. AACL Bioflux, 11(4):1323-1333.##Hashemi, S.A.R. and Doustdar, M., 2022. Stock Assessment of Indo-Pacific King Mackerel, Scomberomorus guttatus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) in the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea, southern Iranian waters, using CMSY and DBSRA. International Journal of Aquatic Biology, 10(1):12-20.##Hashemi, S.A.R., Doustdar, M., Gholampour, A. and Khanehzaei M., 2020. Length-based fishery status of yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares Bonnaterre, 1788) in the northern waters of the Oman Sea. Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences, 19(6):2790-2803. DOI:10.22092/ijfs.2020.122747.##Hashemi, S.A.R., Doustdar, M. Ghasemzade, Gh. and Gholampour, A., 2021. Length-based fishery status of skipjack tuna, Katsuwonus pelamis (Linnaeus, 1758) (Teleostei: Scombridae: Scombrinae) in the northern waters of the Oman Sea (Iran). Iranian Journal of Ichthyology, 8(3):160-169. DOI:10.22034/iji.v8i3.552##Hashemi, S.A.R., Doustdar, M. and Mohebi Derakhsh, P., 2022. Stock assessment of Yellowfin tuna, Thunnus albacares (Bonnaterre, 1788) using the LBB and LB-SPR methods in the northern Oman Sea, Iran. International Journal of Aquatic Biology, 11(4):313-320. DOI:10.22034/ijab.v11i4.2009.##Hashemi, S.A.R., Erfani, A. and Rahimi, Q., 2023. Population Characteristics of Havoor fish (Long tailed tuna) in the waters of the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea, Hormozgan Province. Journal of Marine Fish, 5(1):51-68. [in Persian]##Hordyk, A., Ono, K., Valencia, S., Loneragan, N. and Prince, J., 2015. A novel length-based empirical estimation method of spawning potential ratio (SPR), and tests of its performance, for small-scale, data-poor fisheries. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 72(1):217–231. DOI:10.1093/icesjms/fsu004##IOTC, 2020. Report of the 10th Session of the IOTC Working Party on Neritic Tunas. IOTC–2020–WPNT10–R[E]. 73 P.##Iranian Fisheries Organization, 2023. Bureau of statistics, Fishery statistics yearbook, 25 P. [in Persian]##Jenning, S., Kasier, M. and Reynold, J., 2000. Marine Fisheries Ecology. Black wall Science, UK. 391 P.##Kaymaram, F. Hosseini, A., Darvishi, M. and Talebzadeh, A., 2009. Report on the changes in the population of large plagic fishes for the purpose of optimal exploitation in the waters of the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea. Final Report, Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute, Iran. 126 P. [in Persian] ##Kaymaram, F., Darvishi, M., Behzadi, S. and Ghasemi, S., 2013. Population dynamic parameters of Thunnus tonggol (Bleeker, 1851) in the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea. Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences, 12(4), 855-863.##King, M.G., 2007. Fisheries biology assessment and management. Second edition published by Blackwell Publishing Ltd., UK. pp. 189-194.##Kokkalis A., Eikeset A.M., Thygesen U.H., Steingrund P. and Andersen K.H., 2016. Estimating uncertainty of data limited stock assessments. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 74(1):69-77. DOI:10.1093/icesjms/fsw145. ##Korkmaz, B., Bolat, Y. and Cilbiz, M., 2023. Length-based Stock Assessment for the Data-poor Crayfish Fishery from the Eğirdir Lake, Türkiye. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 23(SI):12. DOI:10.4194/TRJFAS22354.##Kumar, R., Dineshbabu A.P., Rahanglade, R., Vase, V.K., Gohel, J. and Solanki, V., 2023. Assessing Low Value Crustacean Bycatch Species Using Length Based Bayesian Biomass (LBB) Method, a Tool for Data Poor Fish Stock Assessment. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 23(SI):12. DOI:10.4194/TRJFAS22189.##Lalèyè, P.A., 2006. Length-weight and length-length relationships of fish from the Ouémé River in Bénin (West Africa). Journal Applied Ichthyology, 22(1):502-510.##Mallawa A., Amir F. and Susianti W., 2015. Assessment of Katsuwonus pelamis conditions in Flores Sea waters, South Sulawesi. Proceedings of the National Symposium on Marine and Fisheries II, Hasanuddin University Press, pp. 299-307. (in Indonesian)##Mateus, A. and Estupina, B., 2002. Fish stock assessment of Piraputanga (Brycon microlepis) in the Cuiaba Basin. Braz Journal Biology, 10(1):165-170.##Mildenberger, T.K., Taylor, M.H. and Wolff, M., 2017. TropFishR: An R package for fisheries analysis with length- frequency data. Methods in Ecology and Evolution, 8(11):1520–1527, DOI:10.1111/2041-210X.12791##Mildenberger, T.K., Taylor, M.H. and Wolff, M., 2021. vignettes of TropFishR. Available at: https://cran.rproject.org/web/packages/TropFishR/vignettes/lfqData.html (Access on: Jully 20, 2022)##Nazari Bejgan, A., Darvishi, M., Kamrani, A. and Yasami, M., 2013. Growth parameters and estimation of Havoor fish growth using the fashion progress method in the waters of Hormozgan Province. Shilat journal, Journal of Natural resources of Iran, 65(1):89-98##Ovando, D., Free, C.M., Jensen, O.P. and Hilborn, R., 2022. A history and evaluation of catch-only stock assessment models. Fish and Fisheries, 23(1):616–630. DOI:10.1111/faf.12637##Prabhakar, A. and Dudley, R.G., 1989. Age, growth and mortality rates of longtail tuna Thunnus tonggol (Bleeker) in Omani waters based on length data. Indo-Pacific Tuna Development and Management Programme IPTP/89/GEN 16, 90-96.##R Development Core Team, 2022. R: A language and environment for statistical computing. vienna: foundation for statistical computing. Available at: http://www.R-project.org ##Rosenberg, A.A., Fogarty, M.J., Cooper, A.B., Dickey-Collas, M., Fulton, E.A., Gutiérrez, N.L., Hyde, K.J.W., Kleisner, K.M., Kristiansen, T., Longo, C., Minte-Vera, C., Minto, C., Mosqueira, I., Chato Osio, G., Ovando, D., Selig, E.R., Thorson, J.T. and Ye, Y., 2014. Developing new approaches to global stock status assessment and fishery production potential of the seas. FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Circular No. 1086. FAO, Rome. 175 P.##Silas, E.G., Pillai, P.P., Srinath, M., Jayaprakash, A.A., Muthiah, Balan, V., Yohannan, C.T.M., Siraimeetan, P., Mohan, M., Livingston, P., Kunhikoya, K.K., Pillai, M.A. and Sarma, P.S.S., 1986. Population dynamics of tunas: stock assessment. Bulletin of the Centre for Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Cochin, 36:20-27.##Sparre, P. and Venema, S.C., 1998. Introduction to tropical fish stock assessment, FAO Fisheries Technical Paper, Italy. 450 P.##Wilson, M.A., 1981. The biology, ecology and exploitation of longtail tuna, Thunnus tonggol (Bleeker) in Oceania. Macquarie University, New South Wales, p. 195.##Yasemi, M., Bajgan, A.N. and Parsa, M., 2017. Determining the growth and mortality parameters of longtail tuna (Thunnus tonggol Bleeker, 1851) using length frequency data in coastal waters of the northern Persian Gulf and Oman Sea, Iran. International Aquatic Resource, DOI:10.1007/s40071-017-0170-5##Yesaki, M. and Carrara, G.,1994. Age, growth and natural mortality of kawakawa (Euthynnus affinis) from the western Indian Ocean. Proceeding of the 5th Expert Cunsultation on Indian Ocean Tunas, Mahe, Seychelles, 4-8-October 1993. FAO-UNDP Indo-Pacific Tuna Development and Management Programme, Colombo, Sri-Lanka. IPTP, 8:62-66.##Zar, J.H., 1996. Biostatistical analysis. 3rd edition. Prentice-Hall Inc., New Jersey, USA. 662 P.##Zhai, L., Liang, C. and Pauly, D., 2020. Assessments of 16 Exploited Fish Stocks in Chinese Waters Using the CMS and BSM Methods. Frontiers in Marine Science, 7(1):1-10. DOI:10.3389/fmars.2020.483993##Zhang, K., Zhang, J., Zhang, P., Su, L., Hong, X., Qiu, Y. and Chen, Z., 2023. This is what we know: Assessing the stock status of the data-poor skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) fishery in the South China Sea. Front Marine Science, 10:1095411. DOI:10.3389/fmars.2023.1095411##Zhou, S., Punt, A.E. and Smith, A., 2018. An optimized catch-only assessment method for data poor fisheries. 2017. ICES Journal Marine, 75(1):964–976. DOI:10.1093/icesjms/fsx226## ##

مقاله علمی – پژوهشی:‌ تجمع فلزات سنگین جیوه و روی در بافت آبشش و ارتباط آنها با برخی از شاخص‌‌های بیوشیمیایی خون ماهی سی‌‌باس آسیایی (Lates calcarifer) Accumulation of heavy metals mercury and zinc in the gill tissue and their relationship with some blood biochemical parameters of Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer) 1 1 این تحقیق با هدف اندازه‌گیری و بررسی ارتباط بین فلزات سنگین (جیوه و روی) با برخی شاخص‌های بیوشیمیایی خونی و بافت‌‌ آبشش ماهی سی‌‌باس پرورش یافته در قفس در پاییز 1401 واقع در بندر کنگان انجام گرفته است. نمونه‌‌ها پس از تثبیت با الکل، به آزمایشگاه منتقل شدند. شاخص‌‌های زیست‌‌سنجی ماهیان شامل وزن)گرم) به‌‌وسیله ترازو و طول کل)سانتی‌‌متر) به‌‌وسیله تخته زیست‌سنجی اندازه‌‌گیری شدند. سپس از آبشش هر ماهی نمونه تهیه و به‌وسیله دستگاه اسپکتروفتومتری جذب اتمی شعله، میزان غلظت هر فلز به‌‌دست آمد. برای ارزیابی تجزیه‌وتحلیل بافتی، نمونه بافت آبشش جداسازی و به‌وسیله دستگاه پاساژ بافت تهیه شده و به‌‌روش هموتوکسین ائوزین رنگ‌‌آمیزی شدند. سنجش شاخص‌های بیوشیمیایی خون نیز براساس دستورالعمل کیت تجاری انجام گردید. نتایج این پژوهش نشان داد، میانگین فلز جیوه و روی به‌‌ترتیب 1/0 و 5/7  میکروگرم بر گرم در خون ماهی‌ها بود. میانگین غلظت کورتیزول، گلوکز، آلبومین، پروتئین‌‌کل، کلسترول و تری گلیسرید به‌‌ترتیب 5/50 نانوگرم برمیلی‌‌لیتر، 33/154میلی گرم بر دسی‌‌لیتر، 19/1گرم بردسی‌‌لیتر ، 36/3 گرم بر دسی‌‌لیتر ،194 میلی‌‌گرم بر دسی‌‌لیتر و 244 میلی گرم بردسی‌‌لیتر به‌‌دست آمد. در بررسی نمونه بافت آبشش ماهی سی‌‌باس آسیایی عوارضی مانند پرخونی، خونریزی، هیپرپلازی، نکروز سلولی و تخریب لایه اپیتلیوم رشته‌‌های اولیه و ثانویه آبشش، مشاهده گردید. غلظت فلزات سنگین جیوه و روی در بافت آبشش ماهی سی‌‌باس مورد مطالعه، پایین‌‌تر از حداستاندارد تعیین شده از سوی FAO و WHO بود. 2 This research was conducted with the aim of measuring and investigating the relationship between heavy metals (mercury and zinc) and some biochemical factors of blood and gill tissue of sea bass (Lates calcarifer) grown in cages in fall of 2022, located in Kangan port. After fixing the samples with alcohol, they were transferred to the laboratory. The biometric indexes of the fish including weight in grams were measured using a scale and total length in centimeters using a biometric board. Then, a sample of the gills of each piece of fish was prepared and the concentration of each metal was obtained by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry. To evaluate histological analysis, gill tissue samples were separated and stained by hematoxylin and eosin method. Blood biochemical factors were measured according to the instructions of the commercial kit. The results of this research showed that the average metal mercury and zinc were 0.1 and 7.5 microgram/g respectively in the fish blood serum of the samples. which was lower than WHO and FAO standards. The average concentration of cortisol, glucose, albumin, total protein, cholesterol and triglycerides were 50.55 ng/l, 154.33 mg/ dl, 1.19 g/dl, 3.36 g/dl, 194 mg/dl and 244 mg/dl were obtained, respectively. In the examination of the gill tissue sample of Asian seabass, complications such as hyperemia, bleeding, hyperplasia, cell necrosis and destruction of the epithelium layer of the primary and secondary strands of the gill were observed. The concentration of heavy metals mercury and zinc in the gill tissue of the studied seabass was lower than the standard limit determined by FAO and WHO. 61 75 2024/02/212024/01/252024/04/92024/03/252024/06/8 1403/3/19 2024/06/302024/06/302024/06/302024/06/302024/07/7 1403/4/17 سیامک یوسفی سیاه کلرودی Siamak Yousefi Siahkalroodi گروه زیست شناسی، دانشکده علوم زیستی، واحد ورامین- پیشوا، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی Iran siamak.yousefi1@gmail.com وحید مرشدی Vahid Morshedi گروه شیلات و زیست شناسی دریا، پژوهشکده خلیج فارس، دانشگاه خلیج فارس Iran morshedi.vahid64@gmail.com پرستو محبی درخش موسسه تحقیقات علوم شیلاتی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی Iran mdparastoo1356@yahoo.com مهیار یوسفی سیاه کلرودی دانشکده دامپزشکی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، Iran mahyaryousefi98@gmail.com شمری اصیل قاسم محمد 5- گروه زیست شناسی، دانشکده علوم پایه، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی Iran shil.bio.jour@gmail.com Asian seabass Histopathology Biochemical parameters Mercury Zinc سی‌‌باس آسیایی هیستوپاتولوژی شاخص‌های بیوشیمیایی جیوه روی Abadi, M., Zamani, A., Parizanganeh, A., Khosravi, Y., Badiee, H. 2017. Mercury concentration in water and fish samples along south coast of The Caspian Sea. Iranian Journal of Health and Environment. 10(3): 329-338. (In Persian).##Abubakar, M.I., Ezeri, G.N., Omoniyi, I.T., Akinloye, O.A. 2014. Histopathology of the gills, livers and kidney of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) exposed to Sniper 1000EC under laboratory conditions. Journal of Medical and Applied Biosciences. 6(1): 44-60.##Ahmdifar, A., Akrami, R., Ghelichi, A., Mohammadi Zarejabad, A. 2010. Effects of different dietary prebiotic insulin levels on blood serum enzymes, hematologic and biochemical parameters of great sturgeon (Huso huso) juveniles. Comparative Clinical Pathology Journal. 20: 447-451.##Alinejad, S., Shoaibi Omrani, B., Shokrzadeh, M., Ghaem Maghami, S., Yasemi, M., Amini Fard, A., 2014. Heavy metals accumulation in muscles of Psettodes erumei in Boushehr waters. journal of Aquatic Animals Nutrition. 1(2): 55-64. (In Persian).##Alkahemal, H., Zobeir, A., Alisoleiman, A., Almisned, F., Alamin, M. 2011. Toxicity bioassay of lead acetate and effects of its sublethal exposure on growth, haematological parameters and reproduction in Clarias gariepinus. African Journal of Biotechnology. 10(53): 11039-11047.##Askary Sary, A. 2010. The study of Heavy metals (Pb, Hg and Cd) in (Barbus grypus) and (Liza abu) in Karoon and Karkheh rivers. Journal of Marine Biology. 1(4): 107-95. (In Persian).##Askary Sary, A., Javahery Baboli, M., Mahjob, S., Velayatzadeh, M. 2012. The comparison of heavy metals (Hg, Cd, Pb) in the muscle of Otolithes ruber in Abadan and Bandar Abbas Ports, the Persian Gulf. Iranian Scientific Fisheries Journal. 21(3): 99-106. (In Persian).##Bridges D.W., Cech, J.J., Pedro, D.N. 1976. Seasonal haematological changes in winter flounder, Pseudopleuronectes americanus. Transaction of American Fisheries Society. 5: 596-600.##Calvert, J.B. 2004. Mercury: the role of mercury, especially its uses in science and engineering. http://www.du.edu/~jcalvert/phys/mercury.htm#pois##Canli, M., Ay, Ö., Kalay, M. 1998. Levels of Heavy Metals (Cd, Pb, Cu, Cr and Ni) in Tissue of Cyprinus carpio, Barbus capito and Chondrostoma regium from the Seyhan River, Turkey. Turkish journal of zoology. 22(2): 149-158.##Cicik, B., Engin, K. 2005. The effects of cadmium on levels of glucose in serum and glycogen reserves in the liver and muscle tissues of Cyprinus carpio (L., 1758). Turkish Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences. 29(1): 113-117.##Cogun, H.Y., Yuzereroglu, T.A., Firat, O., Gok, G. and Kargin, F., 2006. Metal concentrations in fish species from the Northeast Mediterranean Sea. Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Assessment. 121: 431-438.##Dadolahi Sohrab, A., Saghily, M., Khivar, N. 2011. Heavy metals (Ni, Cd, Pb, Cu) concentrations in seaweed and sediments along the coastal areas of Hormuzgan province (Bandar Abbas and Bandar Lengeh). Iranian Scientific Fisheries Journal. 20(1): 31-42. (In Persian).##Dange, D.A. 2010. Changes in carbohydrate metabolism in tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus, during short-term exposure to different types of pollutants environmental pollution. Journal of Animal and Veterinary. 41(2): 165-177.##FAO. 2022. The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture 2020.##Ghovati, N., Mohammadi, S., Mohammadi, V. 2011. Comparison and investigation of hardness and alkalinity changes with heavy metal poisoning in common carp. Journal of Wetland Ecobiology. (2)8: 21-28. (In Persian).##Gluth, G. and Hanke, W., 1985. A comparison of physiological changes in carp, Cyprinus carpio, induced by several pollutants at sublethal concentrations. I. The dependency on exposure time. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 9(2): 179-188.##Gul, Y., Gao, Z.X., Qian, X.Q., Wang, W.M. 2011. Hematological and serum biochemical characterization and comparison of wild and cultured northern snakehead (Channa argus Cantor, 1842). Journal of Applied Ichthyology. 27: 122-128.##Kalay, M., Canli, M. 2000. Elimination of essential (Cu and Zn) and non-essential (Cd and Pb) metals from tissues of a fresh water fish, Tilapia zillii.Tropical Journal of Zoology. 24: 429-436.##Kazlauskiene, N., Svecevicius, G., Vosyliene, M.Z., Marciulioniene, D., Montvydiene, D. 2004. Comparative study on sensitivity of higher plants and fish to heavy fuel oil. Environ Toxicol. 19(4): 449-451. doi: 10.1002/tox.20048. PMID: 15269924.##Khandanisharahi, T., Taghavi, L., Valinassab, T., Aienjamshid, K. 2018. Determination of heavy metals (Pb, Cd & Hg) Accumulation in Nemipterus japonicas in the Northern Persian Gulf and reveal health risks. Journal of Animal Environment. 9(4): 183-192. (In Persian).##Kohkan, O., Abdi, R., Zorrieh Zahra, S.J., Movahedinia, A., Sharifpour, E. 2016. Histopathological study of maid fish (Liza klunzingeri) in Bandar Abbas Coast line suspected to Viral Nervous Necrosis. Veterinary Journal. 29(3): 102-109. (In Persian). ##Kohkan, O., Shaybak, N. 2017. Histopathological effects of heavy metals on fish liver and gill tissue. Shipping and Maritime Technology. 4(1): 19-30. (In Persian).##Koshafar, A., Velayatzadeh, M. 2016. Risk assessment to consumers from mercury in Acanthopagrus latus. Journal of Food Hygiene. 6(3): 21-33. (In Persian).##Liu, X.J., Luo, Z., Li, C.H., Xiong, B.X., Zhao, Y.H., Li, X.D. 2011. Antioxidant responses, hepatic intermediary metabolism, histology and ultrastructure in Synechogobius hasta exposed to water borne cadmium. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. 74: 1156-1163.##Luskova, V., 1995. Determination of normal values in fish. Acta Universitatis Carolinae Biologica. 39: 191-200.##Mazej, Z.S., Sayegh-Petkovšek, A., Pokorny, B. 2010. Heavy metal concentrations in food chain of lake Velenjskojezero, Slovenia: an artificial lake from mining. Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology. 58: 998-1007.##Mendil, D., Dogan Uluozlü, Ö. 2007. Determination of metal levels in sediment of five fish species from lakes in Tokat, Turkey. Food Chemistry. 101: 739-745.##Meshkiniy, S., Rasooli Aghdam, H., 2019. Comparing Accumulation of Some Heavy Metals (Mercury, Copper, Zinc) In Liver and Muscle Tissues of Grown Carp and Sea Carp. Veterinary Research and Biological Products. 32(2): 75-83. (In Persian)##Metwally, M. 2009. Effect of garlic (Allium sativum) on some heavy metal (copper and zinc) induced alteration in serum lipid profile of Oreochromis niloticus. World Journal of Fish and Marine Sciences. 1: 1-6.##Mohiseni M., Asayesh S., Shafiee Bazarnoie S., Mohseni F., Moradi N., Matouri M., Mirzaee, N. 2016. Biochemical alteration induced by cadmium and lead in common carp via an experimental food chain. Iranian Journal of Toxicology. 10(4): 25-32.##Mousavi Moghadam, A., Norouzi, M., Esmaili, M., 2018. Investigation of Heavy Metals and its Relationship with Some Biometric Indices in the Muscle and gills of Rutilus frisii kutum in the Caspian Sea. Journal of Marine Biology. 10(1): 13-24. (In Persian)##Naseri, M., Afshar Naderi, A., Abedi, E., Rezaei, M., 2005. Measuring the amounts of some heavy elements (Iron, Copper, Zinc, Magnesium, Manganese, Mercury, Lead and Cadmium) in edible and non-edible tissues Green-backed mullet (Liza dussumieri) shores of Bushehr. Journal of Marine Science and Technology. 4(3-4): 59-67. (In Persian)##Norouzi, M., Sadeghi, M.M., Bagheri Tavani, M., Zandavar, H., 2019. Heavy Metal Accumulation in Tissues of Three Fish Species from the Persian Gulf. Journal of Environmental Science and Technology. 21(6): 197-212. (In Persian).##Oguzie, F.A., Izerbigie, A.A., 2009. Heavy Metals concentration in the organs of the silver Catfish, Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus (Lacèpéde) caught upstream of the Ikpoba River and the reservoir in Benin City. Bioscience Research Communications. 21(4): 189-197.##Rabitto, I.S., Costa, J.A., De Assis, H.S., Pelletier, E., Akaishi, F.M., Anjos, A., Ribeiro, C.O. 2005. Effects of dietary Pb (II) and tributyltin on neotropical fish, Hoplias malabaricus: histopathological and biochemical findings. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. 60(2): 147-156.##Rai, P.K., 2009. Heavy metal phytoremediation from aquatic ecosystems with special reference to macrophytes. Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology. 39(9): 697-753.##Romeo, M., Siau, Y., Sidoumou, Z. and Genassia- Garelli, M. 1999. Heavy metal distribution in different fish species from the Mauritania coaste. J.the Science of The Total Environment. 232: 169-175.##Shahsavani, D., Movassaghi, A.R., Omidzahir, SH. 2009. Protective effect of thiamine on the induced lesions by experimental lead poisoning in gold fish (Carassius auratus). Journal of Veterinary Research. 64(3): 237-242. (In Persian).##ShahnavazKhan, M., Javed, M., Rahman, M.D., Iresh Ahmed, M.D. 2020. Heavy metal pollution and risk assessment by the battery of toxicity tests, Scientific Reports. 10: 16593. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-73468-4##Shahryari, A., Golfirozy, K., Noshin, S. 2010. Muscular concentration of cadmium and lead in carp, mullet and kutum of the Gorgan Bay, Caspian Sea. Iranian Scientific Fisheries Journal. 19(2): 95-100. (In Persian).##Shakoori, M. and Abdali, S., 2017. Effect of Lead on Some Biochemical Indices of Farmed Silver Carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix). 12(1): 1-12. (In Persian).##Soltani, M., Khoshbavar Rostami, H., 2005. The effect of diazinon on haematological indices and LC50 (96 h) of Acipenser nudiventris. Iranian Scientific Fisheries Journal. 14(3): 49-60. (In Persian).##Sweety, R.R., Sajwan, K.S., Kumar, K.S. 2007. Influence of zinc on cadmium induced hematological and biochemical responses in freshwater teleost fish Catla catla. Fish Physiology and Biochemical Journal. 34: 169-174##Velma, V., Tchounwou, P.B. 2010. Chromium-induced biochemical, genotoxic and histopathologic effects in liverand kidney of goldfish, Carassius auratus. Mutation Research. 698: 43-51.##Wiener, J.G., Spry, D.J. 1996. Toxicologycal significance of mercury in freshwater fish. in: Beyer, W.N., Heinz, G.H., Rdmon-Norwood, A.W. (eds.). Environmental Contamination in wildlife: Interpreting Tissue Concentration.SETAC Special.##Yousefi, M., Abtahi, B., Abdian Kenari, A., 2011. Hematological, serum biochemical parameters, and physiological responses to acute stress of Beluga sturgeon (Huso huso) juveniles fed dietary nucleotide. Comparative Clinical Pathology Journal. 18: 1-6.##Yousefi Jourdehi, A. 2006. Determining the relationship of some blood and osmotic indicators in the process of sexual development of farmed ozone fish (Acipenser stellatus). Master's thesis. Islamic Azad university Lahijan branch. Iran. (In Persian).##Zhou, X., Li, M., Abbas, Kh., Wang, W. 2009. Comparison of hematology and serum biochemistry of cultured and wild Dojo loach Misgurnus anguillicaudatus. Fish Physiology and Biochemical Journal. 35: 435-441.## ##

مقاله علمی – پژوهشی:‌ اثرات افزودن اسید بوتیریک و پروبیوتیک Lactobacillus plantarum جیره غذایی بر شاخص‌های رشد و فعالیت آنزیم‌های گوارشی و آنتی‌اکسیدانی ماهی شانک زردباله عربی (Acanthopagrus arabicus Iwatsuki, 2013) Effects of dietary butyric acid and probiotic (Lactobacillus plantarum) on growth performance, digestive and antioxidant activities of Arabian yellowfin seabream (Acanthopagrus arabicus Iwatsuki, 2013) 1 1 یک مطالعه 70 روزه برای بررسی اثرات مکمل‌های غذایی اسید بوتیریک و پروبیوتیک Lactobacillus plantarum بر رشد، فعالیت آنزیم‌های گوارشی و آنتی‌اکسیدانی در ماهی زردباله عربی (Acanthopagrus arabicus) انجام شد. از اسید بوتیریک (BA) و پروبیوتیک L. plantarum برای طراحی شش خوراک آزمایشی به شرح ذیل استفاده شد: 1-شاهد (جیره بدون مکمل)، 2- نیم درصد اسید بوتیریک (BA 0.5) ، 3-یک درصد اسید بوتیریک (BA 1.0)، 4- پروبیوتیک (CFU/g 1.6 × 108) 5- نیم درصد اسید بوتیریک و پروبیوتیک (PRO+BA0.5)،6- یک درصد اسید بوتیریک و پروبیوتیک (PRO+BA1.0). پانصد و چهل ماهی با وزن اولیه 1/0 ± 7/2 گرم در 18 مخزن پلی اتیلن (300 لیتر) توزیع شدند. ماهی‌ها با جیره‌های آزمایشی سه بار در روز تا حد سیری تغذیه شدند و مطمئن می شدند که هیچ خوراکی در کف مخازن باقی نمی ماند. دمای آب و شوری آب به‌ترتیب 3/31 درجه سانتی‌گراد و 46 گرم در لیتر بود. ماهی‌های تغذیه شده با جیره‌های شاهد و پروبیوتیک نسبت به سایر گروه‌ها سرعت رشد و ضریب تبدیل غذایی بالاتری داشتند. ماهیان گروه PRO-BA1 طول کل بیشتری نسبت به سایر گروه‌ها داشتند. سطح گلوتاتیون در کبد ماهیان تغذیه شده با شاهد و PRO-BA0.5 بیشتر از سایر تیمارها بود. فعالیت سوپراکسید دیسموتاز در ماهیان تغذیه شده با جیره BA 1.0 کمتر از سایر تیمارها بود. فعالیت کاتالاز در ماهیان تغذیه شده با مخلوط پروبیوتیک و بوتیریک اسید بیشتر از سایر گروه‌ها بود. یافته‌های مطالعه حاضر نشان داد که گنجاندن بوتیریک اسید در رژیم غذایی به‌تنهایی ممکن است رشد را در A. arabicus کاهش دهد، اما استفاده از مخلوط پروبیوتیک و اسید بوتیریک در هر دو سطح 5/0 و 1 درصد می‌تواند ظرفیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی را در این گونه بهبود بخشد. به‌نظر می‌رسد، مقدار اسید بوتیریک مورد استفاده در این مطالعه بالاتر از مقادیر مذکور برای ماهیان گوشتخوار است. 2 A 70-day study was conducted to examine the effects of dietary butyric and probiotic (Lactobacillus plantarum) supplementation on growth, digestive and antioxidant enzymes activities in Arabian yellowfin seabream (Acanthopagrus arabicus). In this regards, butyric (BA) and L. plantarum were used to design six experimental feeds as follow: 1-control (diet without supplements), 2- probiotic (1.6 × 108 CFU/g) 3-BA 0.5 (0.5% BA supplementation), 4- BA 1.0 (1% BA supplementation), 5- PRO+BA0.5 (probiotic+0.5% BA), 6- PRO-BA 1.0 (probiotic+1% BA). Five hundred and forty fish with initial weight of 2.7 ± 0.1 g were distributed among 18 polyethylene tanks (300 L). Fish were fed with the experimental diets three times a day up to visual satiation making sure no feed remain at the bottom of the tanks. Water temperature and salinity were 31.3 °C and 46 ppt, respectively. Fish fed control and probiotic diets had higher growth rate and feed efficiency than other groups. Fish in PRO-BA1% group had higher total length than other groups. Alkaline phosphatase and chymotrypsin activities in fish fed mixture of probiotic and BA was higher than the other treatments. Amylase activity in fish fed BA1%, PRO-BA0.5 and PRO-BA1% was higher than other groups (P < 0.05). Protease, trypsin and lipase activities did not affect by dietary treatments. Glutathione level in the liver of fish fed control and PRO-BA0.5% was higher than other treatments. Superoxide dismutase activity in fish fed BA1% diet was lower than the other treatments. Catalase activity in fish fed mixture of probiotic and BA was higher than other groups. The findings of the present study demonstrated that inclusion of dietary BA alone might marginally compromise growth in A. arabicus juveniles, but using a mixture of probiotic and BA in both 0.5 and 1% can improve digestive enzyme activity and antioxidant capacity in this species. 77 86 2024/02/212024/01/252024/04/92024/03/252024/06/82024/02/18 1402/11/29 2024/06/302024/06/302024/06/302024/06/302024/07/72024/06/30 1403/4/10 رحیم اصولی Rahim Oosooli گروه شیلات، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه علوم و فنون دریایی خرمشهر، خرمشهر، ایران Iran rahimoosooli@gmail.com پریتا کوچنین Prita Kochanian گروه شیلات، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه علوم و فنون دریایی خرمشهر، خرمشهر، ایران Iran pkochanian@gmail.com منصور طرفی موزان زاده Mansour Torfi Mozanzadeh پژوهشکده آبزی پروری جنوب کشور، مؤسسه تحقیقات علوم شیلاتی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، اهواز، ایران Iran mansour.torfi@gmail.com تکاور محمدیان Takavar Mohammadian گروه علوم درمانگاهی، دانشکده دامپزشکی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران Iran t.mohammadian@gmail.com وحید یاوری Vahid Yavari گروه شیلات، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه علوم و فنون دریایی خرمشهر، خرمشهر، ایران Iran yavarivahid@yahoo.com Butyric acid growth indices Arabian yellowfin seabream Lactobacillus plantarum اسید بوتیریک شاخص‌های رشد شانک زردباله عربی Lactobacillus plantarum Aebi, H., 1974. Catalase. In: Bergmeyer, H.V., (Ed). Methods in Enzymatic Analysis, 2, pp. 674–684. Acadamic press Inc., New York, NY. ##Alamifar, H., Soltanian, S., Vazirzadeh, A., Akhlaghi M., Morshedi V., Gholamhosseini, A. and Torfi Mozanzadeh, M., 2020. Dietary butyric acid improved growth, digestive enzyme activities and humoral immune parameters in Barramundi (Lates calcarifer). Aquaculture Nutrition, 26:56–164. https://doi.org/10.1111/anu.12977.##Asriqah, L., Nugroho, R.A. and Aryani, R., 2018. Effect of various organic acid supplementation diets on Clarias gariepinus BURCHELL, 1822: Evaluation of growth, survival and feed utilization. F1000Research, 7:1465. https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.15954.1.##Bernfeld, P., 1955. Amylases, alpha and beta. Methods in Enzymology, 1:149–158. ##Bessey, O.A., Lowry, O.H. and M.J. Brock., 1946. Rapid coloric method for determination of alkaline phosphatase in five cubic millimeters of serum. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 164:321–329.##Beutler, E., Duron, O. and Kelly, B.M., 1963. Improved method for the determination of blood glutathione. Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine, 61, pp. 882–890.##Bradford, M.M., 1976. A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Analytical Biochemistry, 72:248–254. https://doi. org/10.1016/0003-2697(76)90527-3##Dawood, M.A., Koshio, S. and Esteban, M.Á., 2018. Beneficial roles of feed additives as immunostimulants in aquaculture: a review. Reviews in Aquaculture, 10:950–974. https://doi.org/10.1111/raq.12209##Iijima, N., Tanaka, S. and Ota, Y., 1998. Purification and characterization of bile salt-activated lipase from the hepatopancreas of red sea bream, Pagrus major. Fish Physiology and Biochemistry, 18(1):59-69. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1007725513389##Hoseinifar, S.H., Sun, Y.Z., Caipang, C.M., 2017. Short chain fatty acids as feed supplements for sustainable aquaculture: an updated review. Aquaculture Research 48: 1380–1391. https://doi.org/10.1111/are.13239.## ##McCord, J.M. and Fridovich, I., 1969. Superoxide dismutase an enzymic function for erythrocuprein (hemocuprein),” Journal of Biological Chemistry, 244:6049–6055.##Merrifield, D.L., Bradley, G., Harper, G.M., Baker, R.T.M., Munn, C.B. and Davies, S.J., 2011. Assessment of the effects of vegetative and lyophilized Pediococcus acidilactici on growth, feed utilization, intestinal colonization and health parameters of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum). Aquaculture Nutrition, 17:73-79. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2095.2009.00712.x##Reyshari, A., Mohammadiazarm, H., Mohammadian, T. and Mozanzadeh, M.T., 2019. Effects of sodium diformate on growth performance, gut microflora, digestive enzymes and innate immunological parameters of Asian sea bass (Lates calcarifer) juveniles. Aquaculture Nutrition, 25:1135–1144. https://doi.org/10.1111/anu.12929.##Rimoldi, S., Gliozheni, E., Ascione, C., Gini, E. and Terova, G., 2018. Effect of a specific composition of short‐ and medium‐chain fatty acid 1‐monoglycerides on growth performances and gut microbiota of gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata). PeerJ, 6, e5355. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.5355##Rodriguez-Estrada, U., Satoh, S., Haga, Y., Fushimi, H. and Sweetman, J., 2009. Effects of single and combined supplementation of Enterococcus faecalis, mannan oligosaccharide and polyhydroxybutyrate acid on growth performance and immune response of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss." Aquaculture Science, 57:609-617.‌ ##Salehi, M., Bagheri, D., Sotoudeh, E., Ghasemi A. and Mozanzadeh, M.T., 2022. The combined effects593 of propionic acid and a mixture of Bacillus spp. probiotic in a plant protein–rich diet on growth594 digestive enzyme activities, antioxidant capacity, and immune-related genes mRNA transcript abundance in Lates calcarifer fry. Probiotic Antimicrob Prot. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12602-021##Sangari, M., Sotoudeh, E., Bagheri, D., Morammazi, S. and Mozanzadeh. M.T., 2021. Growth, body composition, and hematology of yellowfin seabream (Acanthopagrus latus) given feeds supplemented with organic acid salts (sodium acetate and sodium propionate). Aquaculture International, 29:261–273. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10499-020-00625-x##Sotoudeh, E., Sangari, M., Bagheri, D., Morammazi, S. and Torfi Mozanzadeh, M., 2020. Dietary organic acid salts mitigate plant protein induced inflammatory response and improve humoral immunity, antioxidative status and digestive enzyme activities in yellowfin seabream, Acanthopagrus latus. Aquaculture Nutrition, 26:1669-1680. https://doi.org/10.1111/anu.13112##Sun, Y.Z., Yang, H.L., Ma, R.L., Song, K. and Li, J.S., 2012. Effect of Lactococcus lactis and Enterococcus faecium on growth performance, digestive enzymes and immune response of grouper Epinephelus coioides. Aquaculture Nutrition, 18:281-289. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2095.2011.00894.x##Tran, N.T., Li, Z., Wang, S., Zheng, H., Aweya, J.J., Wen, X. and Li, S., 2020. Progress and perspectives of short-chain fatty acids in aquaculture. Reviews in Aquaculture, 12:283–298. DOI:10.1111/raq.12317.##Wang, W., Sun, J., Liu, C. and Xue, Z., 2017. Application of immunostimulants in aquaculture: Current knowledge and future perspectives. Aquaculture Research, 48:1–23. DOI:10.1111/are.13161.##Wuertz, S., Schroeder, A. and Wanka, K.M., 2021. Probiotics in Fish Nutrition—Long-Standing Household Remedy or Native Nutraceuticals? Water 2021, 13, 1348. https://doi.org/10.3390/w13101348##Yilmaz, S., 2019. Effects of dietary caffeic acid supplement on antioxidant, immunological and liver gene expression responses, and resistance of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus to Aeromonas veronii. Fish and Shellfish Immunology, 86, 384-392. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsi.2018.11.068##Zarei, S., Badzohreh, G., Davoodi, R., Nafisi Bahabadi, M., Salehi, F., 2021. Effects of dietary butyric acid glycerides on growth performance, haematoimmunological and antioxidant status of yellowfin seabream (Acanthopagrus latus) fingerlings. Aquaculture Research, 52, 5840–5848. https://doi.org/10.1111/are.15458.##Ziaee Nejad, S., Rafiee, GH, Mirvaghefi, A., Farahmand, H., 2015. Evaluation of Bacillus subtilis and Lactobacillus plantarum effects on growth, survival and gut microflora of Arabian yellowfin seabream larvae (Acanthopagrus arabicus) with different application methods. Fisheries (Iran natural resources), 68 (2):287-298.## ##

مقاله علمی – پژوهشی:‌ اثرات سطوح مختلف کود زیستی حاوی باکتری‌های حل کننده فسفات بر فرایند هضم هوازی پسماند جامد ماهی تیلاپیای نیل (Oreochromis niloticus) به منظور تولید کود مایع Effects of different levels of biofertilizer containing phosphate solubilizing bacteria on aerobic digestion of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) sludge to produce liquid fertilizer 1 1 در این پژوهش اثرات سطوح مختلف کود زیستی حاوی باکتری‌های حل کننده فسفات بر فرایند هضم هوازی پسماند جامد ماهی تیلاپیای نیل (Oreochromis niloticus) در شرایط آزمایشگاهی در قالب یک طرح کاملاً تصادفی بررسی شد. تیمارهای آزمایش در سه تکرار شامل هضم هوازی پسماند جامد ماهی تیلاپیای نیل بدون افزودن کود زیستی (تیمار شاهد) و هضم هوازی پسماند جامد ماهی با افزودن 1/0 و 2/0 درصد کود زیستی حاوی باکتری‌های حل کننده فسفات (Pseudomonas putida strain P13 و agglomerans strain P5 Pantoea) بود. ظروف هضم هوازی یک لیتری (9 ظرف) در داخل انکوباتور شیکردار در درجه حرارت 30 درجه سانتی‌گراد به مدت 28 روز نگهداری شدند. نتایج این آزمایش نشان داد که غلظت عناصر مغذی فسفات، پتاسیم و آهن در روز چهاردهم آزمایش در تیمارهای کود زیستی به طور معنی‌داری بیشتر از تیمار شاهد بوده، اما غلظت آنها در روز بیست و هشتم در تیمار کود زیستی 1/0 درصد به طور معنی‌داری بیشتر از سایر تیمارها بود (05/0p<). غلظت عنصر منگنز در روزهای چهاردهم و بیست و هشتم در تیمار کود زیستی 1/0 درصد در مقایسه با سایر تیمارها بیشتر بود (05/0p<). نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد که هضم هوازی پسماند جامد ماهی تیلاپیای نیل به مدت دو هفته با افزودن کود زیستی حاوی باکتری‌های حل کننده فسفات  (P. putida strain P13 و agglomerans strain P5 .P) با شمارش ۱۰۷ از هر باکتری در میلی لیتر (CFU/mL) به میزان 1/0 درصد، آزادسازی و انحلال مواد مغذی را بهبود بخشید. 2 In this study, the effects of different levels of biofertilizer containing phosphate solubilizing bacteria on aerobic digestion of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) sludge were investigated in vitro under a completely randomized design. Three experimental treatments including aerobic digestion of Nile tilapia solid sludge without adding biofertilizer (control) and aerobic digestion of solid sludge with adding biofertilizer containing phosphate solubilizing bacteria (Pseudomonas putida strain P13 and Pantoea agglomerans strain P5) at levels of 0.1% and 0.2% were used in triplicate. The aerobic digestion containers with a capacity of 1 L (9 containers) were kept in a shaker incubator at 30ºC for 28 days. The results showed that the concentration of phosphate, potassium, and iron nutrients on the 14th day of the experiment in the biofertilizer treatments were significantly higher than the control, but their concentrations on the 28th day in the biofertilizer-0.1% treatment were significantly higher than other treatments )p<0/05). The manganese concentration on the 14th and 28th days in the biofertilized-0.1% treatment was higher than other treatments (p<0/05). The results of the present study indicated that the aerobic digestion of fish sludge for two weeks with adding biofertilizer containing phosphate solubilizing bacteria (P. putida strain P13 and P .agglomerans strain P5) by counting 107 of each bacteria per mL (CFU/mL) at 0.1% improved the release and dissolution of nutrients. 87 100 2024/02/212024/01/252024/04/92024/03/252024/06/82024/02/182024/05/10 1403/2/21 2024/06/302024/06/302024/06/302024/06/302024/07/72024/06/302024/06/30 1403/4/10 محمد حسین مددی Mohamad Hossein Madady دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد Iran hosseinmady1@gmail.com مهرداد سرخیل mehrdad sarkheil دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد Iran sarkheil@um.ac.ir سعید زاهدی saeed zahedi دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد Iran saeedzahedi@um.ac.ir حسین آروئی Hossein Arouei دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد Iran aroiee@um.ac.ir Aerobic digestion Fish solid sludge Biofertilizer Nutrients Nile tilapia هضم هوازی پسماند جامد ماهی کود زیستی عناصر مغذی تیلاپیای نیل Abbo, 2020. Inoculating fish sludge from aquaponics with microbes to enhance mineralization of phosphorus. Master’s thesis. Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Belgium, 45 P.##Abd-Alla, M.H., 1994. Solubilization of rock phosphates by Rhizobium and Bradyrhizobium. Folia Microbiologica, 39(1):53-6. DOI:10.1007/BF02814530##AOAC (Association of Officiating Analytical Chemists), 2005. Official Methods of Analysis, 18th ed. AOAC International, Maryland, USA, 771 P.##Armandeh, M., Mahmoudi, N. and Fallah Nosratabad, A.R., 2022. Screening and evaluation of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria isolated from aquaculture ponds in a step-by-step strategy as potential biofertilizer. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 00:1–16. DOI:10.1111/jam.15660##Ben Farhat, M., Salma, T. and Hichem, C., 2014. Encapsulation in alginate enhanced the plant growth promoting activities of two phosphate solubilizing bacteria isolated from the phosphate mine of Gafsa. Net. The Journal of Agricultural Science, 2 (4):131–139.##Bridgham, S.D. and Ye, R., 2013. Organic matter mineralization and decomposition. In: Bridgham, S., Ye, R., Delaune, R.D. and Megonigal, P., (ed) Methods in biogeochemistry of wetlands. Soil Science Society of America, Inc., Madison, Wisconsin, USA, pp. 385-406. DOI:10.2136/sssabookser10.c20##Delaide, B., Delhaye, G., Dermience, M., Gott, J., Soyeurt, H. and Jijakli, M.H., 2017. Plant and fish production performance, nutrient mass balances, energy and water use of the PAFF Box, a small-scale aquaponics system. Aquacultural Engineering, 78:130-139. DOI:10.1016/j.aquaeng.2017.06.002##Delaide, B., Goddek, S., Keesman, K. and Jijakli, H., 2018. A methodology to quantify aerobic and anaerobic sludge digestion performances for nutrient recycling in aquaponics. Biotechnologie Agronomie Société et Environnement, 22(2):106-112. DOI:10.25518/1780-4507.16406##Droste, R. and Gehr, R.L., 2018. Theory and practice of water and wastewater treatment. John Wiley and Son, 992 P. DOI:10.5860/choice.34-4491##El-Sayed, A.F.M., 2006. Tilapia Culture. CAB International, Wallingford, 277. DOI:10.1079/9780851990149.0000##Ezziddine, M., Liltved, H. and Homme, J.M., 2020. A method for reclaiming nutrients from aquacultural waste for use in soilless growth systems. Water Science & Technology, 81(1):81-89. DOI:10.2166/wst.2020.079##FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization), 2016. The state of world fisheries and aquaculture, In: Contributing to food security and nutrition for all. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome.##FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization), 2020. The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture. Food and Agriculture organization of the United Nation.##Gao, X.T., Zhang, H.G., Xu, Y.F., Ni, Q., Zhang, Y.L. and Tan, H.X., 2022. Effects of humic acid on the nitrogen utilization efficiency and microbial communities in aquaponic systems. Aquaculture, 547: 737475.DOI:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2021.737475##Goddek, S., Delaide, B. and Mankasingh, U., 2015. Challenges of sustainable and commercial aquaponics. Sustain, 7:4199–4224.DOI: 10.3390/su7044199##Goddek S., Joyce A., Kotzen B. and Burnell G.M., 2019. Aquaponics food production systems. Springer. DOI:10.1007/978-3-030-15943-6## Han, L., Wang, X., Li, B., Shen, G., Tao, S., Fu, B., Han, Y., Li, W., Long, S., Peng, S. and Xu J., 2022. Enhanced Fe-bound phosphate availability by thecombined use of Mg-modified biochar and phosphate-solubilizing bacteria. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 10(2):107232. DOI:10.1016/j.jece.2022.107232##Holm-Nielsen, J.B., Al Seadi, T. and Oleskowicz-Popiel, P., 2009. The future of anaerobic digestion and biogas utilization. Bioresource Technology, 100:5478–5484. DOI:10.1016/j.biortech.2008.12.046.##Illmer, P. and Schinner, F., 1992. Solubilization of inorganic phosphates by microorganisms isolated from forest soil. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 24 (4):389–395. DOI:10.1016/0038-0717(92)90199-8##Katznelson, H., Peterson, E.A. and Rovatt, J.W., 1962. Phosphate dissolving microoganisms on seed and in the root zoneof plants. Canadian Journal of Botany, 40(9):1181–86. DOI:10.1139/B62-108##Khan, K.S. and Joergensen, R.G., 2009. Changes in microbial biomass and P fractions in biogenic household waste compost amended with inorganic P fertilizers. Bioresource Technology, 100:303. DOI:10.1016/j.biortech.2008.06.002##Khiari, Z., Kaluthota, S. and Savidov, N., 2018. Aerobic bioconversion of aquaculture solid waste into liquid fertilizer: Effects of bioprocess parameters on kinetics of nitrogen mineralization. Aquaculture. DOI:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2018.10.059##Mmanda, F.P., Lindberg, J.E., Norman Haldén, A., Mtolera, M.S.P., Kitula, R. and Lundh, T., 2020. Digestibility of local feed ingredients in tilapia Oreochromis niloticus Juveniles, determined on faeces collected by siphoning or stripping. Fishes, 5(4):32. DOI:10.3390/fishes5040032##Monsees, H., Keitel, J., Paul, M., Kloas, W. and Wuertz, S., 2017. Potential of aquacultural sludge treatment for aquaponics: evaluation of nutrient mobilization under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Aquaculture Environment Interactions, 9:9–18. DOI:10.3354/aei00205##Qian, T., Yang, Q., Jun, D. C. F., Dong, F. and Zhou, Y., 2019. Transformation of phosphorus in sewage sludge biochar mediated by a phosphate‑solubilizing microorganism. Chemical Engineering Journal, 359:1573-1580. DOI:10.1016/j.cej.2018.11.015##Rodrıguez, H. and Fraga, R., 1999. Phosphate solubilizing bacteria and their role in plant growth promotion. Biotechnology Advances, 17: 319–339. DOI: 10.1016/S0734-9750(99)00014-2##Sarikhani, M.R., 2016. Increasing potassium (K) release from K-containing minerals in the presence of insoluble phosphate by bacteria. Biological Journal of Microorganism, 4 (16):87- 96. ##Sele, V., Ali, A., Liland, N., Lundebye, A.K., Tibon, J., Araujo, P., Sindre, H., Nilsen, H., Hagemann, A. and Belghit, I., 2024. Characterization of nutrients and contaminants in fish sludge from Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) production sites - A future resource. Journal of Environmental Management, 360:121103. DOI:10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.121103##Sharma, A.K., 2002. Biofertilizers for sustainable agriculture. Agrobios, India, 407 P. DOI:10.1201/9781003220831-19## Sharma, S. B., Sayyed, R. Z., Trivedi, M. H. and Gobi, T. A., 2013. Phosphate solubilizing microbes: sustainable approach for managing phosphorus deficiency in agricultural soils. Springerplus, 2:587–600. DOI:10.1186/2193-1801-2-587.##Stevenson, F.J., 2005. Cycles of Soil: carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, micronutrients. John Wiley and Sons, New York. 448 P. ##Strauch S., Wenzel L., Bischoff A., Dellwig O., Klein J., Schüch A., Wasenitz B. and Palm H., 2018. Commercial African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) recirculating aquaculture systems: Assessment of element and energy pathways with special focus on the phosphorus cycle. Sustainability, 10(6):1805. DOI:10.3390/su10061805##Turcios, A.E. and Papenbrock, J., 2014. Sustainable treatment of aquaculture effluents-what can we learn from the past for the future? Sustainability (Switzerland), 6:836-856. DOI:10.3390/su6020836.##Zhang, H., Gao, Y., Shi, H., Lee, C.T., Hashim, H., Zhang, Z., Wu, W.M. and Li, C., 2020. Recovery of nutrients from fish sludge in an aquaponic system using biological aerated filters with ceramsite plus lignocellulosic material media. Journal of Cleaner Production, 258:120886. DOI:10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.120886##Zhang, H., Gao, Y., Liu, J., Lin, Z., Lee, C.T., Hashim, H., Wu, W.M. and Lia, C., 2021. Recovery of nutrients from fish sludge as liquid fertilizer to enhance sustainability of aquaponics: a Review. Chemical Engineering Transactions, 83:55-60. DOI:10.3303/CET2183010## ##

مقاله علمی – پژوهشی:‌ ارزش غذایی ماهی باس دریایی آسیایی (Lates calcarifer) پرورش یافته در قفس‌های دریایی خلیج چابهار Nutritional value of Asian sea bass (Lates calcarifer) cultured in sea cages in Chabahar Bay 1 1 در مطالعه حاضر، ارزش غذایی ماهی باس دریایی آسیایی پرورش یافته در قفس بر اساس سنجش ترکیبات تقریبی و مواد معدنی به‌ترتیب طبق روش استاندارد AOAC و طیف سنجی UV-Vis و شاخص‌‌های کیفیت پروتئین بر پایه آنالیز اسیدهای آمینه با استفاده از روش هیدرولیز اسیدی و کروماتوگرافی بررسی شد. طبق نتایج، میزان رطوبت، پروتئین، چربی و خاکستر به‌ترتیب 78/77، 36/17، 21/3 و 56/1 درصد وزن خشک و محتوای انرژی برابر با 33/98 کیلوکالری در 100 گرم تعیین شد. نتایج مواد معدنی حاکی از محتوای بالای سدیم و پتاسیم با مقدار 98/50 ±41/371 و 23/40± 26/230 میلی‌‌گرم در 100 گرم نمونه و منگنز با مقدار 11/0 ± 29/0 میلی‌‌گرم در کیلوگرم نمونه دارای کمترین سطح بود. در مجموع، 18 اسید آمینه مورد شناسایی قرار گرفت که از این تعداد 9 اسید آمینه ضروری تشخیص داده شد. اسیدهای آمینه گلوتامیک، آسپارتیک و لیزین در این پروفایل غالب بودند. مقادیر شاخص‌‌های کیفیت پروتئین شامل شاخص اسیدهای آمینه ضروری، ارزش زیستی، شاخص تغذیه‌‌ای و نسبت کارایی پروتئین در این گونه به‌ترتیب برابر با 955/58، 53/52، 23/10 و 90/2 به‌دست آمد. 2 In the present study, the nutritional value of Asian seabass grown in cages was evaluated based on the measurement of proximate compounds and minerals according to AOAC standard method and UV-Vis spectroscopy, respectively, and protein quality indicators were evaluated based on the amino acid analysis using acid hydrolysis and chromatography. According to the results, the levels of moisture, protein, fat, and ash were determined as 77.78, 17.36, 3.21 and 1.56%, respectively, and the energy content was 98.33 kcal/100 g. The results of minerals indicated a high content of sodium and potassium at 371.41±50.98 and 230.26±40.23 mg/100 g and manganese had the lowest level at 0.29±0.11 mg/kg. A total of 18 amino acids were identified, of which 9 were identified as essential amino acids. Glutamic, aspartic, and lysine amino acids were dominant in this profile. The values ​​of protein quality indices including essential amino acids index, biological value, nutritional index, and protein efficiency ratio in this species were obtained as 58.955, 52.53, 10.23, and 2.90, respectively. 101 112 2024/02/212024/01/252024/04/92024/03/252024/06/82024/02/182024/05/102024/06/30 1403/4/10 2024/06/302024/06/302024/06/302024/06/302024/07/72024/06/302024/06/302024/06/30 1403/4/10 سراج بیتا Seraj Bita دانشگاه دریانوردی و علوم دریایی چابهار Iran serajbita@yahoo.com Nutritional quality Cage culture Chabahar Bay Lates calcarifer کیفیت تغذیه‌‌ای پرورش در قفس خلیج چابهار Lates calcarifer Adewoye, S.O. and Omotosho, J.S., 1997. Nutrient composition of some freshwater fishes in Nigeria. Bioscience Research Communication, 11(4):333-336.##Adeyeye, E.I., 2009. Amino acid composition of three species of Nigerian fish: Clarias anguillaris, Oreochromis niloticus and Cynoglossus senegalensis. Food Chemistry, 113(1):43-46. DOI:10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.07.007##Ahmed, I., Jan, K., Fatma, S. and Dawood, M.A., 2022. Muscle proximate composition of various food fish species and their nutritional significance: A review. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition, 106(3):690-719. DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13711 ##AOAC., 2005. Official Method of Analysis of AOAC Intl. 15th ed. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, WilsonBoalevard, Arlinton Virginia, USA. 2:910-928.##Atwater, W.O. and Woods, C.D., 1897. Dietary Studies with Reference to the Food of the Negro in Alabama in 1895 and 1896 (No. 38). US Government Printing Office, Washington. 86 P.##Ayeloja, A.A., Jimoh, W.A. and Garuba, A.O., 2024. Nutritional quality of fish oil extracted from selected freshwater fish species. Food Chemistry Advances, 4:100720. DOI:10.1016/j.focha.2024.100720##Cobas, N., Gómez-Limia, L., Franco, I. and Martínez, S., 2022. Amino acid profile and protein quality related to canning and storage of swordfish packed in different filling media. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 107:104328. DOI:10.1016/j.jfca.2021.104328##Desai, A.S., Beibeia, T., Brennan, M.A., Guo, X., Zeng, X.A. and Brennan, C.S., 2018. Protein, amino acid, fatty acid composition, and in vitro digestibility of bread fortified with Oncorhynchus tschawytscha powder. Nutrients, 10(12):1923. DOI:10.3390/nu10121923##FAO, 2022. The state of world fisheries and aquaculture in 2022. Towards blue transformation. FAO Publisher, Rome. 236 P.##FAO/WHO., 1973. Energy and protein requirements. Technical report series No. 522. World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland. Retrieved from https ://apps.who.int/iris/bitst ream/handl e/10665/ 41042/ WHO_TRS_522_eng.pdf?seque nce=1&isAllowed=y.##FAO/WHO/UNU., 2017. Food and agriculture organization of the United Nations/World health organization. Protein Quality Assessment in Follow-up Formula for Young Children and Ready to Use Therapeutic Foods: Report of an FAO Expert Consultation Rome, Italy (Accessed 7.1.21). http://www.fao.org/3/CA2487EN/ca2487en.pdf.##Farmanfarmaian, A. and Sun, L.Z., 1999. Growth hormone effects on essential amino acid absorption, muscle amino acid profile, N-retention and nutritional requirements of striped bass hybrids. Genetic Analysis: Biomolecular Engineering, 15(3-5):107-113. DOI:10.1016/S1050-3862(99)00012-1##Fazielawanie, N.M.R., Siraj, S.S., Harmin, S.A. and Ina-Salwany, M.Y., 2013. Isolation and partial characterization of Asian sea bass (Lates calcarifer) Vitellogenin. Fish physiology and biochemistry, 39, pp.191-200. DOI:10.1007/s10695-012-9690-5.##Frister, H., Meisel, H. and Schlimme, E., 1988. OPA method modified by use of N, N-dimethyl-2-mercaptoethylammonium chloride as thiol component. Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische chemie, 330(7):631-633. DOI:10.1007/BF00473782##Geremew, H., Abdisa, M. and Goshu, G., 2020. Proximate composition of commercially important fish species in southern Gulf of Lake Tana, Ethiopia. Ethiopian Journal of Science and Technology, 13(1):53-63. DOI:10.4314/ejst.v13i1.4##Ghosh, A.K., Ray, S., Roy, B.K., Shahid, R.B., Rahman, M.M., Kumar, R., Hossain, K.M.R. and Sarower, M.G., 2023. Heavy metals, trace elements and biochemical composition of Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer) in coastal areas of Bangladesh. Aquaculture, Aquarium, Conservation & Legislation - International Journal of the Bioflux Society, 16(6):3461-3469.##Gull, A., Zafar, F.H.S., Panhwar, S.K., Bat, L. and Zahid, M., 2024. Seasonal determination of proximate composition and essential elements in commercial fishes from Pakistan and human health risk assessment. Food and Raw Materials, 12(2):361-372. DOI:10.21603/2308-4057-2024-2-614##Hertzler, S.R., Lieblein-Boff, J.C., Weiler, M. and Allgeier, C., 2020. Plant proteins: assessing their nutritional quality and effects on health and physical function. Nutrients, 12(12):3704. DOI:10.3390/nu12123704##Kamruzzaman, S., Hossain, M.D., Jewel, M.A.S., Khanom, D.A., Mustary, S. and Khatun, M.M., 2015. Proximate composition and nutritional value of different life stages of Lates calcarifer (Bloch, 1790). University Journal of Zoology Rajshahi University, 34:21-24.##Kang, X., Zhang, G., Wu, Y. and Deng, C., 2022. Nutritional Appraisal and Antidiabetic Activity of a Kind of Mixed Plasma Proteolytic Peptide from Tachpleus tridentatus. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, 10(10):1502. DOI:10.3390/jmse10101502##Khan, M.A., Hossain, M.A., Chowdhury, M.A., Sultana, N., Begum, M. and Islam, M.N., 2024. Nutritional Quality Assessment of Small Indigenous Fish Species (SIS) from the Mathabhanga River in Bangladesh. Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology & Fisheries, 28(2):207-216. DOI:10.21608/ejabf.2024.346585##Lazarević, J., Čabarkapa, I., Rakita, S., Banjac, M., Tomičić, Z., Škrobot, D., Radivojević, G., Kalenjuk Pivarski, B. and Tešanović, D., 2022. Invasive crayfish faxonius limosus: meat safety, nutritional quality and sensory profile. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(24):16819. DOI:10.3390/ijerph192416819##Li, Z., Hong, T., Shen, G., Gu, Y., Guo, Y. and Han, J., 2022. Amino acid profiles and nutritional evaluation of fresh sweet–waxy corn from three different regions of China. Nutrients, 14(19):3887. DOI:10.3390/nu14193887##Mahdabi, M., Shamsaie Mehrgan, M. and Rajabi Islami, H., 2022. A comparison of the proximate compositions and amino acids profiles of protein hydrolysates produced from fishmeal effluents (stick water), fishmeal and muscle of Anchovy sprat. Iranian Scientific Fisheries Journal, 30(6):43-61. DOI:10.22092/ISFJ.2022.126036 (in Persian)##Manthey-Karl, M., Lehmann, I., Ostermeyer, U. and Schröder, U., 2016. Natural chemical composition of commercial fish species: characterisation of pangasius, wild and farmed turbot and barramundi. Foods, 5(3):58-69. DOI:10.3390/foods5030058##Marimuthu, K., Geraldine, A.D., Kathiresan, S., Xavier, R., Arockiaraj, J. and Sreeramanan, S., 2014. Effect of three different cooking methods on proximate and mineral composition of Asian sea bass (Lates calcarifer, Bloch). Journal of Aquatic Food Product Technology, 23(5):468-474. DOI:10.1080/10498850.2012.727133##Munekata, P.E., Pateiro, M., Domínguez, R., Zhou, J., Barba, F.J. and Lorenzo, J.M., 2020. Nutritional characterization of sea bass processing by-products. Biomolecules, 10(2):232-250. DOI:10.3390/biom10020232##Oluwaniyi, O.O., Dosumu, O.O. and Awolola, G.V., 2010. Effect of local processing methods (boiling, frying and roasting) on the amino acid composition of four marine fishes commonly consumed in Nigeria. Food chemistry, 123(4):1000-1006. DOI:10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.05.051##Oser, B.L., 1959. An integrated essential amino acid index for predicting the biological value of proteins. Protein and amino acid nutrition, 281-295. DOI:10.1016/B978-0-12-395683-5.50014-6##Oztekin, A., Yigit, M., Kizilkaya, B., Ucyol, N., Tan, E., Yilmaz, S., Bulut, M., Ayaz, A. and Ergun, S., 2020. Nutritional quality of amino acid in farmed, farm‐aggregated and wild Axillary seabream (Pagellus acarne) with implications to Human Health. Aquaculture Research, 51(5):1844-1853. DOI:10.1111/are.14534##Özyurt, G. and Polat, A., 2006. Amino acid and fatty acid composition of wild sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax): a seasonal differentiation. European Food Research and Technology, 222:316-320. DOI:10.1007/s00217-005-0040-z##Özyurt, G., Polat, A. and Özoğul, F., 2005. Nutritional value of sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) fillets during frozen (-18 C) storage. Turkish Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, 29(3):891-895. ##Pechsiri, J., Panritdam, T., Chainapong, T. and Yooyen, T., 2020. Fillet Quality of Asian Seabass Lates calcarifer (Bloch, 1790) Grown in Monoculture and Coculture Systems in Freshwater Earthen-ponds. Asian Fisheries Science, 33(1):23-30. DOI:10.33997/j.afs.2020.33.1.003##Peng, S., Chen, C., Shi, Z. and Wang, L., 2013. Amino acid and fatty acid composition of the muscle tissue of yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) and bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus). Journal of Food and Nutrition Research, 1(4):42-45.##Pervin, T., Yeasmin, S., Islam, R., Rahman, A. and Sattar, A., 2012. Studies on nutritional composition and characterization of lipids of Lates calcarifer (Bhetki). Bangladesh Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research, 47(4):393-400. DOI:10.3329/bjsir.v47i4.14068##Pratap, G. V., Babu, K. R., Raju, M. R. and Reddy, K.V. S., 2020. Proximate Composition of Lates calcarifer (Bloch, 1790) From Sarada and Varaha Estuarine Confluence Point, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India. Bulletin of Environment, Pharmacology and Life Sciences, 10(1):18-21.##Rahman, R., Chowdhury, M.M., Sultana, N. and Saha, B., 2018. Proximate and major mineral composition of commercially important marine fishes of Bangladesh. Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science, 11(1):18-25.##Raso, S. and Anderson, T.A., 2003. Effects of dietary fish oil replacement on growth and carcass proximate composition of juvenile barramundi (Lates calcarifer). Aquaculture Research, 34(10):813-819. DOI:10.1046/j.1365-2109.2003.00885.x##Saavedra, M., Pereira, T.G., Carvalho, L.M., Pousão-Ferreira, P., Grade, A., Teixeira, B., Quental-Ferreira, H., Mendes, R., Bandarra, N. and Gonçalves, A., 2017. Wild and farmed meagre, Argyrosomus regius: A nutritional, sensory and histological assessment of quality differences. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 63:8-14. DOI:10.1016/j.jfca.2017.07.028##Shih, L., Chen, L.G., Yu, T.S., Chang, W.T. and Wang, S.L., 2003. Microbial reclamation of fish processing wastes for the production of fish sauce. Enzyme and Microbial Technology, 33(2-3):154-162. DOI:10.1016/S0141-0229(03)00083-8##Siva, K.V.R., Babu, K.R. and Raju, M.R., 2013. Proximate composition of fish Latescalcarifer (Bloch, 1790) from east coast of Andhra Pradesh, India. International Journal of Recent Scientific Research, 4(6):780-781.##Sobihah, N.N., Zaharin, A.A., Nizam, M.K., Juen, L.L. and Kyoung-Woong, K., 2018. Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in maricultured fish, Lates calcarifer (Barramudi), Lutjanus campechanus (red snapper) and Lutjanus griseus (grey snapper). Chemosphere, 197:318-324.##Stansby, M.E., 1963. Composition of Fish. Industrial Fishery Technology. Reinholt Pub, Co, New York. pp 339-349.##Wang, Y., Yu, S., Ma, G., Chen, S., Shi, Y. and Yang, Y., 2014. Comparative study of proximate composition and amino acid in farmed and wild Pseudobagrus ussuriensis muscles. International Journal of Food Science & Technology, 49(4):983-989. DOI:10.1111/ijfs.12391##Yousefi Siahkalroodi, S., Khoshkhoo, Z., Mohseni, S. and Yousefi Siahkalroodi, M., 2020. Determination of nutritional value and amino acid profile in Asian sea bass (Lates calcarifer) cultured in cages and comparing them with rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) and Neil Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Fisheries Journal (Natural Resources of Iran), 72(4):409-417. DOI:10.22059/jfisheries.299505.1149 (in Persian)##Zeng, Z., Zheng, M., Zhao, M., Guo, J., Zhu, S., Zou, X. and Zeng, Q., 2024. Comparison of nutritional value of snakehead fish from Guangdong and Deqing varieties. PlosOne, 19(3):0301203. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0301203## ##

مقاله علمی – پژوهشی:‌ ارزیابی کیفیت آب دریاچه سد مارون با استفاده از شاخص کیفیت آب (WQI) Water quality assessment of Maroon Dam Lake using WQI index 1 1 نظارت و ارزیابی مستمر کیفیت آبهای سطحی برای حفاظت از اکوسیستم جهانی و سلامت انسان ضروری است. یکی از حیاتی‌‌ترین راه‌ها برای تخمین کیفیت آب، روش سنجش شاخص کیفیت آب (WQI) است. به منظور بررسی کیفیت آب دریاچه سد مارون واقع در استان خوزستان (15 کیلومتری شهر بهبهان)، تعداد پنج ایستگاه نمونه‌برداری در ورودی، خروجی و درون دریاچه انتخاب شد. نمونه‌برداری جهت سنجش شاخص دمای آب (با فواصل 5 متر به 5 متر از سطح تا کف دریاچه) و سایر شاخص‌ها (اکسیژن محلول، pH، اکسیژن خواهی بیوشیمایی، فسفر کل، نیتروژن کل) به صورت ماهانه و از سطح تا عمق 60 متری (با فواصل 20 متر به 20 متر) از مهر ماه سال 1399 لغایت شهریور ماه سال 1400 انجام شد و در نهایت شاخص WQI با استفاده از فراسنجه‌های کیفی محاسبه گردید. نتایج حاصل از این مطالعه نشان داد که روند تغییرات شاخص WQI در ماه‌‌های مختلف نمونه‌‌برداری در ایستگاه‌‌های مختلف در طبقه کیفی متوسط الی نسبتاً خوب بوده است و دامنه تغییرات این شاخص از 49 در خرداد ماه لغایت 66 در مهر ماه محاسبه شد. اندازه‌‌گیری عمقی دما نشان داد که در دریاچه پشت سد لایه‌‌بندی حرارتی در فصل بهار (20-0 متری)، تابستان و پاییز (40-0 متری) ایجاد شده است، ولی در زمستان این اختلاف بین سطح و عمق وجود ندارد. با توجه به ارزیابی مقادیر شاخص WQI آب مخزن جهت انواع مصارف شرب حیوانات اهلی، اهداف کشاورزی و پرورش گونه مقاوم ماهیان، مناسب است. 2 Continuous monitoring and evaluation of surface water quality is necessary to protect the global ecosystem and human health. One of the most critical ways to estimate water quality is the WQI method. In order to check the water quality of the Maroon Dam lake located in Khuzestan province (15 km from Behbahan city), five sampling stations were selected at the inlet, outlet and inside of the lake. Sampling to measure the water temperature factor (with intervals of five meters by five meters from the surface to the bottom of the lake) and other factors such as dissolved oxygen, pH, biochemical oxygen demand, total phosphorus, total nitrogen monthly and from the surface to a depth of 60 meters (with distances of 20 meters by 20 meters) were carried out from October 2014 to September 2019 and finally the WQI index was calculated using qualitative parameters. The results of this study showed that the trend of changes in WQI index in different months of sampling in different stations in the quality class was medium to relatively good and the range of changes of this index was calculated between 49 in June to 66 in October. The depth measurement of temperature showed that in the lake behind the dam thermal stratification was created in spring (0 to 20 meters), summer and autumn (0 to 40 meters), but in winter, there is no such difference between surface and depth. According to the evaluation of the WQI index values of the reservoir water, it is suitable for all kinds of drinking purposes for domestic animals, agricultural purposes and raising resistant species of fish. 113 123 2024/02/212024/01/252024/04/92024/03/252024/06/82024/02/182024/05/102024/06/302024/04/29 1403/2/10 2024/06/302024/06/302024/06/302024/06/302024/07/72024/06/302024/06/302024/06/302024/06/30 1403/4/10 فرحناز کیان ارثی farahnaz kianersi پژوهشکده آبزی‌پروری جنوب کشور، مؤسسه تحقیقات علوم شیلاتی کشور، اهواز، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، اهواز، ایران Iran farahnaz.kianersi@gmail.com محسن مزرعاوی پژوهشکده آبزی‌پروری جنوب کشور، مؤسسه تحقیقات علوم شیلاتی کشور، اهواز، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، اهواز، ایران Iran مینا آهنگرزاده پژوهشکده آبزی‌پروری جنوب کشور، مؤسسه تحقیقات علوم شیلاتی کشور، اهواز، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، اهواز، ایران Iran حسین هوشمند پژوهشکده آبزی‌پروری جنوب کشور، مؤسسه تحقیقات علوم شیلاتی کشور، اهواز، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، اهواز، ایران Iran سید عبدالصاحب مرتضوی‌‌زاده پژوهشکده آبزی‌پروری جنوب کشور، مؤسسه تحقیقات علوم شیلاتی کشور، اهواز، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، اهواز، ایران Iran فاطمه حکمت‌‌پور پژوهشکده آبزی‌پروری جنوب کشور، مؤسسه تحقیقات علوم شیلاتی کشور، اهواز، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، اهواز، ایران Iran سمیرا ناظم‌‌رعایا پژوهشکده آبزی‌پروری جنوب کشور، مؤسسه تحقیقات علوم شیلاتی کشور، اهواز، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، اهواز، ایران Iran جمیل بنی‌‌طرفی‌‌زادگان پژوهشکده آبزی‌پروری جنوب کشور، مؤسسه تحقیقات علوم شیلاتی کشور، اهواز، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، اهواز، ایران Iran خدیجه صانعی دهکردی مدیریت نوآوری، فناوری و پژوهش‌‌های کاربردی سازمان آب و برق خوزستان، اهواز، ایران Iran سمانه عبدویس مدیریت نوآوری، فناوری و پژوهش‌‌های کاربردی سازمان آب و برق خوزستان، اهواز، ایران Iran Maroon reservoir Coliform WQI index Termal stratification دریاچه پشت سد مارون کلی‌‌فرم شاخص WQI لایه‌‌بندی حرارتی Akhtar, N., Ishak, M. I.S., Ahmad, M. I., Umar, K., Md Yusuff, M.S., Anees, M.T. and Almanasir, Y.K.A., 2021. Modification of the Water Quality Index (WQI) Process for Simple Calculation Using the Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) Method: A Review. Water, 13(7): 905. DOI: 10.3390/W13070905##Alobaidy, A.H.M.J., Abid, H.S. and Maulood, B.K., 2010. Application of water quality index for assessment of Dokan Lake Ecosystem. Kurdistan Region, Iraq. Journal of Water Resource and Protection, 2(09):792-798. DOI: 10.4236/jwarp.2010.29093.##Amiri, H., Hadizadeh, B., Ghorbani Mooselu, M., Azadi, S. and Sayyahzadeh, A.H., 2021. Evaluating the water quality index in dam lake for cold water fish farming. Environmental Challenges, 5(262):100378. DOI: 10.1016/j.envc.2021.100378##Amiri, P., Shariat, S.M. and Ahmadikallan, M., 2021. Detecting of Water Quality Using National Sanitation Foundation (WQI) Index (Case Study: Ilam ChamGardallan's Dam). Human and Environmen, 59(4):189-200. )In Persian(##Buller, N.B., 2004. Bacteria from fish and other aquatic animals: a partical identification manual. CABI publishing, Wallingford, Oxfordshire. 361 P.##Clesceri, L.S., Greenberg, A.E. and Trussell, R.R., 1989. Standard methods for examination of water and sea water. 17 th edition.APHA-AWWA-WPCF. IV, various paging. American Public Health Association, Washington DC. 258 P.##dos Santos Simoes, F., Moreira, A.B., Bisinoti, M.C., Gimenez, S.M.N. and Yabe, M.J.S., 2008. Water quality index as a simple indicator of aquaculture effects on aquatic bodies. Ecological indicators, 8(5):476-484. DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolind.2007.05.002##Eaton, A.D., Clesceri, L.S., Rice, E.W., and Greenberg, A.E., 2005. Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater. 21th edition. American Public Health Association, Washington, DC. 1281 P.##Egemen, O., 2011. Water quality. Ege University Fisheries Faculty Publication No. 14, Izmir, Turkey. pp 1-150.##Faeed, M., Babaei, H. and Khodaparast, H., 2021. Evaluation of lake water based on Iran Water Quality Index of Surface Water (IRWQISC) for sustainable development (Ardabil's Neor Lake). Journal of Animal Environment, 13(1):483-488. DOI: 10.22034/AEJ.2021.134992 (In Persian)##Firoozi, F., Roozbahani, A. and Massah BavaniAli, A.R., 2017. Investigating and modeling the effect of thermal layering phenomenon on the water quality of Letyan dam reservoir. International Conference of New Horizons in Agricultural Sciences, Natural Resources and Environment, February 2017. (In Persian)##Ghazizadeh, N., Shahnizadeh, B., Dehkardi, S. and Sawari, S. 2011. Quality assessment of Maron River based on NSFWQI water quality index system, Conference and specialized exhibition of environmental engineering (5), 21 November 2011. (In Persian)##Hernández, J., Fernandez, L., Carrasco-Ochoa, J. and Martínez, J., 2012. Immediate water quality assessment in shrimp culture using fuzzy inference systems. Expert Systems with Applications, 39(12): 10571-10582. DOI: 10.1016/j.eswa.2012.02.141##Huang, Y., Yang, C., Wen, C. and Wen, G., 2019. S-type dissolved oxygen distribution along water depth in a canyon-shaped and algae blooming water source reservoir: reasons and control. International journal of environmental research and public health, 16(6): 987. DOI:10.3390/ijerph16060987.##Karimian, E., Mohammadi, H., Ghaderi, E., Hoseinpour, H. and Vahedi, N., 2020. Survey on physico-chemical factors of Garan dam reservoir (Marivan) in order to aquaculture activities. Iranian Scientific Fisheries Journal, 29 (5):49-655. DOI: 10.22092/ISFJ.2021.123199 (In Persian)##Kazi, T.G., Arain, M.B., Jamali, M.K., Jalbani, N., Afridi, I., Sarfraz, R.A., Baig, J.A. and Shah, Q., 2009. Assessment of water quality of polluted lake using multivariate statistical techniques: A case study. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 72:301-309. DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2008.02.024##Khalaji, M., Ebrahimi, E., Hashemenejad, H., Motaghe, E. and Asadola, S., 2017.Water quality assessment of the Zayandehroud Lake using WQI index. Iranian Scientific Fisheries Journal, 25(5): 51-63. DOI: 10.22092/ISFJ.2017.110314 (In Persian)##Kutlu, B., Ayd ı n, R., Danabas, D. and Serdar, O., 2020. Temporal and seasonal variations in phytoplankton community structure in Uzuncayir dam lake (Tunceli, Turkey). Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 192:1–12. DOI: 10.1007/s10661-019-8046-3.##Mansouri, B., Fazel, A., POURSOFI, T., Gharanjik, B.M. and Abbasi, F., 2023. Investigating the quality of water behind the Golestan dam for aquaculture activities using the CCMEWQI index. Journal of Applied Ichthyological Research, 10(4): 20-27. DOI: 10.22034/jair.10.4.2 (In Persian)##Mazraavi, M., Khalfeh Nile Saz, M., Dehghan Madiseh, S. and Bani Torafi Zadeh, J., 2018. Investigating the water quality of the lake behind the Seimare dam for aquaculture activities using from WQI indicators. National Conference of Aquaculture Region - Management and Promotion of Water Resources Productivity, 15-16 January 2018. (In Persian)##Merichpor, H., lorestanei, B. and cheraghi, M., 2021. Evaluation of the water quality of Melair reservoir using NSFWQI measure and zoning of its results using geographic information system. Environmental Science Quarterly, 19(2):151-168. DOI: 10.52547/ENVS.33909 (In Persian)##Mohabi, M.R., Azam Waqfi, K., Montazeri, A., Abtahi, M., Ektai, S., Gholamnia, R., Ali Asghari, F. and Saidi, R., 2013. Development of a new MDWQI drinking water quality index and its use in the assessment of Iranian groundwater quality, Health and Environment. Journal Iranian Environmental Health Scientific Association, 6(2): 187-200. DOI: 20.1001.1.20082029.1392.6.2.7.5 (In Persian)##Nasrollahzadeh Saravi, H., Makhlough, A., Yaghobzadeh, Z., Safari, R. and Hosseinpour M., 2019. Study on relationship between limnological parameters and water quality indices at Sanandaj Azad Dam due to fisheries activities. Iranian Scientific Fisheries Journal, 20(1): 1-10. DOI: 10.22092/ISFJ.2019.119704 (In Persian)##Ott,W.R., 1978. Water quality indices: a survey of indices used in the United States. US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington DC. 138 P.##Parinet, B., Lhote, A. and Legube, B., 2004. Principal component analysis: an appropriate tool for water quality evaluation and management-application to a tropical lake system. Ecological Modeling, 178: 295-311. DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2004.03.007##Sadeghi, M., Abotaleb, B., Bay, N., Soflaie, N., Mehdinejad, M.H. and Mallah, M., 2015. The effect of agriculture drainage on water quality of the Zaringol in Golestan Province by the water quality index. Journal of Research in Environmental Health, 1(3): 177-185. DOI:10.22038/jreh.2015.6180##Saidi, P., Mehrdadi, N., Ardestani, M. and Baghund, A., 2014. Simulation of thermal stratification and dissolved oxygen concentration using Ce-Qual-W2 model (Case study: Shahid Rajaei Dam Reservoir. Environmental Journal, 39(4):171-180. DOI: 10.22059/JES.2014.36470 (In Persian)##Samarghandi, M., weysi, K., AbaviMehrizi, A., Kaseb, P. and Danaii, A., 2013. Assessment of water quality of Ekbatan Lake reservoir Dam in Hamedan using Qualitative Index NSFWQI. Medical Sciences Journal of North Khorasan University, 5: 63-69. DOI: 10.29252/jnkums.5.1.63 (In Persian)##Sang, C., Tan, L., Cai, Q. and Ye, L., 2024. Long-term (2003-2021) Evolution Trend of Water Quality in the Three Gorges Reservoir: An Evaluation Based on an Enhanced Water Quality Index. Science of the Total Environment, 915(8):169819. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169819. ##Shil, S., Singh, U.K. and Mehta, P., 2019. Water quality assessment of a tropical river using water quality index (WQI), multivariate statistical techniques and GIS. Applied Water Science, 9: 168. DOI:10.1007/s13201-019-1045-2##Shokuhi, R., Hosienzadeh, A., Roshanaei,G., Alipur, M. and hosinzadeh, S., 2012. Investigating the water quality of the lake behind the Aidaghmosh dam using the National Water Quality Index (NSFWQI) and changes in water quality parameters. Iranian health and environment, 4(4): 1-10. (In Persian)##Shokouhi, R., Roushanaii, G.A., Alipour, M. and Hoseinzadeh, S., 2012. Investigation of the lake water quality in Aydghomoush using the Water Quality Index (NSFWQI) and nutrient balance, Tehran. Iranian Journal of Health and Environment, 4:439-450. (In Persian)##WHO., 2008. Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality, Third Edition, Incorporating the First and Second Addenda. Vol1. Recommendations, World Health Organization, Geneva. 134 P.##Zargarpour, H., Gheravi, M. and Dehghan, J., 2007. Thermal Stratification in Tandem Reservoirs Case Study: Karun 1, Karun 2, and Karun 3 Reservoirs. Iran Water Resources Research, 3(2): 71-77. (In Persian)## ##

مقاله علمی – مروری:‌ مرور و تحلیل مطالعات آسیب‌شناسی بیماری لکه سفید در مراکز تکثیر و مزارع پرورش میگو در ایران A review and analysis of the studies on histopathology of White Spot Disease in shrimp propagation and breeding centers of Iran 1 1 نظر به این‌که ویروس بیماری لکه سفید میگو باعث آلودگی همه میگوها در همه سنین و تلفات گسترده در ایران و جهان گردیده و همه‌گیری جهانی پیش‌آمده خسارات فراوانی را به پرورش‌دهندگان میگو وارد کرده، مطالعات زیادی تا کنون پیرامون علت شناسی، شناسایی و تعیین عوامل خطر انجام گرفته است. در مطالعه حاضر، تلاش شده است تا با توجه به اهمیت موضوع و نیز اختلاف نظرهایی که اغلب در نتایج به‌دست آمده از تحقیقات وجود دارد، بررسی گسترده گذشته نگری بر مطالعات انجام شده در داخل و خارج کشور به‌ویژه بر بافت‌های هدف ویروس لکه سفید میگو انجام گیرد تا به ‌طورکلی تمایل بافتی ویروس لکه سفید مشخص گردد. در این بررسی، مطالعات و تحقیقات انجام شده در پژوهشکده میگوی کشور، سایر پژوهشکده‌ها و مراکز تحقیقاتی، دانشگاه‌ها و مراکز آموزش عالی داخل و خارج گردآوری و مطالعات انجام شده در آنها بر بافت‌های هپاتوپانکراس، روده، آبشش و سایر بافت‌ها مورد بررسی لازم قرارگرفت. اکثر بافت‌های هدف ویروس لکه سفید در میگوی پنائوس وانامی (Penaeus vannamei) با شدت بالا، همولنف، سلول‌‌های اپیتلیال روده پسین و اپیدرم سفالوتوراکس هستند. برخی از محققان بافت اپیتلیوم را بیشترین بافت هدف ویروس لکه سفید در میگوهای پا سفید دانسته‌اند. بیشترین مقادیر میانگین شاخص شدت آلودگی (SI) برای همولنف و اپیدرم سفالوتوراکس و سلول‌های اپیتلیال روده پسین، یافت شد. این امر می‌تواند به دلیل سطح تماس بیشتر اپیتلیوم با ویروس و گیرنده‌های بیشتر برای ویروس یا عملکرد پایین‌تر ایمنی به‌خصوص در انتقال افقی بیماری باشد. به‌نظر می‌‌رسد، همولنف محتمل‌ترین بافت هدف اولیه برای ویروس در انتقال عمودی بیماری است، زیرا تکثیر ویروس در مقایسه با سایربافت‌ها در سطح بالاتری قرار دارد. به‌هرحال، اکثر محققان این نکته را در تحقیقات خود ذکر کرده‌اند که بافت‌های آبشش، معده، هپاتوپانکراس و روده، مهم‌ترین بافت‌ها از نظر آلودگی به ویروس لکه سفید هستند. 2 Since shrimp white spot virus has infected shrimps of all ages and caused widespread loss of shrimps in Iran and across the world, and the pandemic has caused great loss for shrimp farmers, many studies have been carried outto this day in order to identify the reasons and the risk factors regarding this fact. Regarding the importance of the subject and also the different opinions on the results of the past researches, in this study, we have tried to carry out a retrospective review on past studies in Iran and other countries especially on the target tissues for shrimp white spot virus in order to specify the tendency of the white spot virus generally. In this survey, the accomplished studies and researches in the Shrimp Research Center (Bushehr Province), other research centers, universities and higher education centers in Iran and other countries, were collected and the studies carried out on hepatopancreas, intestine, gill and other tissues were examined. Most of the target tissues for white spot virus in Penaeus vannameiwith high intensity are; hemolymph, posterior intestine epithelial cells and cephalothorax epidermis. Some researchers have claimed that the epithelium tissue is the most targeted tissue for white spot virus in penaeus vannamei. The lowest mean values of severity index (SI) were found to be from hemolymph, posterior intestine epithelial cells and cephalothorax epidermis. This could be due to more contact surface of the epidermis with the virus and also more receivers for the virus or lower operation of the immune system especially in horizontal transmission. It seems that hemolymph is the most probable early target tissue for the virus in vertical transmission because the virus replication is at a higher level compared to the other tissues.The most of researchers have pointed out in their researches that tissue of gill, stomach, hepatopancreas and intestine of shrimp are the most important tissues in relation to the white spot virus infection. 125 146 2024/02/212024/01/252024/04/92024/03/252024/06/82024/02/182024/05/102024/06/302024/04/292023/07/3 1402/4/12 2024/06/302024/06/302024/06/302024/06/302024/07/72024/06/302024/06/302024/06/302024/06/302024/06/30 1403/4/10 عیسی شریف پور Issa Sharifpour مؤسسه تحقیقات علوم شیلاتی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران Iran isharifpour@yahoo.com شاپور کاکولکی Shapour Kakoolaki مؤسسه تحقیقات علوم شیلاتی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران Iran bsh443@gmail.com محمدخلیل پذیر MohammadKhalil Pazir پژوهشکده میگوی کشور، مؤسسه تحقیقات علوم شیلاتی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، بوشهر، ایران Iran dr_pazir@yahoo.com بهروز قره وی Behrooz Gharavi مرکز تحقیقات ذخایر آبزیان آبهای داخلی، مؤسسه تحقیقات علوم شیلاتی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، گرگان، ایران Iran behrozgharavy@yahoo.com ابوالفضل سپهداری Abolfazl Sepahdari مؤسسه تحقیقات علوم شیلاتی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران Iran asepahdari@yahoo.com بابک قائدنیا Babak Ghaednia مؤسسه تحقیقات علوم شیلاتی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران Iran babak.ghaednia@gmail.com محمدعلی نظاری Mohamadali Nazzari پژوهشکده میگوی کشور، مؤسسه تحقیقات علوم شیلاتی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، بوشهر، ایران Iran ma.nazari89@gmail.com Shrimp Viral diseases Histopathology White spot virus Shrimp propagation centers Shrimp rearing farms میگو بیماری‌های ویروسی آسیب شناسی بافتی ویروس لکه سفید مراکز تکثیر میگو مزارع پرورش میگو Afsharnasab, M., 2008. Shrimp Viral Disease. Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute publications, P. 210. (In Persian)##Afsharnasab, M., Dashtiannasab, A., Mirbakhsh, M., Mehrabi, M.R., and Kakoolaki, S., 2014. Pathology and monitoring of pathogens in the production of specific pathogen free (SPF) shrimp. Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute publications, P. 129. (In Persian).##Afsharnasab, M., Ghaednia, B., Mehrabi, M.R., Yeganeh, V., Nazari, M.A., Dashtiannasab, A., Mirbakhsh, M. and Kakoolaki, S., 2014. Study of health status of Vannamei shrimp broodstock produced in earthen ponds and compairing it with those produced in fiberglass or concrete tanks. Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute publications, P. 88. (In Persian).##Afsharnasab, M., Kakoolaki, S. and Afzali, F., 2014. The Status of white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) in the Islamic Republic of Iran. Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences, 13(4):1021-1055.##Afsharnasab, M., Ahangarzadeh, M., Hooshmand, H., Seyyed Mortezaei, S. R. and Nezamabadi H., 2016. Tolerability evaluation of Vannamei shrimp vaccinated with white spot vaccine and fed with Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Gracilaria Corticata exposure to white spot virus. Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute publications, P. 110. (In Persian).##Aly, S., Mansour, S. and Thabet, R., 2018. Pathology and molecular diagnosis of white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) among vannamei shrimp in Egypt. Suez Canal Veterinary Medical Journal, 23(2):127–142. DOI: 10.21608/SCVMJ.2018.60485##Arts, J.A.J., Taverne-Thiele, A.J., Savelkoul, H.F.J. and Rombout, J.H.W.M., 2007. Hemocyte reactions in WSSV immersion infected Penaeus monodon. Fish and Shellfish Immunology 23, 164–170.##Bell, T.A., and Lightner, D.V., 1988. A handbook of normal penaeid shrimp histology.published by; World Aquaculture Society, 114 P.##Chang, P.S., Lo, C.F., Wang, Y.C. and Kou, G.H., 1996. Identification of white spot syndrome virus associated baculovirus (WSBV) target organs in the shrimp Penaeus monodon by in situ hybridization. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, 27, 131-139.##Chang, P.S., Chen, H.C. and Wang, Y.C., 1998. Detection of white spot syndrome associated baculovirus in experimentally infected wild shrimp, crabs and lobsters by in situ hybridization. Aquaculture 164, 233-242.##Chou, H.Y., Huang, C.Y., Lo, C.F. and Kou, G.H., 1998. Studies on transmission of white spot syndrome associated baculovirus (WSBV) in Penaeus monodon and P. japonicus via waterborne contact and oral ingestion. Aquaculture 164, 263–276.##Dashtiannasab, A., Afsharnasab, M., Ghaednia, B., Mirbakhsh, M., Yeganeh, V., Keshtkar, I., Nazzari, M.A., Zendeboodi, A.A., Pazir, ## M.K., Rajabifar, S., Heydariyyeh, M., Shafaei S.K., Raeesali, G.R., Zarrin, A., Gorjifar, R., Motamedi, F., and Kakoolaki, S., 2015. Investigation the effect of vaccine prepared with radiovaccine on production efficiency and resistance to white spot disease in Litopenaeus vannamei. Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute publications, 58 P. (In Persian).##Di Leonardo, V.A., Bonnichon, V., Roch, P., Parrinello N. and Bonami J.R., 2005. Comparative WSSV infection routes in the shrimp genera Marsupenaeus and Palaemon. Journal of Fish Diseases 28, 565–569.##Durand, S., Lightner, D.V., Nunan, L.M., Redman, R.M., Mari, J. and Bonami, J.R., 1996. Application of gene probes as diagnostic tools for white spot baculovirus (WSBV) of penaeid shrimp. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 27, 59–66.##Durand, S., Lightner, D.V., Redman, R.M. and Bonami, J.R., 1997. Ultrastructure and morphogenesis of white spot syndrome baculovirus. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 29, 205–211.##Escobedo-Bonilla, C.M., Wille, M., Alday-Sanz, V., Sorgeloos, P., Pensaert, M.B. and Nauwynck, H.J., 2007. Pathogenesis of a Thai strain of white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) in SPF Litopenaeusvannamei. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 74, 85–94.##Flegel, T.W., 1997. Major viral diseases of black tiger prawn (Penaeus monodon) in Thailand. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology; 13(4):433-442.##Felegel, T.W., 2006. Detection of major penaeid shrimp viruses in Asia, a historical perspective with emphasis on Thailand. Aquaculture, 258 (1-4): 1-33.##Gholamhoseini, B., Afsharnasab, M., and Motallebi A.A., 2013. Rate (ROI) and severity (SOI) of infection of white spot disease in cultured and captured Penaeid shrimps in the Persian Gulf using histopathology and polymerase chain reaction. Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences 12(2):335-347.##Govahi, M., Afsharnasb, M., MotalbeiMoghanjoghi, A.A. and Haghighi, A., 2014. Multiple infections in shrimp Litopenaeusvannameibroodstock in commercial hatcheries in Khouzestan Province, Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences 13(4):869-885.##Hooshmand, H., Ahangarzadeh, M., Seyyedmortezaei, S.R., Afsharnasab, M., Mohseninezhad, L., Soleimani, J., Rezaei sefyabad shapouri, M.R. and Shamsi, S., 2014. Immunization of farmed shrimps against white spot disease using produced recombinant proteins and its study in laboratory conditions. Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute publications, P. 71 (In Persian).##Jalali, B. and Barzegardoolatabadi, M., 2009. Health management of shrimp farming. Noorbakhsh publications, 256 P. (In Persian).##Kakoolaki, S., 2004. Health key notes for shrimp farms (including the management of prevention and control of white spot disease), Shams International publications, 114 P. (In Persian).##Kakoolaki, S., Soltani, M., Ebrahimzadeh Mousavi, H.A., Sharifpour, I., Mirzargar, S., Afsharnasab, M. and Motalebi, A.A., 2011. The effect of different salinities on mortality and histopathological changes of SPF imported Litopenaeusvannamei, experimentally exposed to White Spot Virus and a new differential hemocyte, staining method, Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences 10(3):447-460.##Kakoolaki, S., Sharifpour, I., Afsharnasab, M., Sepahdari, A., Mehrabi, M.R.,; Ghaednia, B. and Nezamabadi, H., 2014. Effects of temperature on hematological and histopathological changes and survival rate of juvenile Fenneropenaeusvannameiexperimentally challenged to White Spot Virus. Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences 13(1):91-102.##Kakoolaki, S., Sharifpour, I., Mehrabi, M.R., Dashtiannasab, A., Sepahdari, A., Ghaednia, B., Mirbakhsh, M., Keshtkar, I., Nazzari, M.A., Simrooni, M., Seydi, A., Matinfar, A. and Yeganeh, V., 2014. Investigating different degree of salinity and temperature in the occurrance of white spot disease in white leg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute publications, 81 P. (In Persian).##Kakoolaki, S., Afsharnasab, M., Sharifrohani, M., Sharifpour, I., Mehrabi, M.R., Ghaednia, B., Safavi, S.A., Sheikhhassani, H. and Nazzari, M.A., 2015. Comparative examination of the pathology of different tissues of western white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei), vaccinated, non-vaccinated and exposed to white spot virus at different times during the study. Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute publications, 24 P. (In Persian).##Kakoolaki, S. and Afsharnasab, M., 2017. Histopathological Indices of WSSV Infection in Target Tissues and Their Correlation with Hindgut Infectious of Litopenaeus vannamei, Crustaceana, 90(6), 645-657.##Karunasagar, I., Otta, S.K. and Karunasagar, I., 1997. Histopathological and bacteriological study of white spot syndrome of Penaeus monodon along the west coast of India. Aquaculture 153, 9–13.##Kasornchandra, J., Boonyaratpalin, S. and Itami, T., 1998. Detection of white spot syndrome in cultured penaeid shrimp in Asia: microscopic observation and polymerase chain reaction. Aquaculture 164, 243-251.##Kathy, F.J. Tang, Carlos, R., Pantoja, Rita, M., Redman, Donald, V. and Lightner, D.V., 2013. A histological variant of white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) from the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 113(1):82-85. DOI:10.1016/j.jip.2013.02.004.##Kiran, R.B.P., Rajendran, K.V., Jung, S.J. and Oh, M.J., 2002. Experimental susceptibility of different life-stages of the giant freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man), to white spot syndrome virus (WSSV). Journal of Fish Diseases 25, 201–207.##Kou, G.H., Peng, S.E., Chiu, Y.L. and Lo, C.F., 1998. Tissue distribution of white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) in shrimp and crabs. In: Advances in Shrimp Biotechnology (ed. by T.W. Flegel), 267–271. National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Bangkok.##Lightner, D. V., 1996. A handbook of shrimp pathology and diagnostic procedures for diseases of cultured penaeid shrimp. World Aquaculture Society, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA. P. 256.##Lo, C.F., Ho C.H., Peng, S.E., Chen, C.H., Hsu, H.C., Chiu, Y.L.,Chang, C.F., Liu, K.F., Su, M.S., Wang, C.H. and Kou, G.H., 1996b. White spot syndrome baculovirus (WSBV) detected in cultured and captured shrimp, crabs and other arthropods. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 27, 215–225.##Lo, C.F., Ho, C.H., Chen, C.H., Liu, K.F., Chiu, Y.L., Yeh, P.Y., Peng, S.E., Hsu, H.C., Liu, H.C., and Chang, C.F., 1997. Detection and tissue tropism of white spot syndrome baculovirus (WSBV) in captured brooders of Penaeus monodon with a special emphasis on reproductive organs. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, 30(1):53–72.##Lotz, J.M. and Soto, M.A., 2002. Model of white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) epidemics in Litopenaeus vannamei. Diseases in Aquatic Organisms 50, 199-209.##Majdinasab, F., 1997. Health management in shrimp culture ponds (translated). Iran Fishery Company publications, 180 P. (in Persian)##Mohan, C.V, Shankar K.M, Kulkarni S. and Sudha P.M., 1998. Histopathology of cultured shrimp showing gross signs of yellow head syndrome and white spot syndrome during 1994, Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, 34:9-12.##Momoyama, K., Hiraoka, M., Inouye, K., Kimura, T. and Nakano, H., 1995. Diagnostic techniques of the rod-shaped nuclear virus infection in the kuruma shrimp, Penaeus japonicus. Fish Pathology, 30, 263-269.##Momoyama, K., Hiraoka, M. and Venegas C.A., 1999. Pathogenicity of Penaeid Rod-shaped DNA Virus (PRDV) to juveniles of six crustacean species. Fish Pathology, 34:183-188. DOI:10.3147/jsfp.34.183.##OIE, 2019. Chapter 2.2.8. Infection with white spot syndrome virus. OIE - Manual of Diagnostic Tests for Aquatic Animals, Ver. 14/11, 16.##Otta, S.K., Shubha, G., Joseph, B., Chakraborty, A., Karunasagar, I. and Karunasagar, I., 1999. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detection of white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) in cultured and wild crustaceans in India. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 38, 67-70.##Pazir, M. K., Afsharnasab, M., Jalali Jafari, B., Sharifpour, I., Motalebi, A.A. and Dashtiannasab, A., 2011. Detection and identification of white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) and infectious hypodermal and hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHHNV) of Litopenaus vannamei from Bushehr and Sistan and Baloochestan provinces, Iran, during 2009-2010. Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences, 10(4), 708-726.##Rahman, M.M., Corteel, M., Dantas-Lima, J.J., Wille, M., Alday-Sanz, V., Pensaert, M.B., Sorgeloos, P. and Nauwynck, H.J., 2007. Impact of daily fluctuations of optimum (27 degrees C) and high water temperature (33 degrees C) on Penaeus vannameijuveniles infected with white spot syndrome virus (WSSV). Aquaculture, 269, 107-113.##Rajan, P.R., Ramasamy, P., Purushothaman, V. and Brennan, G.P., 2000. White spot baculovirus syndrome in the Indian shrimp Penaeus monodon and Penaeus indicus. Aquaculture 184, 31–44.##Rajendran, K. V., Vijayan, K. K., Santiago, T. C. and Krol, R. M., 1999. Experimental host range and histopathology of white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) infection in shrimp, prawns, crabs and lobsters from India. Journal of Fish Diseases, 22(3), 183–191. DOI:10.1046/j.1365-2761.1999.00162.x##Rodríguez, J., Bayot B., Amano Y., Panchana F., de Blas I., Alday, V. and Calderón, J., 2003. White spot syndrome virus infection in cultured Penaeus vannamei (Boone) in Ecuador with emphasis on histopathology and ultrastructure. Journal of Fish Diseases, 26(8):439-450. DOI:10.1046/j.1365-2761.2003.00483.x.##Sahul-Hameed, A.S., Anilkumar, M., Raj, M.L.S. and Jayaraman, K., 1998. Studies on the pathogenicity of systemic ectodermal and mesodermal baculovirus and its detection in shrimp by immunological methods. Aquaculture 160, 31-45.##Shackelford, C., Long, G., Wolf, J., Okerberg, C. and Herbert, R., 2002. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of nonneoplastic lesions in toxicology studies. Toxicologic Pathology, 30(1), 93–96. DOI:10.1080/01926230252824761.##Shahsavani, D. and Peyghan, R., 2004. Fish and Shrimp viral diseases (farmed, ornamental, wild). Tihoo publication, Mashhad, Ferdowsi University printing and publishing institute, P. 197 (illustrated). (In Persian).##Shi, Z., Wang, H., Zhang, J., Xie, Y., Li, L., Chen, X., Edgerton, B.F. and Bonami, J.R., 2005. Response of crayfish, Procambarus clarkii, haemocytes infected by white spot syndrome virus. Journal of Fish Diseases 28, 151-156.##Sudha, P. M., Mohan, C.V., Shankar, K.M. and Hedge, A., 1998. Relationship between white spot syndrome virus infection and clinical manifestation in Indian cultured penaeid shrimp. Aquaculture, 167, 95-101.##Supamattaya, K., Hoffman, R.W., Boonyaratpalin, S. and Kanchanaphum, P., 1998. Experimental transmission of white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) from black tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon to the sand crab Portunus pelagicus, mud crab Scylla serrata and krill Acetes sp. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, 32,79–85.##Takahashi, Y., Kondo, M., Itami, T., Honda, T., Inagawa, H., Nishizawa, T., Soma, G.I. and Yokomiso, Y., 2000. Enhancement of disease resistance against penaeid acute viraemia and induction of virus inactivating activity in haemolymph of kuruma shrimp, Penaeus japonicus, by oral administration of Pantoea agglomerans lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 10, 555-558.##Tang, K.F.J., Pantoja, C.R., Redman, R.M. and Lightner, D.V., 2013. A histological variant of white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) from the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 113(1):82-85. DOI:10.1016/j.jip.2013.02.004.##Tokhmafshan, M. and Tamjidi B., 2003. Clinical and pathological signs of white spot disease in cultured Indian white Shrimp (Penaeus indicus) in Khuzestan province. Iranian Scientific Fisheries Journal, 12, 2, pp.15-28. (In Persian)##van De Braak, C.B.T., Botterblom, M.H.A., Huisman, E.A., Rombout, J.H.W.M. and van der Knaap, W.P.W., 2002. Preliminary study on the haemocyte response to white spot syndrome virus infection in black tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, 51, 149-100.##Wang, Y.G., Hassan, M.D., Shariff, M. and Saad, M.Z., 1996. Cytopathological study of the systemic ectodermal and mesodermal baculovirus (SEMBV) infection in cultured black tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon in Peninsular Malaysia. In the proceedings of 6th Scientific Conference Electron Microscopy Society Malaysia held in Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Oct 26-27, 1996. University Malaya and Electron Microscopy Society Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur.##Wang, Y.C., Lo, C.F., Chang, P.S. and Kou, G.H., 1998a. Experimental infection of white spot baculovirus in some cultured and wild decapods in Taiwan. Aquaculture, 164, 221–231.##Wang C.S., Tsai Y.J. and Chen S.N., 1998b. Detection of white spot disease virus (WSDV) infection in shrimp using in situ hybridization. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 72, 170–173.##Wang, Y.G., Hassan, M.D., Shariff, M., Zamri, S.M. and Chen, X., 1999. Histopathology and cytopathology of white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) in cultured Penaeus monodon from Peninsular Malaysia with emphasis on pathogenesis and the mechanism of white spot formation. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, 39, 1-11.##Wang, Y.G., Hassan, M.D., Shariff, M., Zamri, S.M. and Chen, X., 1999a. Histopathology and cytopathology of white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) in cultured Penaeus monodon from peninsular Malaysia with emphasis on pathogenesis and the mechanism of white spot formation. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, 39, 1–11.##Wang, Q., White, B.L., Redman, R.M. and Lightner, D.V., 1999b. Per os challenge of Litopenaeus vannamei postlarvae and Farfantepenaeus duorarum juveniles with six geographic isolates of white spot syndrome virus. Aquaculture, 170, 179–194.##Wang, Y.G., Lee, K.L., Najiah, M., Shariff, M. and Hassan, M.D., 2000. A new bacterial white spot syndrome (BWSS) in cultured tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon and its comparison with white spot syndrome (WSS) caused by virus. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, 41, 9–18.## ##Wang, Y.T., Liu, W., Seah, J.N., Lam, C.S., Xiang, J.H., Korzh, V. and Kwang, J., 2002. White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) infects specific hemocytes of the shrimp Penaeus merguiensis. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, 52, 249–259.##Wang, H.C., Wang, H.C., Leu, J.H., Kou, G.H., Wang, A.H.J. and Lo, C.F., 2007. Protein expression profiling of the shrimp cellular response to white spot syndrome virus infection. Developmental and Comparative, Immunology, 31, 672–686.##Wongteerasupaya, C., Vickers, J.E., Sriurairatana, S., Nash G.L., Akarajamorn, A., Boonsaeng, V., Panyim, ## S., Tassanakajon, A., Withyachumnarnkul, B. and Flegel, T.W., 1995. A non-occluded, systemic baculovirus that occurs in cells of ectodermal and mesodermal origin and causes high mortality in the black tiger prawn Penaeus monodon. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, 21, 69-77.##Wu, J.L., Namikoshi, A., Nishizawa, T., Mushiake, K., Teruya, K. and Muroga, K., 2001. Effects of shrimp density on transmission of penaeid acute viremia in Penaeus japonicus by cannibalism and the waterborne route. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, 47, 129-135.## ##