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مقاله علمی – پژوهشی:‌ تغییرات غلظت هیدروکربن‌‌های نفتی (PAHs) در رسوبات سطحی سواحل ایرانی دریای خزر تا عمق 30 متر (98-1397) Changes in Concentration of Poly Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) at the surface sediments of the Iranian coast Caspian Sea up to 30 m depth (2018-2019) 1 1 هدف از این تحقیق تعیین غلظت هیدروکربن‌‌های آروماتیک (16PAHs) در رسوبات سطحی طی چهار فصل در نیم خط‌‌های مختلف حوزه جنوبی دریای خزر و بررسی علل تغییرات زمانی و مکانی آنها، مقایسه با حد مجاز استاندارد و منشأیابی این ترکیبات بود. نمونه‌‌برداری رسوبات سطحی با استفاده از یک گرب (Van veen grab) از اعماق 10 و 30 متر در سواحل استان‌‌های گیلان، مازندران و گلستان در هشت نیم خط عمود بر ساحل (آستارا، بندرانزلی، سفیدرود، رامسر، نوشهر، بابلسر، بندرامیرآباد و بندرترکمن) طی فصول پاییز و زمستان 1397 و بهار و تابستان 1398 انجام شد. آماده‌سازی نمونه‌های رسوب به ‌منظور بررسی 16PAHs به روش استاندارد (استخراج با ترکیبات آلی به‌وسیله دستگاه سوکسله)، انجام شد. نتایج نشان داد که میانگین غلظت سالانه 16PAHs در چهار فصل پاییز، زمستان، بهار و تابستان به‌ترتیب برابر 5/11±6/29، 611±2125، 0/3±2/4 و 1/3±3/5 میکروگرم برکیلوگرم وزن خشک بود و حداکثر غلظت 16PAHs در نیم خط نوشهر در فصل زمستان ثبت شد. نتایج تحقیق کنونی نشان داد که ترکیبات 2 و 6 حلقه‌ای دارای درصد فراوانی کمی در رسوبات بوده و میانگین غلظت 16PAHs و BaP در رسوبات سطحی اکثر نمونه‌‌ها کمتر از استانداردهای حد مجاز جهانی بود. براساس نسبت تشخیصی (3/0LMW/HMW=) منشاء ترکیبات پلی‌آروماتیک در رسوبات، بیشتر پیروژنیک ثبت گردید. 2 The purpose of this research was to determine the concentration of poly aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the surface sediments during four seasons at different transects of the southern basin of the Caspian Sea and to investigate the causes of their temporal and spatial changes, to compare with the standard limits, and to find the origin of these compounds. The samples from the surface sediments were collected using a grab (van Veen grab) from depths of 10 and 30 m in the coasts of Guilan, Mazandaran, and Golestan provinces at eight transects (Astara, Anzali, Sefidroud, Ramsar, Nowshahr, Babolsar, Amirabad, and Torkaman) during the autumn and winter seasons of 2018, spring and summer of 2019. The sediment samples were prepared in order to investigate PAHs using a standard method (extraction with organic compounds by the Soxhlet apparatus). The results showed that the mean (±SE) annual concentration of PAHs in the four seasons of autumn, winter, spring, and summer was 29.6±11.5, 2125±611, 4.2±3.0, and 5.3±3.1 µg/kg dry weight, respectively, and the maximum concentration of PAHs was recorded in the Nowshahr transect in the winter season. The results of the current research showed that 2 and 6 rings compounds had a low percentage of abundance in the sediments and the mean concentrations of PAHs and BaP in most of the samples were lower than the international threshold standards. The origin of PAHs compound in the sediment was recorded in more pyrogenic sources based on the diagnostic ratio (LMW/HMW=0.3). 1 13 2021/10/11 1400/7/19 2024/08/31 1403/6/10 حوریه یونسی پور Hourieh Younesipour سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی Iran younesipourh@yahoo.com حسن نصراله زاده ساروی Hassan Nasrollahzadeh Saravi سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی Iran hnsaravi@gmail.com محمدعلی افرائی Mohammad Ali Afraei سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی Iran mafraei@yahoo.com مریم رضائی Maryam Rezaei سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی Iran maryam_rezaei_83@yahoo.com احد احمد نژاد Ahad Ahmadnejad سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی Iran ahmadnezhad.ahad@yahoo.com مرضیه رشیدی گل رویه Marzieh Rashidi Goolroyeh دانشگاه پیام نور ساری Iran marziehrashidi@yahoo.com Polyaromatic hydrocarbons Diagnostic ratio Surface sediment Caspian Sea Iran هیدروکربن‌های پلی‌آروماتیک نسبت‌‌های تشخیصی رسوب سطحی دریای خزر ‌ایران Ahmadzadeh, F., Carretero, M.A.,Mebert, K., Faghiri, A., Ataei, S., Hamidi, S. and Böhm, W., 2011. 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مقاله علمی – پژوهشی:‌ اثرات سطوح مختلف اسیدآمینه‌‌های لایزین و متیونین جیره بر عملکرد رشد، درصد بازماندگی و ترکیب بدن ماهی سفید (Rutilus frisii) Effects of different dietary levels of lysine and methionine amino acids on growth performance, survival rate, and body composition of Caspian Kutum (Rutilus frisii) 1 1 هدف تحقیق حاضر، تعیین اثرات سطوح متفاوت اسیدآمینه‌‌های لایزین و متیونین جیره بر رشد، بازماندگی و ترکیب لاشه ماهی سفید (Rutilus frisii) است. تعداد 144 عدد بچه ماهی سفید با میانگین وزنی 78/0±51/3 گرم در 12 مخزن فایبرگلاس 100 لیتری با تراکم 12 عدد در هر مخزن توزیع شدند. پس از یک هفته سازگاری، بچه ماهیان با چهار جیره آزمایشی شامل جیره 1- شاهد (بدون اسیدآمینه افزوده شده)، جیره 2- 1 درصد متیونین+3 درصد لایزین، جیره 3- 2 درصد متیونین+2 درصد لایزین و جیره 4- 3 درصد متیونین+1 درصد لایزین در 3 تکرار برای مدت 56 روز تغذیه شدند. نتایج نشان داد که ماهیان تغذیه شده با سطح 3 درصد متیونین+1 درصد لایزین (جیره 4) افزایش معنی‌‌داری در پارامترهای وزن نهایی (30/0±75/6 گرم)، طول کل نهایی (10/0±21/9 سانتی‌‌متر)، وزن کسب شده (48/0±22/3 گرم)، افزایش وزن بدن (38/13±76/95 درصد) و سرعت رشد ویژه (09/0±20/1 درصد در روز) ثبت کردند (05/0>p). ضریب تبدیل غذایی در جیره مذکور به طور معنی‌‌داری (05/0>p) بهبود یافت. اختلاف معنی‌‌داری در ضریب چاقی، ضریب کارایی پروتئین و نرخ ماندگاری بین تیمارهای غذایی مشاهده نشد (05/0<p). تفاوت معنی‌‌داری در میزان پروتئین لاشه بین ماهیان تغذیه شده با سطوح مختلف لایزین و متیونین جیره با گروه شاهد ثبت گردید (05/0>p) به‌طوری‌‌که ماهیانی که با جیره حاوی 3 درصد متیونین+1 درصد لایزین تغذیه شده بودند، نشانگر بیشترین میزان پروتئین لاشه (35/0±69/16 درصد) بودند (05/0>p). همچنین ماهیان تغذیه شده با جیره‌‌ شاهد و جیره 3 نیز دارای بیشترین (05/0>p) محتوای چربی لاشه بودند. به‌علاوه، اختلافات معنی‌‌داری در مقادیر خاکستر و رطوبت بین تیمارهای آزمایشی ثبت گردید (05/0>p). با توجه به نتایج به‌دست آمده می‌‌توان اظهار نمود که سطح 3 درصد متیونین+1 درصد لایزین برای ماهی سفید دریای خزر بهینه محسوب می‌‌شود. 2 This study aims to determine the effects of different dietary levels of lysine and methionine amino acids on growth, survival, and carcass composition of Caspian Kutum (Rutilus frisii). A total number of 144 Kutum fingerlings weighing 3.51±0.78g were distributed into twelve 100-L fiberglass tanks with a density of 12 fish per tank. After one week acclimatization period, fingerlings were fed four experimental diets including diet 1: control (without added amino acid), diet 2: 1% methionine+3% lysine, diet 3: 2% methionine+2% lysine, and diet 4: 3% methionine+1% lysine in triplicate groups for 56 days. Results showed that the fish fed with 3% methionine+1% lysine recorded a significant increase in growth parameters such as final weight (6.75±0.30g), final total length (9.21±0.10cm), weight gain (3.22±0.48g), body weight increase (95.76±13.38%), and specific growth rate (1.20±0.09%/day) (p<0.05). The feed conversion ratio was significantly (p<0.05) improved in mentioned treatment. No significant differences were observed in condition factor, protein efficiency ratio, and survival rate between the dietary treatments (p>0.05). A significant difference in the content of carcass protein was recorded between fish fed different levels of dietary lysine and methionine amino acids with the control group (p<0.05) so that fish fed 3% methionine+1% lysine showed the highest content of carcass protein (16.69±0.35%) (p<0.05). On the other hand, the fish fed with the control diet and diet 3 showed the highest (p<0.05) carcass lipid content. Significant differences were also recorded in the contents of ash and moisture between experimental treatments (p<0.05). According to the obtained results, it can be declared that the level of 3% methionine+1% lysine is optimum for Caspian Kutum. 15 27 2021/10/112024/07/19 1403/4/29 2024/08/312024/08/31 1403/6/10 رضا طاعتی Reza Taati گروه شیلات، واحد تالش، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تالش. ایران. Iran r.taati@gmail.com محمد صیادبورانی Mohammad Sayad Bourani پژوهشکده آبزی‌پروری آبهای داخلی، مؤسسه تحقیقات علوم شیلاتی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، بندرانزلی، ایران. Iran mohammadborani@yahoo.com فرشاد پورکاظم Farshad Pourkazem گروه شیلات، واحد تالش، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تالش. ایران Iran pourkazemfarshad@gmail.com Caspian Kutum Essential amino acids Feeding efficiency Carcass quality ماهی سفید اسیدآمینه ضروری کارایی تغذیه کیفیت لاشه Aderolu, A.Z., Seriki, B.M., Apatira, A.L. and Ajaegbo, C.U., 2010. Effects of feeding frequency on growth, feed efficiency and economic viability of rearing African catfish (Clarias gariepinus, Burchell 1822) fingerlings and juveniles. African Journal of Food Science, 4(5): 286-290.##Ahmadnezhad, M., Owfi, F., Hosseinjani, A., Bahmani, M., Hafezieh, M., Sayad Bourani, M., Pourgholami, A., Fazli, H., Abdolmalaki, S. and Khara, H., 2022. Application of SWOT-FAHP model for assessment of the restoration trend of Caspian kutum (Rutilus kutum) stocks in Iranian waters of the Caspian Sea. Journal of Aquaculture Sciences, 10(1):22-33. 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مقاله علمی – پژوهشی:‌ تغییرات ریختی و روابط طول- وزن در جمعیت‌‌های شگ‌‌ماهی (Alosa braschnikowi (Borodin, 1904 حوضه جنوبی دریای خزر Morphometric variations and Length-weight relationships of the Caspian marine shad (Alosa braschnikowi Borodin, 1904) populations across the southern basin of the Caspian Sea 1 1 شناسایی جمعیت‌‌ها از طریق صفات ریختی تمایزدهنده از اهمیت بالایی در برنامه‌‌های حفاظت و مدیریت شیلاتی برخوردار است. در تحقیق حاضر تغییرات مورفولوژیک شگ‌‌ماهی Alosa braschnikowi با استفاده از 31 صفت مورفومتریک در حوضه خزر جنوبی در سه استان گیلان، مازندران و گلستان در زمستان 1399 مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. میانگین (± انحراف معیار) طول استاندارد در مناطق انزلی، میانکاله و ساری به‌ترتیب 38/4±73/231، 32/3±93/200 و 14/4±52/231 میلی‌‌متر بود. نتایج به‌دست آمده از آزمون آنالیز واریانس یک‌‌طرفه در 17 مورد از صفات زیست‌‌سنجی شده اختلاف معنی‌داری نشان داد (05/0p<). نتایج آزمون تجزیه به مؤلفه‌‌های اصلی نیز نشان داد که مناطق مورد بررسی در 9 مؤلفه از یکدیگر قابل تمایز هستند به‌طوری‌که عمده تغییرات در مؤلفه اول در ناحیه سر و در مؤلفه دوم در ناحیه باله‌‌های سینه‌‌ای و پشتی مشاهده گردید. بررسی الگوی رشد در شگ‌‌ماهی A.braschnikowi نشان داد که مناطق انزلی (78/2b=) و ساری (61/2b=) دارای الگوی رشد آلومتریک منفی و منطقه میانکاله (12/3b=) دارای الگوی رشد از نوع آلومتریک مثبت هستند. همچنین بررسی ضریب چاقی نشان داد که شرایط تغذیه در مناطق انزلی (10/1CF=) و میانکاله (09/1CF=) نسبت به منطقه ساری (71/0CF=) بهتر بود. خوشه‌‌بندی مناطق بر اساس خصوصیات مورفولوژیک نیز نشان داد، حداقل دو جمعیت مجزا از شگ‌‌ماهی A. braschnikowi در مناطق مورد بررسی از حوضه خزر جنوبی وجود دارد. با توجه به یکسان بودن فصل نمونه‌‌برداری و نوع نمونه‌‌برداری، به‌نظر می‌‌رسد که خصوصیات زیست‌محیطی در هر منطقه باعث ایجاد تنوع مورفولوژیک بالا در مناطق مورد بررسی باشد، هرچند این موضوع نیاز به بررسی‌‌های مولکولی نیز دارد. با توجه به تغییرات ریختی در جنس Alosa در دریای خزر، پیشنهاد می‌گردد تا در مطالعات آتی از روش‌‌های تجزیه‌وتحلیل مبتنی بر یادگیری ماشین نیز استفاده گردد. 2 Fish population segregation through diagnostic morphometric traits has a great importance in fish conservation and fisheries management programs. In the current study, morphometric variations of 31 morphometric characteristics of Alosa braschnikowi was investigated in the Southern Caspian Sea in three provinces including Guilan, Mazandaran and Golestan, during winter 2021. The average standard length (±SD) was 231.73±4.38, 231.52±4.14 and 200.93±32 in Guilan, Mazandaran and Golestan, respectively. The results obtained from the one-way ANOVA showed a significant difference (p<0.05) in 17 out of 31 morphometric traits. The PCA showed that the investigated areas can be distinguished through nine components, so that the main changes in the first component (PC1) are in the head area while variations in the pectoral and dorsal fins were identified as important through the second component (PC2). Investigating the growth pattern of A. braschnikowi illustrated a negative allometric growth for Anzali (b=2.78) and Sari (b=2.61) regions while Miankaleh (b=3.12) had a positive allometric growth pattern. Furthermore, condition factors estimation revealed a better nutritional condition in Anzali (CF=1.10) and Miankaleh (CF=1.09) compared to Sari region (CF=0.71). Morphometric-based clustering showed that there are at least two separate populations of A. braschnikowi in the studied areas of the Southern Caspian Sea. Due to the evenness in sampling season and way of sampling, it seems that the environmental features in each region have caused the ensuing high morphological diversity in A. braschnikowi, however, investigations through molecular methods are needed for this claim. Considering the high rate of morphometric variations in Alosa genus in the Caspian Sea, the usage of machine-learning based analytical methods is highly recommended for future studies. 29 41 2021/10/112024/07/192024/05/27 1403/3/7 2024/08/312024/08/312024/08/31 1403/6/10 امید جعفری Omid Jafari انستیتو تحقیقات بین‌المللی ماهیان خاویاری، مؤسسه تحقیقات علوم شیلاتی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، رشت، ایران Iran jaafari.omid@yahoo.com مریم نصراله پورمقدم Maryam Nasrolahpourmoghadam گروه شیلات، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران Iran Pourmoghadamm@yahoo.com اسماعیل عبداله زاده انستیتو تحقیقات بین‌المللی ماهیان خاویاری، مؤسسه تحقیقات علوم شیلاتی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، رشت، ایران Iran Abdollahzadeh@rocketmail.com محمد حسن زاده صابر Mohammad Hassanzadeh Saber انستیتو تحقیقات بین‌المللی ماهیان خاویاری، مؤسسه تحقیقات علوم شیلاتی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، رشت، ایران Iran hassssanzadehsaber@yahoo.com Condition factor Population Biometry Fisheries management Stock identification عامل وضعیت جمعیت زیست‌‌سنجی مدیریت شیلاتی شناسایی ذخایر Afraei, M., Parafkandeh, F. and Janbaz, A., 2006. 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مقاله علمی – پژوهشی:‌ تأثیر عصاره الکلی برگ درخت چندل (Rhizophora mucronata) بر عملکرد رشد، بازماندگی، ترکیبات بیوشیمیایی میگوی پا سفید غربی (Litopenaeus vannamei) Effect of an alcoholic extract of loop-root mangrove (Rhizophora mucronata) leaf on growth, survival, and biochemical components in western white leg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) 1 1 این تحقیق به منظور بررسی مقایسه‌‌ای اثرات عصاره الکلی برگ درخت چندل (Rhizophora mucronata) در جیره غذایی بر عملکرد رشد، بازماندگی، ترکیبات بیوشیمیایی میگوی پا سفید غربی (Litopenaeus vannamei) صورت پذیرفت. آزمایش با استفاده از 600 عدد میگو (2 گرم) در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با 4 تیمار و 3 تکرار و 50 عدد میگو در هر تکرار و به مدت 60 روز انجام شد. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل: 1- جیره پایه (کنترل)، 2- جیره پایه + 1 میلی گرم عصاره اتانولی برگ چندل، 3- جیره پایه + 5/2 میلی گرم عصاره اتانولی برگ چندل و 4- جیره پایه + 5 میلی گرم عصاره اتانولی برگ چندل بودند. در پایان دوره آزمایش برخی شاخص‌‌های رشد، بیوشیمیایی و بقاء سنجش گردید. بر اساس نتایج حاصله، افزایش وزن بدن، افزایش رشد روزانه و ضریب رشد ویژه در تیمارهای حاوی 1، 5/2 و 5 میلی‌‌گرم در کیلوگرم عصاره اتانولی برگ چندل نسبت به گروه شاهد به صورت معنی‌‌داری بیشتر بود (05/0P<). بیشترین طول کاراپاس به صورت معنی‌‌داری نسبت به سایر گروه‌‌های آزمایش در تیمار 5/2 میلی‌‌گرم سنجش گردید (05/0P<). همچنین درصد بقاء در همه تیمارهای عصاره نسبت به شاهد افزایش معنی‌‌دار داشت (05/0P<). بیشترین میزان پروتئین خام لاشه و کم ترین میزان رطوبت در 5/2 میلی گرم مشاهده شد. کمترین میزان لایزوزیم در تیمار شاهد وبیشترین میزان لایزوزیم در تیمار 5 میلی‌‌گرم و سپس در تیمار 1 و 5/2 میلی‌‌گرم مشاهده ‌‌گردید (05/0P<). بیشترین میزان فنول‌‌اکسیداز در تیمار 1 میلی‌‌گرم مشاهده گردید (05/0P<). بر اساس نتایج بدست آمده بیشترین میزان پروتئین و آلبومین در تیمار 5/2 و 5 میلی گرم و کم ترین میزان آن در تیمار شاهد و 1 میلی‌‌گرم مشاهده گردید (05/0P<). در مجموع، نتایج این پژوهش نشان داد که تیمار 5/2 میلی گرم عصاره برگ چندل در جیره تاثیر مثبتی بر برخی از شاخص‌‌ های رشد، بیوشیمیایی و بقاء میگوی پاسفید داشت. 2 The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary ethanol extract of Rhizophora mucronata leaves on the growth performance, survival, and biochemical composition of Litopenaeus vannamei. The experiment was conducted using 600 shrimp juveniles (2 g) in a completely randomized design with four treatments and three replicates, with 50 shrimp per replicate for a duration of 60 days. The experimental treatments included: 1- Basal diet (control), 2- Basal diet + 1 mg ethanol extract of mangrove leaves, 3- Basal diet + 2.5 mg ethanol extract of mangrove leaves, and 4- Basal diet + 5 mg ethanol extract of mangrove leaves. At the end of the experimental period, various growth, biochemical, and survival parameters were measured. The results showed that body weight gain, daily growth rate, and specific growth rate were significantly higher in the 1, 2.5, and 5 mg/kg ethanol extract of mangrove leaves compared to the control group (P<0.05). The highest carapace length was mesured in 2.5 mg/kg compared to the other experimental groups (P<0.05). Besides, the survival rate was significantly increased in all extract treatments compared to the control group (P<0.05). The highest crude protein content of the carcass and the lowest moisture content were observed in 2.5 mg/kg (P<0.05). The control group showed the lowest lysozyme activity, while the 5 mg treatment exhibited the highest lysozyme activity, followed by the 1 mg and 2.5 mg treatments (P<0.05). The 1 mg treatment showed the highest phenoloxidase activity (P<0.05). Based on the results, the 2.5 mg and 5 mg treatments were associated with the highest protein and albumin contents, while the control and 1 mg treatments had the lowest contents (P<0.05). Overall, it can be concluded that the inclusion of 2.5 mg/kg of mangrove leaf extract in the diet had positive effects on the growth, biochemical composition, and survival of whiteleg shrimp. 43 56 2021/10/112024/07/192024/05/272024/05/24 1403/3/4 2024/08/312024/08/312024/08/312024/08/31 1403/6/10 جمشید اسلامی Jamshid eslamei دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی ، بندرعباس Iran j.eslami20@gmail.com علیرضا سالارزاده Alireza Salarzadeh گروه شیلات ، واحد بندرعباس ، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی ، بندرعباس ، ایران Iran reza1375bandar@yahoo.com مازیار یحیوی Maziar yahyavi دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی ، بندرعباس Iran maziar_yahyavi@yahoo.com فلورا محمدی زاده Flora Mohammadi Zadeh دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی ، بندرعباس Iran flora.mohammadi@yahoo.com Loop-root mangrove Pacific whiteleg shrimp Growth Carcass quality Hemolymph biochemistry درخت چندل میگوی پاسفید غربی رشد کیفیت لاشه بیوشیمیایی همولنف Abdulhai, H.A., Minani, W., Nourouzi, S. and Hajj Nadez, K., 2019. Shrimp farming in Iran and the future prospects of industry. 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مقاله مروری:‌ فناوری CRISPR-Cas در آبزی‌پروری: مطالعه مروری CRISPR-Cas technology in aquaculture: A review 1 1 پیشرفت صنعت آبزی‌پروری با چالش‌های متعددی از جمله شیوع بیماری‌های عفونی و عوامل‌بیماری‌زای مقاوم به آنتی‌بیوتیک‌ها، کاهش بقاء، کاهش باروری، رشد آهسته، فرار ماهیان پرورشی به اکوسیستم‌های طبیعی و آلودگی‌های زیست‌محیطی مواجه است. امروزه استفاده از فناوری CRISPR-Cas به عنوان یک راه‌حل بالقوه برای حل این چالش‌ها از طریق ویرایش ژنوم یاد می‌شود. در فناوری CRISPR، آنزیم نوکلئاز ۹ (Cas9) ابزاری قدرتمند و کارآمد برای ویرایش مولکولی DNA جهت بروز صفات مطلوب در میزبان است. در این زمینه مطالعات متعددی بر گونه‌های مختلف آبزیان با هدف بررسی صفات مطلوب مرتبط با آبزی‌پروری شامل سرکوب‌ ژن Myostatin (افزایش رشد سوماتیک بدن)، بیوسنتز اسیدهای چرب، تحریک رنگدانه‌سازی بدن و تولید ماهیان با استخوان‌های ریز بین‌عضلانی کمتر صورت گرفته است. در خصوص صفات وابسته به تولید مثل، از این تکنولوژی جهت مهندسی ژنتیک سلول‌های جنسی و تغییر جنسیت استفاده شده است. در زمینه بهداشت آبزیان این سیستم اصلاحی برپایه ژنوم، در مقیاس آزمایشگاهی با موفقیت توانسته است، ماهیانی مقاوم‌ در برابر بیماری‌های عفونی به‌خصوص بیماری‌های ویروسی تولید کند. همچنین ویرایش ژن‌های مرتبط با پپتیدهای ضدمیکروبی به‌وسیله CRISPR-Cas9 می‌تواند سبب بهبود سیستم ایمنی ذاتی و افزایش مقاومت ماهیان در برابر بیماری‌های عفونی می‌شود. به ‌طورکلی، استفاده از فناوری CRISPR-Cas یک رویکرد موثر برای دستکاری ژن‌های هدف و بهبود ویژگی‌های اقتصادی در گونه‌های مختلف آبزیان در راستای برنامه‌های اصلاح ژنتیکی است. این مطالعه مروری، تصویر جامعی از فناوری CRISPR-Cas و پتانسیل آن در ویرایش ژنوم برای هدف قرار دادن ژن‌های مرتبط با صفات اقتصادی در ماهیان جهت غلبه بر برخی محدودیت‌ها و چالش‌های پیشروی آبزی‌پروری پایدار ارائه می‌دهد. 2 The progress of the aquaculture industry is facing many challenges, including the spread of infectious diseases and antibiotic-resistant pathogens, reduced survival, reduced fertility, slow growth, escape of farmed fish to natural ecosystems, and environmental pollution. Today, the use of CRISPR-Cas technique is considered as a potential solution to solve these challenges through genome editing. In the CRISPR system, the nuclease 9 or Cas9 enzyme is a powerful and efficient tool for molecular editing of DNA to reveal desired traits in the host. In this context, several studies have been conducted on different aquatic species to investigate desirable traits related to aquaculture, including suppressing the myostatin gene (increasing somatic growth of the body), biosynthesis of fatty acids, stimulation of body pigmentation, and production of fish with less intermuscular bones. In terms of reproduction traits, this technology has been used for the genetic engineering of sex cells and sex reversal. In the field of aquatic health, this genome-based breeding system has successfully produced fish resistant to infectious diseases, especially viral diseases, on a laboratory scale. Also, editing genes related to antimicrobial peptides by CRISPR-Cas9 can improve the innate immune system and increases the resistance of fish against infectious diseases. In general, using the CRISPR-Cas system is an effective approach to manipulate target genes and improve economic traits in different aquatic species in line with genetic modification programs. This review study provides a comprehensive view of CRISPR-Cas technology and its potential in genome editing to target genes associated with economically valuable traits in fish to overcome some limitations and challenges of promoting sustainable aquaculture. 57 76 2021/10/112024/07/192024/05/272024/05/242024/06/20 1403/3/31 2024/08/312024/08/312024/08/312024/08/312024/08/31 1403/6/10 محمود حافظیه Mahmoud Hafezieh تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی Iran jhafezieh@yahoo.com پژمان حسینی شکرآبی Pezhman Hosseini Shekarabi تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی Iran hosseini.pezhman@yahoo.com محمد اخوان بهابادی Mohammad Akhavan Bahabadi مرکز تحقیقات ماهیان اب شور، موسسه تحقیقاتعلوم شیلاتی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، اموزش و ترویج کشاورزی Iran CRISPR Cas9 Sustainable aquaculture Genome editing Molecular genetics CRISPR Cas9 آبزی‌پروری پایدار ویرایش ژنوم ژنتیک مولکولی Ansori, A. N., Antonius, Y., Susilo, R. J., Hayaza, S., Kharisma, V. D., Parikesit, A. A. & Burkov, P. (2023). 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مقاله علمی – پژوهشی:‌ آثار سمیت مزمن فلز سنگین کادمیوم بر رشد، زنده‌مانی، آنزیم‌های گوارشی و برخی شاخص‌های تولید مثلی آرتمیای دریاچه ارومیه (Artemia urmiana) Effects of chronic toxicity of the heavy metal Cadmium on the growth, survival, digestive enzymes, and some reproductive indices of Artemia urmiana 1 1 آلودگی محیطی فلزات سنگین تهدیدی جدی برای اکوسیستم‌های آبی محسوب می‌شود که افزایش روزافزون آنها می‌تواند چرخه زندگی و ذخایر زیستی بسیاری از گونه‌های زئوپلانکتونی (آرتمیا) را تحت تأثیر قرار دهد. لذا، در مطالعه حاضر اثر سمیت فلز سنگین کادمیوم بر رشد، زنده‌مانی، فعالیت آنزیم‌های گوارشی و برخی خصوصیات تولید مثلی Artemia urmiana مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. غلظت کشندگی متوسط (LC50) برای مرحله‌های ناپلی و بلوغ و در ساعت‌های 24 و 72، با استفاده از تجزیه‌وتحلیل آماری پروبیت تعیین گردید. به‌ منظور بررسی اثر سمیت مزمن میانگین غلظت‌های LC50 72 ساعته استفاده شد و ناپلی‌ها در قالب 3 تیمار شامل گروه شاهد، 10 درصد LC50 و 20 درصد LC50 به مدت 21 روز پرورش داده شدند. نتایج نشان داد، غلظت‌های مختلف کادمیوم کلراید باعث کاهش رشد آرتمیای دریاچه ارومیه در روزهای 17 و 21 پرورش شد (05/0>p). همچنین کاهش درصد زنده‌مانی در تمامی روزهای پرورش مشاهده شد و بیشترین کاهش زنده‌مانی (9/28 درصد) A. urmiana در غلظت 20 درصد LC50 مشاهده شد (05/0>p). فعالیت آنزیم‌های گوارشی تحت تأثیر کادمیوم کلراید قرار نگرفتند (05/0<p)، اما با وجود این، فعالیت آنزیم آلکالین پروتئاز و آلفا آمیلاز با افزایش غلظت کادمیوم کلراید افزایش و فعالیت آنزیم لیپاز کاهش یافت (05/0<p). همچنین شاخص‌های تولید مثلی شامل درصد سیست‌زایی و تعداد زاده‌های هر تولید مثل تحت تأثیر کادمیوم کلراید قرار نگرفت (05/0<p)، اما تعداد دفعات تولید مثلی و تعداد کل زاده‌ها در مواجهه با کادمیوم کلراید کاهش و تعداد زاده‌های روزانه افزایش یافت (05/0>p). بر اساس نتیجه‌گیری نهایی می‌توان بیان کرد که کادمیوم کلراید منجر به کاهش رشد و زنده‌مانی و تغییر در فعالیت آنزیم‌های گوارشی و خصوصیات تولید مثلی در A. urmiana گردید. بنابراین، بایستی در ارتباط با چگونگی مدیریت در دفع پساب‌های آلوده توجه بیشتری صورت پذیرد. 2 Environmental pollution by heavy metals is considered a serious threat to aquatic ecosystems, and their increase can affect the life cycle and biological reserves of many zooplankton species such as Artemia. Therefore, in the present study, the effects of heavy metal cadmium on the growth, survival, digestive enzymes activity, and some reproductive characteristics of Artemia urmiana were evaluated. For this purpose, the LC50 of cadmium chloride was determined for 24 and 72 hours in the nauplii and adult stages using probit statistical analysis. The average LC50 of 72 hours was used to investigate the chronic toxicity and nauplii was cultured in 3 treatments including the control group, 10% LC50 and 20% LC50 for 21 days. The results showed that different concentrations of cadmium chloride decreased the growth of A. urmiana on 17 and 21 days (p<0.05). Also, a decrease in survival rate was observed on all rearing days and the highest decrease (28.9%) was observed in the 20% LC50 group (p<0.05). The activity of digestive enzymes was not affected by cadmium chloride (p>0.05), however, the activity of alkaline protease and alpha-amylase increased and the activity of lipase decreased with an increase in cadmium chloride concentration. Also, reproductive indices including, the percentage of cyst formation and the number of offspring per reproduction were not affected by the concentration of cadmium chloride (p>0.05). However, the frequency of reproduction and the total number of births decreased and the number of daily births increased (p<0.05). In conclusion, cadmium chloride led to a decrease in growth and survival and changes in the digestive enzyme activity and reproductive indices of A. urmiana. Therefore, more attention should be paid in relation to how to manage the disposal of polluted wastes. 77 90 2021/10/112024/07/192024/05/272024/05/242024/06/202024/08/3 1403/5/13 2024/08/312024/08/312024/08/312024/08/312024/08/312024/08/31 1403/6/10 شیوا محمدی دانشگاه ارومیه Iran shivamohammadi1367@gmail.com کوروش سروی مغانلو دانشگاه ارومیه Iran k.sarvimoghanlou@urmia.ac.ir رامین مناف فر دانشگاه ارومیه Iran r.manaffar@urmia.ac.ir بهروز آتشبار کنگرلوئی دانشگاه ارومیه Iran b.atashbar@urmia.ac.ir جیووانی لیبرلاتو Giovanni Libralato دانشگاه ناپل فدریکو Iran giovanni.libralato@unina.it Cadmium chloride Growth Survival Digestive enzymes Artemia urmiana کادمیوم کلراید رشد زنده‌مانی آنزیم‌های گوارشی Artemia urmiana Aggarwal, V., Deng, X., Tuli, A. and Goh, K.S., 2013. Diazinon- chemistry and environmental fate: A California perspective. In: Whitacre, D.M. (eds) Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, pp. 107-140. 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مقاله علمی – پژوهشی:‌ تأثیر آفت‌کش Vista® بر بافت‌ کبد و برخی شاخص‌های سرم در ماهی کپور علفخوار (Ctenopharyngodon idella) Effect of Vista pesticide on liver tissue and some serum parameters in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) 1 1 آفت‌کش‌ها و پسماندهای آنها از جمله مهم‌ترین عوامل آلاینده بوم‌سامانه‌های آبی محسوب می‌شوند. Vista® یک قارچ‌کش ترکیبی است که برای کنترل بیماری بلاست در برنج استفاده می‌شود. با وجود کاربرد موثر قارچ‌کش Vista® در کنترل بیماری بلاست، اثرات زیست محیطی این آفت‌کش در موجودات آبزی مورد بررسی قرار نگرفته است. از این‌رو، هدف از انجام تحقیق حاضر بررسی اثرات قارچ‌کش Vista® بر بافت‌ کبد و برخی از شاخص‌های سرم خون در ماهی کپورعلفخوار (Ctenopharyngodon idella) بوده است. به این منظور 180 عدد ماهی کپورعلفخوار در 4 گروه در 3 تکرار تقسیم شدند. گروه 1 به عنوان شاهد در نظر گرفته شد و گروه‌های 2، 3 و 4 به‌ترتیب 5، 10 و 20 درصد غلظت نیمه‌کشندگی 96 ساعته Vista® برابر با 56/1، 128/3 و 25/6 میلی‌گرم در لیتر را به مدت 28 روز دریافت کردند. نتایج حاصل از بررسی شاخص‌های سرمی نشان داد، مقدار پروتئین کل و آلبومین با افزایش غلظت Vista®  کاهش یافت به‌طوری‌که درگروه 4 (25/6 میلی‌گرم در لیتر سم Vista®) نسبت به گروه‌ 1 (شاهد) و گروه 2 (56/1 میلی‌گرم در لیتر سم Vista®) کاهش معنی‌داری مشاهده شد (05/0p˂). میزان گلوکز، کلسترول و تری‌گلیسرید با افزایش غلظت Vista® افزایش یافت به‌طوری‌که بیشترین مقدار در گروه 4 مشاهده شد که در مورد گلوکز نسبت به سایر گروه‌ها از تفاوت معنی‌دار برخوردار بود (05/0p˂) و کلسترول و تری‌گلیسرید نسبت به گروه‌های 1 و 2 تفاوت معنی‌داری نشان دادند (05/0p˂). مقادیر آنزیم‌های آسپارتات آمینوترانسفراز (AST)، آلانین آمینوترانسفراز (ALT) و آلکالین فسفاتاز (ALP) با افزایش غلظت Vista® افزایش یافت. آنزیم‌های ALP و AST در گروه 4 نسبت گروه‌های 1 و 2 افزایش معنی‌داری داشت (05/0p˂) و آنزیم ALT در گروه‌های دریافت‌کننده Vista® در مقایسه با گروه 1 از افزایش معنی‌داری برخوردار بودند (05/0p˂). بررسی آسیب‌شناسی بافتی نشان داد، کبد ماهی‌ها در گروه 1 دارای شرایط طبیعی بودند. در گروه 2 علائم به صورت پرخونی خفیف، در گروه 3 پرخونی متوسط، دژنرسانس واکوئولی سلول‌های کبدی و نکروز سلول‌های کبدی با درجه خفیف و در گروه 4 پرخونی شدید، دژنرسانس واکوئولی سلول‌های کبدی و نکروز سلول‌های کبدی با درجه متوسط مشاهده گردید. نتایج حاصل از این تحقیق حاکی از آن است که افزایش غلظت سم Vista® سبب افزایش آسیب‌ به بافت کبد و تغییرات بیوشیمیایی سرم خون در ماهی‌های مورد مطالعه گردید. 2 Pesticides and their residues are among the most important polluting factors of aquatic ecosystems. Vista is a combination fungicide used to control blast disease in rice. Despite the effective use of Vista fungicide in blast disease control, the environmental effects of this pesticide have not been investigated in aquatic animals. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to investigate the effects of Vista fungicide on liver tissue and some blood serum parameters in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). For this purpose, 180 grass carp were divided into 4 groups in 3 replications. Group 1 was considered as the control group, and groups 2, 3 and 4 received 5%, 10% and 20% of the 96-hour LC50 of Vista equal to 1.56, 3.128 and 6.25 mg/l for 28 days, respectively. The results of the examination of serum parameters showed that the amount of total protein and albumin decreased with the increase of Vista concentration, and a significant decrease was observed in group 4 (6.25 mg/l of Vista) compared to group 1 (control) and group 2 (1.56 mg/l of Vista) (p˂0.05). The amount of glucose, cholesterol, and triglycerides increased with the increase in the concentration of Vista, so that the highest amount was observed in group 4, which had a significant difference in the case of glucose compared to other groups (p<0.05), and in the case of cholesterol and triglycerides showed a significant difference compared to the groups 1 and 2 (p<0.05). The amounts ​​of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) enzymes increased with increasing Vista concentration. ALP and AST enzymes had a significant increase in group 4 compared to groups 1 and 2 (p˂0.05), and ALT enzyme had a significant increase in the groups receiving Vista compared to group 1 (p˂0.05). Histological examination showed that the livers of fish in group 1 had normal conditions. The symptoms were mild hyperemia in group 2, moderate hyperemia, vacuolar degeneration of liver cells, and necrosis of liver cells with a mild degree in group 3, and severe hyperemia, vacuolar degeneration of liver cells and necrosis of liver cells with a moderate degree in group 4 were observed. The results of this research indicate that increasing the concentration of Vista leads to increase hepatic tissue damages and biochemical changes in the blood serum of studied fish. 91 104 2021/10/112024/07/192024/05/272024/05/242024/06/202024/08/32024/07/28 1403/5/7 2024/08/312024/08/312024/08/312024/08/312024/08/312024/08/312024/08/31 1403/6/10 سیده زینب حسینی کوه‌خیلی Seyede Zeinab Hosseini koohkheili دانشکده علوم دریایی و محیطی، دانشگاه مازندران، بابلسر، ایران Iran zeynab_hoseyni90@yahoo.com شیلا امیدظهیر Shila Omidzahir دانشکده علوم دریایی و محیطی، دانشگاه مازندران، بابلسر، ایران Iran sh.omidzahir@umz.ac.ir سیدمحمد حسینی Seyyed Mohammad Hosseini دانشکده دامپزشکی، دانشگاه آزاد واحد بابل، بابل، ایران Iran dr_hosseini2323@yahoo.com عبدالعلی موحدی‌نیا Abdolali Movahedinia دانشکده علوم دریایی و محیطی، دانشگاه مازندران، بابلسر، ایران Iran movahednia@umz.ac.ir Pesticide Toxicology Histopathology Serology Vista Grass carp آفت‌کش سم‌شناسی هیستوپاتولوژی سرولوژی Vista® کپور علفخوار Abdoli, A. and Naderi, M., 2009. 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مقاله علمی – پژوهشی:‌ تاثیر توأم تناوب نوری و شوری بر تراکم، زیست‌‌توده و رنگدانه‌های ریزجلبک دریایی Tetraselmis tetrathele Combined effects of salinity and photoperiod on the density, biomass, and pigments of marine microalgae Tetraselmis tetrathele 1 1 در دنیای آبزی‌پروری، ریزجلبک‌ها عمدتاً به عنوان منبع استحصال رنگدانه‌ها یا تولید غذای زنده برای آبزیان کاربرد دارند. این تحقیق با هدف بررسی تاثیر توأم تناوب‌ نوری و شوری بر رشد، تکثیر و رنگدانه‌های ریزجلبک دریایی Tetraselmis tetrathele انجام شد. این آزمایش به صورت یک طرح کاملاً تصادفی با سه رژیم نوری (D12 تاریکیL:12 روشنایی، D4L:4 و D3L:3) در پنج شوری‌‌ متفاوت (20، 25، 30، 35 و 40 گرم بر لیتر) در یک دوره 23 روزه انجام شد. نتایج نشان داد که افزایش رژیم نوری و شوری به طور معنی‌‌داری (05/0p<) بر تراکم، میزان رشد ویژه و مقدار زیست‌‌توده تأثیرگذار است. بیشترین تراکم سلولی و میزان رشد ویژه به‌ترتیب 107×2/11 سلول در میلی‌‌لیتر و 206/0 در روز، در رژیم نوری D3L:3 و شوری 35 گرم در هزار به‌دست آمد. بیشترین میزان زیست‌‌توده خشک و کل کاروتنوئید‌‌ها به‌ترتیب 4/1 و 6/4 میلی‌گرم در لیتر در رژیم نوری D4L:4 و شوری 40 گرم بر لیتر بود. بیشترین مقدار کلروفیل a و b به‌ترتیب 3/22 و 4/35 میلی‌‌گرم در لیتر در رژیم نوری D3L:3 و شوری 25 گرم بر لیتر اندازه‌گیری شد. نتایج این مطالعه نشان داد که تناوب نوری D3L:3 و D4L:4 توأًم با افزایش شوری می‌تواند باعث بهبود رشد و زیست‌توده و افزایش نسبی رنگدانه‌ها گردد. 2 In the world of aquaculture, microalgae are mainly used as a source of extracting pigments or producing live food for aquatic animals. This research aimed to investigate the combined effects of photoperiods and salinity on the growth, reproduction, and pigments of marine microalgae Tetraselmis tetrathele. The experiment was carried out as a completely randomized design at three photoperiods (3L light: 3D dark, 4L:4D, and 12L:12D) and five different salinities (20, 25, 30, 35, and 40 g/L) with three replicates in each treatment for 23 days. Results showed that the increase in photoperiod and salinity significantly (p<0.05) increased density, specific growth rate, and biomass. The highest cell density and specific growth rate were 11.2 × 107 cells/mL and 0.206 per day, respectively, in the 3L:3D light regime and 35 g/L salinity. The maximum dry biomass and total carotenoids were 1.4 and 4.6 mg/L at 4L:4D and 40 g/L, respectively. Maximum chlorophyll a and b were 22.3 and 35.4mg/L at 3L:3D and 25 g/L salinity, respectively. In conclusion, this study indicated that 3L:3D and 4L:4D photoperiod combined with a high salinity could be improved growth and biomass as well as relative increase in the pigment contents. 105 118 2021/10/112024/07/192024/05/272024/05/242024/06/202024/08/32024/07/282024/02/8 1402/11/19 2024/08/312024/08/312024/08/312024/08/312024/08/312024/08/312024/08/312024/08/31 1403/6/10 امیدوار فرهادیان Omidvar Farhadian گروه شیلات، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران Iran omfarhad@iut.ac.ir مریم همتیان Maryam Hematian گروه شیلات، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران Iran maryam_hemati@iut.ac.ir صفی اله حیدری Safiollah Heidari گروه شیلات، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران Iran heidari.safi98@gmail.com Chlorophyll a Chlorophyll b Carotenoid Specific growth rate Dry biomass Daily biomass کلروفیل a کلروفیل b کاروتنوئید رشد ویژه زیست‌‌توده خشک زیست‌‌توده روزانه Abou-El-Souod, G.W., Hassan, L.H., and Morsy, E.M. 2016. 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مقاله علمی – پژوهشی:‌ بازارسنجی ماهیان تجاری دریایی استان خوزستان بر پایه رتبه‌بندی مطلوبیت: رویکردی نوین و روش‌‌مند Market research on commercial marine fish in Khuzestan province based on desirability ranking: An Innovative methodological approach 1 1 پژوهش پیش‌‌رو با هدف گردآوری و وزن‌‌دهی معیارهای اثرگذار بر مطلوبیت ماهیان و ارائه یک رتبه‌‌بندی منسجم و قابل استناد برای ماهیان تجاری دریایی استان خوزستان انجام شده است. برای شناسایی معیارها از مصاحبه‌‌های نیمه ساختارمند به روش دلفی با 15 نفر از صاحب نظران استفاده شد. سپس اولویت‌بندی معیارها و غربال‌سازی زیرمعیارها با استفاده از روش تحلیل سلسله مراتبی (AHP) انجام شد. به منظور رتبه‌‌بندی مطلوبیت ماهیان برای مصرف‌‌کنندگان، از یک پرسشنامه محقق ساخته استفاده شد و روایی و پایایی پرسشنامه به روش‌‌های معمول تأیید گردید. نرم افزار‌‌های آماری Expert Choice و SPSS برای تحلیل داده‌‌های استخراجی از 181 پرسشنامه تکمیل شده، مورد استفاده قرار گرفتند. معیارهایی نظیر طعم و خوش خوراکی (وزن نسبی = 209/0)، کیفیت پخت (165/0)، تراکم و سختی خار (165/0)، نسبت دورریز (153/0) و قیمت (114/0)، مهم‌ترین عوامل مطلوب بودن ماهیان دریایی خوزستان از دیدگاه خبرگان هستند. گونه‌‌های راشگو (Eleutheronema tetradactylum) (وزن مطلق = 379/0)، شوریده (Otolithes ruber) (368/0)، صبیتی (Sparidentex hasta) (364/0)، هامور معمولی (Epinephelus coioides) (362/0)، حلوا سفید (Pampus argenteus) (360/0)، میش ماهی (Argyrosomus hololepidotus) (353/0)، خنوی خاکستری (Diagramma pictum) (353/0)، شهری معمولی (Lethrinus nebulosus) (351/0)، سرخوی معمولی (Lutjanus johnii) (351/0) و شیر (Scomberomorus commerson) (350/0) به‌ترتیب به عنوان برترین گزینه‌‌ها از نظر معیارهای طبخ، آماده‌سازی و پیش از آماده سازی، شناخته شدند که از نظر مصرف کنندگان مطلوبیت بیشتری دارند. یافته‌‌های این پژوهش می‌‌تواند برای نهادهای برنامه‌‌ریز در توزیع و فروش آبزیان نظیر سازمان شیلات ایران راهگشا بوده و امید است نتایج برای تولید، شکوفایی اقتصادی و نقشه راه صیادی در زمینه تنظیم بازارهای داخلی مؤثر باشد. 2 The present research was conducted to collect and weigh the criteria affecting the desirability of fish and to provide a coherent and citation ranking for commercial marine fish in Khuzestan province. Semi-structured Delphi interviews with 15 experts were used to identify the criteria. The criteria were prioritized and the sub-criteria were screened using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to rank the desirability of fish for consumers and the validity and reliability of the questionnaire were confirmed by conventional methods. Expert Choice and SPSS statistical softwares were used to analyze the data extracted from 181 completed questionnaires. Criteria such as taste and palatability (local weight = 0.209), cooking quality (0.165), thorn density and hardness (0.165), discards ratio (0.153), and price (0.114) are the most striking desirable factors of marine fish in Khuzestan is from the point of view of experts. Fish species including four-finger threadfin (Eleutheronema tetradactylum) (overall weight = 0.379), tiger tooth croaker (Otolithes ruber) (0.368), Sobaity seabream (Sparidentex hasta) (0.364), orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides) (0.362), silver pomfret (Pampus argenteus) (0.360), Southern meager (Argyrosomus hololepidotus) (0.353), gray sweetlips (Diagramma pictum) (0.353), spangled emperor (Lethrinus nebulosus) (0.351), John’s snapper (Lutjanus johnii) (0.351), and narrow-barred mackerel (Scomberomorus commerson) (0.350) were known as the best options in terms of cooking, preparation, and pre-preparation criteria, respectively, which are more desirable to consumers. The findings of this study can be beneficial for the organizations relevant in the distribution and trade of aquatic animals, such as the Iran Fisheries Organization and it is hoped that the results will be fruitful for production, economic prosperity, and the fishing road map in line with the regulation of domestic markets. 119 131 2021/10/112024/07/192024/05/272024/05/242024/06/202024/08/32024/07/282024/02/82024/07/31 1403/5/10 2024/08/312024/08/312024/08/312024/08/312024/08/312024/08/312024/08/312024/08/312024/08/31 1403/6/10 نیما شیری Nima Shiry سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی Iran nima.shiry@gmail.com هوشنگ انصاری Hooshang Ansari سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی Iran hooshang.ansari@yahoo.com محمد خسروی زاده Mohammad Khosravizadeh گروه شیلات، دانشکده منابع طبیعی دریا، دانشگاه علوم و فنون دریایی خرمشهر، خرمشهر، ایران Iran mohamad.27kh@gmail.com Analytical hierarchical process (AHP) Persian Gulf Ranking Fish Consumer Desirability تحلیل سلسله مراتبی (AHP) خلیج فارس رتبه‌‌بندی ماهی مصرف‌کننده مطلوبیت Abu Hena, M.K., Idris, M.H., Wong, S.K. and Kibria, M.M., 2011. 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یافته علمی کوتاه:‌ اثر اندازه و تراکم بچه‌ماهیان کپور(Cyprinus carpio) رهاسازی‌شده در بازسازی ذخایر دریای خزر Effect of the size and density of released Cyprinus carpio juveniles on the restoration of Caspian Sea stocks 1 1  کیفیت بچه‌ماهیان پرورشی و کیفیت رهاسازی آنها در میزان بازسازی ذخایر آبزیان نقش دارد. در این مطالعه اثر اندازه و تعداد بچه‌ماهیان کپور در زمان رهاسازی بر روی تولید، بیومس و سود حاصل از فعالیت صیادی ماهی کپور در دریای خزر بررسی شد. داده‌های مورد نیاز برای این مطالعه شامل تعداد بچه‌ماهیان رهاسازی شده، اندازه بچه‌ماهیان در زمان رهاسازی، میزان صید سالانه کپور در جنوب شرقی دریای خزر طی سالهای 78 تا 96 و پارامترهای جمعیت برآورد شده از داده‌های صید ماهی کپور در سالهای 98 و 99 از طریق مرور منابع بدست آمد.  نتایج نشان داد در جمعیتی که بازسازی ذخایر صورت نگرفت میزان سود حاصل از صید و بیوماس کاهش یافت. درحالی‌که، رهاسازی بچه‌ماهیان پرورشی به طول 7 سانتی‌متر (که طولی معادل 10 درصد طول بینهایت ماهی کپور دارند) نشان داد سود صید و بیوماس نسبی با افزایش تلاش صیادی کاهش یافت که بیانگر صید بیرویه ماهی کپور است. بنابراین، رهاسازی بچه‌ماهیان یک گرمی، که طول بچه‌ماهیان پرورشی در زمان رهاسازی کمتر از 10% طول بینهایت آن است، ممکن است بیومس و تولید ماهی کپور را افزایش ندهد. در مقابل، این فرایند تنها هزینه بازسازی ذخایر را بالا برد. همچنین، وقتی طول بچه‌ماهیان رهاسازی شده به  %10 طول بینهایت افزایش یافت حداکثر سود حاصل از صید ذخایر بازسازی شده برای صیادان در %30 واحد تلاش صیادی بدست آمد. 2 The quality of hatchery reared juvenile fish and their releasing quality to the wild would impact the rate of stock enhancement in the aquatic resource. This study examined the impact of size and density of the hatchery-reared juveniles on the biomass, catch and profit of fishing activities of common carp in the Caspian Sea. Data used in this study was extracted through literatures review, including the number and the size of hatchery reared juveniles of common carp at the releasing time to the wild, annual catch of common carp from 1999 to 2017 in the south-east of the Caspian Sea, and population parameters of common carp estimated using length frequency data in 2019 and 2020. The results indicated that economic rent and biomass decreased in the population without stocking. While, releasing hatchery-reared juveniles at the length of 7 cm (the length equal to the 10% of ) showed that catch profit and relative biomass declined by increasing fishing effort, which was associated with overfishing. Thus, releasing one-gram hatchery-reared, which the length of released juveniles is less than 10% of population asymptotic lengthy , may not increase common carp yield and biomass. In contrast, this may only increase the cost of stock enhancement. In addition, when the size or length of released juveniles increased to the 10% of population asymptotic length, the maximum economic rent (gross revenue) was obtained in the 30% of fishing effort unit. 133 137 2021/10/112024/07/192024/05/272024/05/242024/06/202024/08/32024/07/282024/02/82024/07/312023/06/13 1402/3/23 2024/08/312024/08/312024/08/312024/08/312024/08/312024/08/312024/08/312024/08/312024/08/312024/08/31 1403/6/10 ضیاء کردجزی Ziya Kordjazi دانشگاه گنبدکاووس Iran z.kordjazi@gmail.com حجت جعفریان Hojjat Jafaryan دانشگاه گنبدکاووس Iran hojat.jafariyan@gmail.com محمد فرهنگی Mohammad Farhangi دانشگاه گنبدکاووس Iran s.farhangi@yahoo.com Release of hatchery-reared fish Stock enhancement Cyprinus carpio Caspian Sea رهاسازی بچه‌ماهیان پرورشی بازسازی ذخایر Cyprinus carpio دریای خزر Abdolmalaki, S., Khoshghalb, M., Mosavi, S., and Alizadeh, M., 2020. History of sturgeon propagation and restocking in the Caspian Sea. Sturgeon Scientific Extension Journal, 4, 7-15. (in Persian)##Bandani, G., Larijani, M., Frazil, H., and Daryanabard, G., 2020. Analyzing the trend of catch rate and reconstruction of carp and roach in the Iranian waters of Caspian Sea. Journal of Utilization and Cultivation of Aquatics, 9(2), 45-56. DOI: 10.22069/japu.2020.15590.1459. (in Persian)##Camp, E., Collins, A. B., Ahrens, R. N., and Lorenzen, K., 2020. Fish Population Recruitment: What recruitment means and why it matters. EDIS-IFAS, Document number: FA222. 1-6. https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/publication/FA222. DOI: 10.32473/edis-fa222-2020. ##Cooney, R.T. and Brodeur, R.D., 1998. Carrying capacity and North Pacific salmon production: stock-enhancement implications. Bulletin of Marine Science, 62(2), 443-464. ##Farabi, S.M.V., Khoshbavar Rostami, H., Ghaneei Tehrani, M., Ghiasi, M., Azari, A., Behrouzi, S., Mosavi, H., Firozkandian. S., Habibi. F., Zahedi Tabarestani.A. Mallaei, H., Mahdavi Amiri, A., Aghlmandi, F. and Binaei, M. (2007). The investigation of status brood stocks and releasing fingerlings of Rutilus frisii kutum (Kaminski, 1901) in the south of Caspian Sea (Mazandaran province, 2004). Pajouhesh & Sazandgi, 74, 156-166. (in Persian)##Larijani, M., Kordjazi, Z., Patimar, R., Bandani, G., Ansari, Z. and Jafarian, H., 2023. The management of Common carp Fisheries using spawning potential ratio (SPR) in the southeast of the Caspian Sea. Ecology and Fisheries Management. DOI: 10.1111/fme.12660. ##Le Vay, L., Carvalho, G.R., Quinitio, E.T., Lebata, J.H., Ut, V.N. and Fushimi, H. (2007). Quality of hatchery-reared juveniles for marine fisheries stock enhancement. Aquaculture, 268, 169-180. DOI: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2007.04.041.##Lorenzen, K., 2005. Population dynamics and potential of fisheries stock enhancement: practical theory for assessment and policy analysis. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 360(1453), 171-189. DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2004.1570.##Lorenzen, K. and Camp, E.V., 2019. Density-dependence in the life history of fishes: when is a fish recruited? Fisheries Research, 217, 5-10. DOI:10.1016/j.fishres.2018.09.024.##Lorenzen, K. and Medley, P.A., 2006. Enhancefish manual (Beta release). London: imperial College.##Myers, R.A., 2001. Stock and recruitment: generalizations about maximum reproductive rate, density dependence, and variability using meta-analytic approaches. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 58(5), 937-951. DOI: 10.1006/jmsc.2001.1109.##Ruiyu, F., Yu, G., Jinming, L., Jinhui, S., Gang, Y., Yigui, W. and Chuanxin, Q., 2023. Strategy of Stock Enhancement Using EnhanceFish Model: A Case of Acanthopagrus latus Enhancement in Nanlang Water Area, Zhongshan City. Progress in Fishery Sciences, 44(5), 1-10. DOI: 10.19663/j.issn2095-9869.20220502001.##Walters, C. J., & Juanes, F. (1993). Recruitment limitation as a consequence of natural selection for use of restricted feeding habitats and predation risk taking by juvenile fishes. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 50(10), 2058-2070. DOI: 10.1139/f93-229.## ##