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Barbus sp. fish samples were collected during November 2007 to October 2008 from five landing stations in Karoon River: Gotvand, Shoshtar, Molasani, Ahwaz, and Darkhoin. During one year of study, more than 2000 specimens of B. grypus and B. barbulus were measured, mean±SD length values for this species were 37.94±8.18 and 43.62±10.27, respectively and maximum and minimum total length were 20-76cm and 20-94cm, respectively. Mean±SD of weight values for this species were 873.2±1092.45 grams and 778.59±725.97 grams, respectively and maximum and minimum weight were 52-11170 grams and 52-4675 grams, respectively. Growth and mortality parameters were calculated for B. grypus and B. barbulus as L∞: 86.64, 132.9 and K: 0.27, 0.17 and t0: -0.46, -0.66, M: 0.50, 0.33, F: 1.22, 1.04, Z: 1.72, 2.72, 'Ф: 3.31, 3.48, E: 0.71, 0.76, respectively. According to the exploitation coefficient, B. grypus and B. barbulus stocks are overfished hence we suggest a decrease in exploitation coefficient. Based on results and their comparison with the American Fisheries Society (AFS) indices, these species are classified in moderate to high vulnerable group fishes. *Corresponding author

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Population parameters of Whipfin silver-biddy (Gerres filamentosus) and Longtail silverbiddy (Gerres longirostris) were studied from January to December 2006 in three creeks (Markazi, Khalasi and Gabrik) of Hara protected area in Jask, Oman Sea. All fishes were sampled by boat trawl and beach seine. Growth parameters were determined using the monthly length–frequency parameters. The Mean total length was calculated at 6.2 and 5.4cm for Whipfin silver-biddy and Longtail silver-biddy. The values of L∞ and K for Whipfin silver-biddy were 16.8cm and 0.99 yr-1 and for Longtail silver-biddy, these were 15cm and 0.77 yr-1, respectively. The value of to was calculated at -0.12 year for both species. The longevity was estimated to be 3 years for Whipfin silver-biddy and 3.8 years for Longtail silver-biddy. The length-weight relationship were determined as W= 0.0088 L3.21 and W= 0.0087L 3.18 for Whipfin silver-biddy and Longtail silver-biddy, respectively. Results showed the fish were in their juvenile stage which emphasized the supporting roles of creeks for Gerridae as nursery ground. * Corresponding author

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Some biological aspects of Mesopotamichthys sharpeyi were studied in Shadegan Wetland, Iran. Monthly samples were collected from five stations: Doragh, Rogabe, Khorosy, Salmane and Atish. A total of 437 specimens were measured from April 2013 to March 2014. Mean (±SD) (Range) length values for the male and female were calculated as 252±28 (95-357), 249±38 (115-374)mm respectively and mean (±SD) (Range) weight values were 218±31 (18-366 ),239±39(15-651)g respectively. The length-weight relationships were calculated as W=0.000006L3.11 (R2=0.85) for male, W=0.000005L3.14 (R2= 0.86) for female. The spawning occurred from April to July, and length at maturity (LM), weight at maturity (WM) and production per biomass (P/B) were calculated for male and female as LM=208, 220 mm WM=97, 133 g and P/B= 0.53, 0.50 per year, respectively. *Corresponding author

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Around ten thousands fries of Striped grey mullet (Mugil cephalus) with average weight and length of 280
mg and 28.3 mm respectively, imported in March 2008 from Egypt. The wild fries collected from
surrounding natural waters of Alexandria.They stocked in four earthen ponds (each with 2500 m2) located at
the Gomishan shrimp educational centre at late march in 2008. At the first year of culture the densities were
5000 and 10000 individuals per hectare and each treatment with two replicates. At second year, densities
changed with 2000 and 2500 individuals per hectares and each of the treatments divided fishes with average
primary weights of 80 and 115 grams.They fed twice a day at 8 AM and 2 PM and the amount was 5-7
percents of the fish existent biomass in each ponds.After seven months culture period, the average weight
and length of fish in treatment 5000 ind./hec. were 113.7 gr and 21.1 cm respectively and in treatment 10000
ind./hec. the average weight and length were 86.6 gr and 19.6 cm respectively. At first year the average
survival rate in different treatments was 77 percent. The average FCR in treatments 5000 and 10000 ind./hec.
were 3.4 and 3.9 respectively.At second years after six months culture the average weights in pond no. 9
(with primary weight 115 gr and density 2000 ind./hec) , pond no. 10 (with primary weight 80 gr and density
2000 ind./hec) , pond no. 11 (with primary weight 115 gr and density 2500 ind./hec) and pond no. 12 (with
primary weight 80 gr and density 2500 ind./hec) calculated as 476.6 ,338.1, 366.5 and 440 gr respectively.
The average survival rate and FCR were 93 % and 3.1 respectively.
 

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The present study was designed to investigate the effect of bacteria Weissella cibaria as to probiotic on growth factors on Siberian sturgeon. The fish averaged 143.55 ± 0.04 g in weight were placed in 12 tanks for 60 days in four treatments everyone to three replicates including 0.2 g probiotic containing 10⁷CFU / g for the first treatment (TA); 2 g probiotic containing 10⁸CFU / g for the second treatment (TB) and 20 mg probiotic containing 10⁹CFU / g for the third treatment (TC), and diet without probiotics for the control treatment (C), respectively and at the end of the trial meantime measurement the growth rate proceed to means Statistical analysis (ANOVA one- way- 95%) although, all probiotics-treated diets were resulted in to increases parameters feed conversation ration (FCR), specific growth rate (SGR) and protein efficiency ratio (PER), body weight index (BWI) comparing to the control group. However, no significant difference Condition Factor (CF) was observed between the treatments and group. Thus using this type of probiotics can be effective in improving the growth parameters.

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This research in line with fish cage culture plan in the southern coast of the Caspian Sea was carried out. Sampling was seasonally in 8 transects at the depth of 5-100 m from Astara to Torkaman areas in 2008-2009. The aim of this study was to investigate the distribution, abundance and biomass of macrobenthic invertebrate. The highest abundance and biomass were found in transects of Amirabad with average 10931.7±7301.4N/m2 and Astara with mean 86.2±160.3g/m2, respectively. This could be due to the presence of alien species into the Caspian Sea, Streblospio gynobranchiata in 2003 and is the dominant population of macrobenthic invertebrate concern up to 58.4% and increased of S. gynobranchiata (high power compatibility) and mussels of Cerastoderma glaucum (large size) is relevant, respectively. The abundance and biomass have fluctuations in different seasons and the highest abundance with average 6280.1±5693.1N/m2 and biomass with mean 66.1±126.9g/m2 was in winter and spring, respectively. A significant difference between abundance and transects (p<0.05), no significant difference between abundance and depth and seasons (p>0.05), significant difference between biomass and depth (p<0.05) and no significant difference between biomass at transect and seasons (p>0.05) were found. Also, according to multivariate analysis of benthic invertebrate on the abundance at various depths revealed that depths of 5, 10 and 20 meters from the importance of certain fisheries in terms of frequency, abundance and biomass of the macrobenthic invertebrate, slope substrate, substrate, close to the beach, the accumulation of nutrients, Nursery ground, feeding ground and Spawning ground is important for different important species in the Caspian Sea. Therefore, the establishment of fish cage culture was recommended more than 20-meter depths according to the plans of fish cage culture in the southern coast of the Caspian Sea of the Iranian Fisheries Organization.

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The aim of the current investigation was to determine the concentration of some heavy metals in a number of aquatic invertebraes commnly used as live feed in aquaculture. For this goal, samples of blood worm, sludge worm, earthworm, gammarus, shelled snail, freshwater ghost shrimp and tiny marine shrimp were prepared from aquatic environment or from imported live feeds. Samples were digested chemically and the atomic absorption were recorded as µg/g dry weight. Results showed that the highest level of heavy metals concentration were detected in live feeds as follows: iron (213.4±10.2), cadmium (1.15±0.013) and nickel (20.97±3.6) in earthworm; zinc (105.71±5.8), chrome (19.63±5.3) in sludge worm; copper (37.34±4.2) in freshwater ghost shrimp and lead (24.71±4.7) in tiny marine shrimp respectively. It is proposed that high rates of heavy metals detected in some of live feeds in the present study may eventually have a severe negative impact on fish and human health conditions. Therefore, it is suggested that upper limit concentration of these elements be defined as an import health standard for every permission of importation of live feeds.

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The present study has studied factors influencing the consumption of fresh fish in Iran. Information required for the study, included cost-income data of 38252 urban and rural households that has been collected in 2015 by the Statistical Center of Iran. Due to the nature of the data, first from the Tobit, Hackman and double Hurdle models based on likelihood ratio and Wong tests along with sign coefficients and their significance, double Hurdle model was selected as an appropriate model. Results showed that age, education and gender of household head, income status, living area and distance to the sea have a significant positive impact on participation (decision to consume fresh fish) and head`s age, head`s education, wife`s education, family size and monthly income of the household and the price index for meat and poultry have positive effect and the price of fish has a significant negative impact on the consumption of fish. So more awareness and expand access centers can be effective in increasing consumption.

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Goldfish rearing is common in most countries of the world. In this study, 150 specimens of Goldfish were taken from four fish farms (12 pools) seasonally and selectively, and transferred alive in the bacteriological laboratory of Inland Waters Aquaculture Research Center. The bacteria were isolated from professional test and biochemical methods. The results showed that Goldfish and pool water bacteria isolations were included Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas sp., Aeromonas sp., Sterptococcus sp., Vibrio sp., Mycobacterium sp. In different seasons of the year, the highest and lowest abundance of bacteria in Goldfish, respectively, belonged to the genus Pseudomonas spp. (33/6%) and Streptococcus spp. (7/3%).

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The rate of overfishing of Black pomfret (Parastromateus niger) in the southern waters (1997-2018) was performed based on CMSY model, R software, Bayesian status approach (Problem solving based on basic information) and Monte Carlo simulation. The average catch of this species was 5570 tons with a 95% confidence interval of 4145 to 6994 tons and the average catch increased significantly during the last two decades in the Southern Waters  (R = 0.86, P <0.05). The catch of this species in the southern waters has increased from about 2500 tons in 1997 to about 12500 tons in 2018 and Sistan and Baluchestan province has the highest trend of Black pomfret fish catch in the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea. Considering the rate of overfishing (total weight) of Black pomfret fish in the southern waters, the catch status of this species has changed from low (green color) in 2008 to medium catch (yellow color) in 2018. The overfishing rate of this species in Bushehr province is red color. It seems, in order to maintain sustainable yield, fishing effort rate and catch rate in the southern waters, especially in Khuzestan and Bushehr provinces, should be reduced.

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Due to the many effects of dietary nucleotide such as increasing the immune system, reducing stress, disease resistance, better growth and longer survival, the present study was designed and performed to investigate the effect of dietary nucleotide supplementation (ascogen) on hematological parameters and carcass composition of Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii). Ascogen has optimal levels of RNA and nucleotides. In this regard, 450 fish (39.77 ± 10.24 g) were distributed in 15 tanks (300 liters). Fish were fed with 5 nucleotide treatments including control treatment (0 g/kg), treatment 1 (0.2 g/kg), treatment 2 (0.4 g/kg), treatment 3 (0.6 g/kg) and treatment 4 (0.8 g/kg) was selected in 3 replications for 63 days. Fish were fed about 3% of body weight in 4 meals. At the end of the period, it was determined that the fish were fed with treatments 3 (0.6 g/kg) and 4 (0.8 g/kg) in terms of hematological indices and treatment 4 (0.8 g/kg) in terms of carcass composition had better performance than other treatments. Therefore, treatments 3 (0.6 g/kg) and 4 (0.8 g/kg), especially treatment 4 (0.8 g/kg) had the most positive effect and nucleotides were able to induce their positive effects in fish and improved conditions and increased efficiency.

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The marine ecosystems are getting warmer and less oxygen and eventually becoming more acidic, there is also clear evidence that fish species are threatened by capture fishery on a regional and global scale. For this reason, the assessment of the inherent vulnerability of major species of catches is of great importance. There are several indicators of vulnerability classifications, and one of the most important is the biological and ecological characteristics of fish. This research tries to classify their vulnerability by examining the demographic parameters of major catch fish species in southern Iran and the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). In this study, according to the vulnerability index, which has values from 0 to 100, the following classification was performed. Low vulnerability fish (liza kluzengerii, Nemipterus japonicas) with values from 0 to 25, the medium vulnerability (Platycephalus indicus, Psettodes erumei) with values of 25 to 50, the high vulnerability (Pumpus argenteus, Tenualosa ilisha) 50 to 75, and very high vulnerability (Argyrosomus hololepidotus, Rhynchobatus djiddensis) 75 to 100. Undoubtedly, this type of classification can be useful for fishery managers and fishery managers and help them to better understand species and planning appropriately. In fact, we will build on this approach and have a better understanding of species variation and climate change, and will examine the risk of fish species being confronted with and their compatibility.

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In the present study, the effects of the different levels soybean meal replacement with sesame oil-cake in rainbow trout diet on growth performance, body biochemical composition and liver enzymes were evaluated. An 8-week feeding period were performed by Four experimental diets with different levels of sesame oil-cake 0% (S0), 5% (S5), 10% (S10) and 15% (S15), respectively, in a completely randomized design in triplicate. Growth and nutrition indices including final weight (FW), specific growth rate (SGR), weight gain (WG), feed conversion ratio (FCR), lipid efficiency rate (LER) and feed intake (FI) did not show significant differences between different treatments (p<0.05). However, there was a significant difference between S10 (0.23) and S15 (0.21) treatments in protein efficiency rate (PER). In contrast, hepato somatic index (HSI), visceral somatic index (VSI) and condition factor (CF), showed significant difference (p<0.05) between experimental treatments, so that most of them were related to the treatments (S10= 1.07), (S10= 6.29) and (S15= 1.05, respectively, and the lowest of them were observed in the treatments (S15= 0.98), (S15= 5.78) and (S0= 1.02), respectively. There was a significant difference in fillet protein, lipid and moisture (p<0.05) but the amount of ash did not show any significant difference. In addition, the activity of alanine amino transferase and aspartate amino transferase showed a significant decrease with increasing sesame meal and conversely, the activity level of alkaline phosphatase increased significantly with increasing replacement level (p<0.05). According to the results, it can be stated that not only the use of sesame meal instead of soybean meal up to 15% did not have a significant effect on rainbow trout growth and nutritional indices and also improved the health status and quality of the fillet biochemical composition.

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The impact of the covid-19 pandemic on job opportunities losing and life quality reduction of the traditional fisherman community of Iran in order to guide the interventions to maintain the employment and provide the livelihood of the fishing communities were studied in 2021 through an online electronic questionnaire. The data collection was done in a simple random way by sending the link of the questionnaire to the fishing community using the WhatsApp social network. The data quantification method was used to describe the results. A total of 693 questionnaires were received, of which 98.6% were men and 1.4% were women. On the other hand, 76.9% of the interviewees were young people under 50 years old. The results showed that 61.3% of the interviewees confirmed that at least one of their family members lost their job, 84.5% stated that their income decreased, and about 83.2% declared that they had lost their jobs for more than a month due to the spread of the Corona virus. Staying at home to avoid being exposed to the disease as the main reason for unemployment was declared by 65.3% of interviewers. Almost 32% of interviewees stated that they have the possibility of finding an alternative job, and among them, free labor jobs with 42.5% and agriculture with 25.8% were the most important alternative ways of generating income. The outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic has negatively affected the livelihood of the Iranian fishing society, 89.3% of the fishing society was generally worried about preparing food during the Covid-19 pandemic period, and 59.6% were not able to provide their health and medical items. The results of this research recommend the intervention measures of the government regarding the livelihood of the fishing community during unemployment due to crises.

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In this study, the relationship between water physicochemical parameters (sampling of water and soil) and Babylon snail biomass was done by sampling from four fishing grounds of this species in the north of the Oman Sea including Pasabandar, Breis, Pozm, and Konarak from September 2021 to September 2022 by circular cages. The average values of different physicochemical parameters (pH, salinity, turbidity, TOM, dissolved oxygen, and sand and silt) and different nutrients (nitrate, phosphate, ammonia, and nitrite) in the before and after seasons (monsoon) did not show a significant difference (p>0.05) through one-way variance analysis (between several periods) comparison of averages. Temperature and silt parameters from different seasons (before and after monsoon) had significant differences (p<0.05). Multi-layer artificial neural network was used for the correlation among the snail biomass, physicochemical parameters, and water nutrients and it showed that Temperatures and Nitrite were the most impact parameters on (snail biomass). From September to November, the highest catch rate was observed and it was the main season of Babylon snail fishing in Sistan and Baluchistan region due to the decrease in the water temperature and increase in the nitrite content. This study can be considered for fishing sustainability, basic management in exploitation, and a better understanding of the biological and demographic characteristics of this snail species.

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In this research, population characteristics and length-based spawning potential ratio (LBSPR) of longtail tuna (Thunnus tonggol) were investigated. For this purpose, information was collected from 4 fishing grounds on the coasts of Sistan and Baluchistan Province, including Bris, Pasabandar, Pezam and Kanarak. In total, more than 700 fish were bio-measured in the research stations (catch loading areas), and the growth indices were infinite length L∞=132(cm), annual growth coefficient K=0.39, annual natural mortality M=0.61, the annual fishing mortality F=0.88, the total annual mortality Z=1.49 and the annual exploitation coefficient E=0.59 and the time of zero length to=-0.28 and the amount of growth performance index Φ'=3.84. The ratio of length-based spawning potential ratio (LBSPR) in 2022 for this species was LBSPR=0.21(0.16-0.27). This research showed that this species has medium vulnerability and medium stock status, and also the annual harvest of this species is in the stage of overfishing.