Padina boergesenii is one of the most abundant brown algae distributed in the north of Persian Gulf and
Oman Sea. In this study after sampling and preparation of Padina boergesenii by Chroform-Etanol (3-1)
solvent and by Methanol has been extract. Separation and purification of the compounds was carried
out using thin layer, general and inverse column chromatography, Cephadex and high-performance
liquid chromatography (HPLC). Structural elucidation of the constituents was based on the data obtained
from H-NMR, 13C-NMR, HSQC, HMBC, DEPT and Cephadex LH-20. The steroids compounds
separated from above alga were identified as 22-dehydrocholesterol (1), cholesterol (2), fucosterol (3), β-
sitosterol (4), stigmasterol (5), ostreasterol (6) and two epimer of hyroxyestrol(7), based on their spectral
data and from comparison with those previously reported in the literature.

In order to examine the effect of lead on the iron content of blood, sampling of common carp was carried out randomly from a fish culture pond in southeast of Babol by purse seine, in 2008. First of all, the experimental fish were adapted to laboratory conditions for 48 hours. Then, the effect of different concentrations of lead were examined using 3 experimental (A: 4.296 mg/l, B: 7.127 mg/l, C: 8.656 mg/l) and one control groups. There were 12 aquariums, each containing 12 fish. It was tried to apply an equal environmental condition for all of the aquariums during the experiment. Following 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours of exposure, fish were anesthetized and blood samples were taken from caudal vein. The fish average weight and length (total length) were 140.5 g, 21.8 cm, respectively. Concentrations of lead and iron have been determined by ICP-OES after acid digestion of blood samples by Microwave. This study showed that the absorption of lead and its concentration in the blood significantly increased (p<0.05) as the time passed compared to the control group. However, there was no significant trend since the blood acts as a carrier of heavy metals such as lead to the target organs.‌There was also no significant relationship (p<0.05, n=3) between increasing the amount of absorbed lead and blood iron changes. Therefore, it  may be concluded that there is no interaction between blood iron and lead concentration. Increasing trend of blood iron concentration during the experiment was also probably because of some physiological changes resulting from stress in fish.

In recent decades the use of algae in the food and pharmaceutical industries is of great importance. The antimicrobial activity of brown alga methanol, ethyl acetate, hexane, and chloroform extracts on bacteria gram positive, gram negative, and fungi was evaluated by using nutrient broth macrodilution test. Sargassum glaucescense was collected around the coastal waters of Chabahar (Oman Sea) in Nov and Dec 2015. Six pathogenic organisms including; Enterococcus faecium ATCC 51299, Streptococcus mutans ATCC 35668, Shigella boydii ATCC 25923, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 13883, Salmonella enteritidi PTCC, 1709, Candida albicans ATCC 10231 and Aspergillus fumigatus PTCC 5009 were investigated by the broth dilution method. Methanolic Extract for six strains showed good activity amongst eight strains. Hexane extract, after methanolic extract has good effect on antimicrobial activity against five strains. All bacteria strain in this survey has showed resistance against ethyl acetate and chloroformic extracts. All extract of S. glaucescens has good inhibition growth against two fungal strains. S. glaucescens using four various solution extract against eight different human pathogens showed an important antimicrobial and antifungal activity. However, more investigation has to be done on separation, purification and detection of the active ingredients in order to recognize their antifungal and antibacterial activity.

Nemipterid fishes are considered as one of the commercial fish family having considerable catch amount in the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea. There was an annual monitoring survey during 2003-2013 in the Oman Sea using a research bottom trawler for stock assessment purposes. The whole area was stratified into five strata (or sub region) and four depth layers of 10-20, 20-30, 30-50, 50-100 m. The results showed that the best fishing ground for this family were both in western and eastern study area of the Oman Sea, Sistan-o-Baluchistan Province. Amongst five classified sub regions, the Meidani, Galak, Rabech and Biahi in the western part showing the most density with CPUA value of 293.7 kg/km². A comparison between different covered depth layers, it was found that the highest CPUA (331.2 kg/km²) belonged to the depths more than 30 m and with decreasing depth there was a descending trend in catch per unit area value with the lowest value for 10-20 m depths (28.6 kg/km²). This 10 years data show the important finding of increasing of density and catch per unit of area of Nemipterid fishes.

Sea cucumber is a valuable resource containing several materials that can be used as natural products and pharmaceutical industries. In this study, proximate composition and the amount of total phenols, flavonoids and antioxidant activity of fresh and rehydrated (after drying) sea cucumber, Holothuria parva, were examined. The samples were collected from Bandar Lengeh in the Persian Gulf during low tide and kept frozen. The samples were freeze-dried and the moisture content was calculated. The protein, lipid, ash and carbohydrate contents were then measured. The amounts of antioxidant activity (DPPH), phenol and flavonoid contents were also measured. All results have possibility (p<0.05). In fresh sample, the moisture, protein, lipid, ash and carbohydrate contents were ±81.20, ± 12.00, ± 0.34, ±5.50 and ±0.95%, respectively, while they were ±92.50, ± 3.76, ±0.36, ±1.00 and ±2.07% in rehydrated sample. The antioxidant activity in fresh and rehydrated samples were equal to ±0.063 and ±0.060 mg vitamin C/g dry sample, respectively. The IC50 in fresh sample was ±5.26 while in the rehydrated sample was ±4.14. Total phenol content of fresh and rehydrated samples were equal to ±0.22 and ±0.19 mg gallic acid/g dry sample, repectively. The flavonoid contents in fresh and rehydrated samples were equal to ±3.86 and ±5.02 mg Quercetin/g dry sample, respectively. The amounts of protein and ash in fresh sample were significantly higher than rehydrated sample with significant difference (p<0.05). Moisture in rehydrated sample was significantly higher than fresh sample with significant difference (p<0.05). There were no significant difference between fresh and rehydrated samples in terms of their phenon and flavonoid contents. The DPPH radical scavenging capacity was significantly higher in the fresh sample compared to the rehydrated sample with significant difference (p<0.05). It can be concluded that this species of fresh sea cucumber has more antioxidant activity than rehydrated (after drying) sea cucumber and more beneficial to be used in pharmaceutical and food industries.

Aquatic organisms present, not only simple sources of accumulated metal, but can interact with metals, altering their toxicity. Due to exposition of biosphere with metals, organisms have developed various defense mechanisms to protect themselves against adverse effects of these ions and their compounds.MT is one of that which represent a critical mechanismfor detoxificationof metals.The Sterlet (Acipenser ruthenus) is a bottom-feeding sturgeon specie and because the fish are dependent on invertebrate species for food throughout their life cycle, the Sterlet could be a good indicator of the quality state of water ecosystem. Addition of copper to water leads to the induction of metallothionein. The present study analyzed metallothionein gen that (MT) excreted from liver of Sterlet (Acipenser ruthenus) exposed to sub-lethal copper concentrations (0.075mgL(-1).To begin to elucidate molecular mechanism(s) of sensitivity of sturgeons to metals  a RNA encoding metallothionein (MT) was purified from livers of Sterlet then a cdna was synthetized and the MTgene was amplified. The primary structure of Sterlet metallothionein (S-MT) contained 20 cysteine residues, which is the same as MTs of teleost fishes. However, the primary structure of Sterlet metallothionein contained 63 amino acids, which is longer than any MT identified in teleost fishes but similar to Lake sturgeon and White sturgeon. The complete nucleotide sequence of the Sterlet metallothionein gene has been detected. We have determined the structure of the fish copper-binding protein by DNA sequence analysis of the gene.
 

Numerous proteins, peptides, and chemical agents in the venom of venomous marine animals are potentially useful biologically active molecules with pharmacological properties. The main goal of this research was to study the cytotoxic effects isolated crude venom from the Persian Gulf sea anemone, Stichodactyla haddoni against Breast, and Human embryonic kidney cell lines in vitro through using MTT assay. Samples of S. haddoni were collected from coastal waters of Lark island Persian Gulf the south of Iran. The extraction of Aqueous from tentacle was performed. The cell line was cultured in complete tissue culture medium. These cells were exposing in presence of different Serial dilution 100 to 0.78 μg of venom extract in duration time 24 hour. Analysis of statistical for cytotoxic activity of crude venom on cell lines this study showed that activity was similar together in almost all doses(Pvalue <0. 05). IC50 of crude venom against breast, and normal cell lines was observed at 4.13, 117.8µg respectively. With increasing extract concentration, death of cells on cells increased.The extraction induced more lethality on breast cell line than normal cell lines. Therefore, crude venom S.haddoni can be considered as a strong preventive grow agent against cancer cell lines especially breast cancer and with low or without toxicity on human normal cells

In the present study the distribution pattern and density of Ilyoplax frater as the larval stage of crab( family Ocypodidae) were studied by selecting six different stations covering both estuarines (Ramleh, Dubbeh, Shif, Lashkary), Creek-estuary region(farakeh) and Sea station in the northwest Persian Gulf, Bushehr Province waters within June 2015 to March 2016. MeroZooplankton samples were collected bimonthly and physico-chemical parameters (Transparency, Salinity, Temperature, pH, Chl-a) were also measured. In the temporal succession, major peak of I. frater zoea abundance occurred in the September 2015(11974±2359.40 N/m³) and minor peak occurred in Janaury 2016 (83.55± 25.96 N/m³). The highest and the lowest density of I. frater zoea with values of 9796.20 ± 2449.05 and 128.71± 33.99 N/m³were found for Ramleh and Farakeh stations, respectively. The DstLM (Distance Linear Model) test with considering the environmental factors and density of chlorophyll-a it was found that there is significant relationship between I. frater zoea density and some physical and chemical parameters with the most important factors of temperature and salinity in which effects on distribution of I. frater zoea in the study area.
 

This study investigated the present species of Sparidae family in the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea. Population structure of dominant and significant species of the genus” Acanthopagrus” was examined through morphometric and meristic characteristics from June 2014 to May 2016. Sparidae samples were collected from 5 area of Khuzestan, Bushehr, West and East Strait of Hormuz, and Sistan & Baluchistan in the Persian Gulf & Oman Sea. Totally, 54 characteristics comprising 41 morphometric and 13 meristic characteristics were measured in each species and 9 species from Sparidae family including Acanthopagrus arabicus, Acanthopagrus bifasciatus ، Acanthopagrus berda , Argirops spinifer، Crenidense crenidens، Diplodus sargus kotschyi ،  Sparidentex hasta Rhabdosargus sarba and Rhabdosargus haffara, were identified. The result of the investigation on the family structure of Acanthopagrus arabicus species was carried out by Dunkan test on standard length, analysis on classification of morphometric and meristic characteristics, decomposition test to main component of PCA, discriminant function analysis (DFA) and the Cluster test on morphometric and meristic characteristics showed that the studied samples in 5 areas have considerable differences (P<0.05). This result indicated the relatively high phenotypic diversity existence in A. arabicus species in 5 studied area. In average, the percentage of the numbers that were located properly in their original population for morphometric and numbering characteristics were 85.3 and 48.3 respectively.  According to the mentioned assessments, it was concluded that morphometric characteristics indicated more classification power than meristic characteristics in the collected samples of 5 areas.