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Showing 7 results for Amino Acids
S. Bebekam , A.m. Abedian , H. Younesi ,
Volume 19, Issue 4 (1-2011)
Abstract
We investigated production of single cell protein (SCP) from stickwater of kilka fish meal factory as medium using Lactobacillus acidophilus and Aspergillus niger. Stickwater was used instead of the standard media of bacterium and fungus in a batch culture method. Amount of biomass, COD, RNA and protein in the bacterium and fungus in control and stickwater treatments were investigated. In maximum growth time, amino acids profile of the bacterium and fungus were measured and compared between treatments. Bacterial biomass production in the control and stickwater treatments were 3.16 and 5.12g/l, COD reduction was 33270 and 53330mg/l, the measured RNA were 15.27% and 15.04%, the amount of protein were 71.13% and 68.37%, respectively. The difference between bacterium and fungus biomass production was slight. We found that the amount of the fungus biomass in control and stickwater were 6.31 and 7.28g/l, COD reduction were 47800 and 55200mg/l, RNA was 9.36% and 9.09%, the amount of protein were 51.36% and 48.66%, respectively. In both bacterium and fungus, the maximum and minimum amount of amino acid of the control and stickwater was glutamic acid and methionin. The amount of methionin in bacterium was not different with fish meal and FAO reference and in fungus was a little lower than FAO reference. According to the results, application of pure stickwater was suitable for production of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Aspergillus niger.
J. Ghafle Marammazi , M. Yaghoubi , O. Safari ,
Volume 25, Issue 3 (10-2016)
Abstract
Although crystalline amino acids have not been a complete replaceable feeding source but have effective roles in success of replacements of other sources of food in diets of animals; because replacement sources usually have deficiencies that restricts using of them. These restrictions could be eliminated by using crystalline amino acids. Before conducting any research in this field, it is important to know how fish response in using crystalline amino acids in diets. In this study the efficiency of using crystalline amino acids in high proportion of diets in Sobaity sebrem was evaluated by two diets in triplicate during 42 days. The FM diets were based on fish meal and the CAA diets were based on 60% of fish meal and 40% of crystalline amino acids. There were no significant differences between two treatments in feed intake, survival, biometric indices and whole body proximate; but significant differences was observed in final weight, percent of body weight increase, specific growth rate, feed conversion ratio, protein efficiency and nitrogen retention. Whole body amino acid profile of experimental fish showed that histidine and proline were two amino acids with reduced amount in CAA treatment related to the FM. The reduction of growth and feeding factors in CAA treatments related to FM treatments shows that using crystalline amino acid in high proportion in diets of sobaity sebream need more conciderations.
J. Ghafle Marammazi, M. Yaghoubi, O. Safari,
Volume 26, Issue 2 (7-2017)
Abstract
On this study effects of reducing arginine, phenylalanine and tryptophan amino acids in diets of Sobaity seabream in a constant level (40%) on growth, nutritional indices, whole body chemical proximate and amino acids, was assessed. For these purposes four different treatments in triplicate was used during 42 days in base of feeding with semipurified diets containing crystalline amino acids. The control diet was without any deficiency, the arginine (ARG), phenylalanine (PHE) and tryptophan (TRP) diets were deficient in arginine, phenylalanine and tryptophan respectively. Crystalline amino acids were used to formulate diets precisely with desired amounts of deficiency. In fish fed ARG diet, just two factors including nitrogen retention and percentage of weight gain decreased in comparing with control group (P > 0.05). But in PHE and TRP treatments all the growth and nutrition factors including final weight, weight gain, specific growth rate, feed consumption, protein efficiency and nitrogen retention decreased significantly regarding to the control group (P > 0.05). The experimental treatments affect whole body proximate regarding to the control by increasing whole body moisture in PHE, reduction of gross energy in all treatments and reduction of Crude lipids in TRP and PHE (P > 0.05). Reduction of whole body protein in ARG treatment showed using more protein rather than lipids as a source of energy in this group of fish. Reduction of whole body lipid in all treatments regarding to the control group showed some disorder in lipid metabolism. In spite of arginine, phenylalanine and tryptophan deficiency in diets, the amounts of these amino acids in fish whole body did not decreased that showed amino acids sparing effect for these three essential amino acids happened in fish body. The results of the current study showed that reduction of one single essential amino acid from diet have strong effects on other amino acids retention and consequently reduces protein synthesis and growth.
A.a. Esmaeili, A. Keramat, A. Teymori, H. Oraji,
Volume 27, Issue 4 (10-2018)
Abstract
The main goal of the current study was to investigate the effects of low protein diets along with fishmeal replacement by plant protein in rainbow trout diet. In the current study, three protein levels (32, 36 and 40%) and three fishmeal levels (20, 40 and 60%) were tested in rainbow trout. Amino acid content of the diets were balanced by addition of essential amino acids. This led to nine experimental diets and three replicates for each treatment. The results showed that growth parameters were influenced by protein level (p<0.05). However, fishmeal replacement only changed final weight and specific growth weight (p<0.05). The result also revealed that the interaction effect between protein level and fishmeal replacement was significant only for specific growth rate (p<0.05) and there were no interaction effect for other growth parameters (p>0.05). Maximum growth was observed in fish fed diet containing 36% protein and 40% fishmeal. Both protein level and fishmeal replacement affected TAN excretion in rainbow trout (p<0.05) and minimum ammonia nitrogen was observed in treatments 36p20f and 32p40f (p<0.05). In conclusion, the current result suggested that lowering dietary protein by 36% and also fishmeal replacement by plant protein up to 60% did not have a negative impact on growth parameters in rainbow trout when dietary essential amino acids were balanced. This condition also can lead to a lower ammonia release to water.
S. Kamali, Gh. Zareh Gashti, M. Nasri Tajan, F. Noghani, Zh. Khoshkhoo,
Volume 27, Issue 6 (3-2019)
Abstract
The protein concentrate of fish from minced carp meat was obtained during three stages of using the solvent (isopropanol), pressed and dried using a dry temperature (60°C), and this concentrate had 93% protein, which according to aquatic protein sources have a high nutritional value and are used to enrich other food products. Given that current pasta products are from carbohydrate sources and lacking in the lysine and threonine amino acids, this gives the opportunity to be used to enrich and enhance its nutritional quality. In this research, 5 and 15 percent of fish protein concentrates were used for enrichment of pasta and samples were prepared in three replicates and stored at ambient temperature for 3 months and tested for nutritional value and amino acids, with a control sample (no concentrate) were compared. According to the results of experiments, it was determined that in terms of nutritional value and amino acid profile, the treatment with fish protein concentrate was better and in the overall evaluation of concentrate-enriched treatment fish protein was 5% better than other samples and had a significant difference (p<0.05).
Mahdad Mahdabi, Mehdi Shamsaie Mehrgan, Houman Rajabi Islami,
Volume 30, Issue 6 (12-2021)
Abstract
In this study, three protein hydrolysates were produced from muscle, fishmeal and fishmeal effluents (stickwater) of Anchovy Kilka fish (Clupeonella engrauliformis) using Alcalase (temperature=50ºC, pH=8.5, time=2 h) and their proximate compositions and amino acids profiles were analyzed. Based on the results, the highest protein content (81.97%) was in KMH and the lowest lipid (0.51%) and protein (70.31%) contents and the maximum ash (22.64%) were in SWH. The highest degree of hydrolysis was observed in SWH (17.23). KMH and FMH were rich in aspartic acid, glutamic acid and lysine while SWH was rich in glutamic acid, glycine and alanine. KMH had the highest content of hydrophobic and aromatic amino acids (p<0.05). SWH was the only treatment containing ornithine (1.44%). The results of amino acid profiles of hydrolysates and their calculated chemical scores showed that KMH and FMH were rich in the essential amino acids and met the nutritional needs to support optimal growth of human, common carp, rainbow trout, Nile tilapia and monodon shrimp. However, SWH could only meet the amino acid requirements of rainbow trout and the limiting amino acids for other species were methionine, threonine, arginine and isoleucine. Due to The high nutritional values and amino acid composition of KMH and FMH, they could be used as health promoting protein supplements. Also, the SWH composition showed that this effluent could be used for developing value-added products.
Reza Taati, Mohammad Sayad Bourani, Farshad Pourkazem,
Volume 33, Issue 3 (8-2024)
Abstract
This study aims to determine the effects of different dietary levels of lysine and methionine amino acids on growth, survival, and carcass composition of Caspian Kutum (Rutilus frisii). A total number of 144 Kutum fingerlings weighing 3.51±0.78g were distributed into twelve 100-L fiberglass tanks with a density of 12 fish per tank. After one week acclimatization period, fingerlings were fed four experimental diets including diet 1: control (without added amino acid), diet 2: 1% methionine+3% lysine, diet 3: 2% methionine+2% lysine, and diet 4: 3% methionine+1% lysine in triplicate groups for 56 days. Results showed that the fish fed with 3% methionine+1% lysine recorded a significant increase in growth parameters such as final weight (6.75±0.30g), final total length (9.21±0.10cm), weight gain (3.22±0.48g), body weight increase (95.76±13.38%), and specific growth rate (1.20±0.09%/day) (p<0.05). The feed conversion ratio was significantly (p<0.05) improved in mentioned treatment. No significant differences were observed in condition factor, protein efficiency ratio, and survival rate between the dietary treatments (p>0.05). A significant difference in the content of carcass protein was recorded between fish fed different levels of dietary lysine and methionine amino acids with the control group (p<0.05) so that fish fed 3% methionine+1% lysine showed the highest content of carcass protein (16.69±0.35%) (p<0.05). On the other hand, the fish fed with the control diet and diet 3 showed the highest (p<0.05) carcass lipid content. Significant differences were also recorded in the contents of ash and moisture between experimental treatments (p<0.05). According to the obtained results, it can be declared that the level of 3% methionine+1% lysine is optimum for Caspian Kutum.
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