<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<journal>
<title>Iranian Scientific Fisheries Journal</title>
<title_fa>مجله علمي شيلات ايران</title_fa>
<short_title>isfj</short_title>
<subject>Agriculture</subject>
<web_url>http://isfj.ir</web_url>
<journal_hbi_system_id>1</journal_hbi_system_id>
<journal_hbi_system_user>admin</journal_hbi_system_user>
<journal_id_issn>1026-1354</journal_id_issn>
<journal_id_issn_online>2322-5998</journal_id_issn_online>
<journal_id_pii></journal_id_pii>
<journal_id_doi>10.18869/acadpub.isfj</journal_id_doi>
<journal_id_iranmedex></journal_id_iranmedex>
<journal_id_magiran></journal_id_magiran>
<journal_id_sid>000000</journal_id_sid>
<journal_id_nlai>000000</journal_id_nlai>
<journal_id_science>000000</journal_id_science>
<language>fa</language>
<pubdate>
	<type>jalali</type>
	<year>1404</year>
	<month>9</month>
	<day>1</day>
</pubdate>
<pubdate>
	<type>gregorian</type>
	<year>2025</year>
	<month>12</month>
	<day>1</day>
</pubdate>
<volume>34</volume>
<number>5</number>
<publish_type>online</publish_type>
<publish_edition>1</publish_edition>
<article_type>fulltext</article_type>
<articleset>
	<article>


	<language>fa</language>
	<article_id_doi></article_id_doi>
	<title_fa>مقاله علمی – پژوهشی:‌ بررسی اثر فرمالدئید بی سولفیت سدیم (هیدروکسی متانوسولفانات سدیم) در کاهش ترکیبات ازته آب مخازن و بر برخی شاخص‌های خونی، ایمنی و کبدی ماهی کوی (Cyprinus rubrofuscus)</title_fa>
	<title>Effects of sodium formaldehyde bisulfite on ammonia detoxification and biological responses in Koi (Cyprinus rubrofuscus)</title>
	<subject_fa>آلودگي محيطهاي آبي</subject_fa>
	<subject>آلودگي محيطهاي آبي</subject>
	<content_type_fa>گزارش مورد</content_type_fa>
	<content_type>case report</content_type>
	<abstract_fa>&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:11pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:67%&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;direction:rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;unicode-bidi:embed&quot;&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;line-height:67%&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; compset=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;نیتروژن آمونیاکی آلاینده اصلی، مصرف&#8204;کننده اکسیژن و یک عامل محدودکننده محیطی رایج در آبزی&#8204;پروری است که می&#8204;تواند به&#8204;سرعت در آب انباشته&#8204; شود و به غلظت&#8204;های سمی برسد. ماهی&#8204;ها به&#8204;خصوص ماهی کوی &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-size:10.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:67%&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;(&lt;i&gt;Cyprinus rubrofuscus&lt;/i&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;line-height:67%&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; compset=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;، در برابر سمیّت ناشی از نیتروژن آمونیاکی آسیب&#8204;پذیر هستند. در مطالعه حاضر، اثرات سمی مختلف آمونیاک بر ماهی کوی ازجمله شاخص&#8204;های آبی، خونی، کبدی، رشدی و پاسخ ایمنی مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. بدین منظور، تعداد 360 عدد ماهی کوی با میانگین وزنی 50 گرم به صورت تصادفی در 24 آکواریوم (15 قطعه در هر اکواریوم) قرار داده شدند. و آزمون در 6 تیمار با چهار تکرار و در هر تکرار 15 عدد ماهی &lt;a name=&quot;_Hlk212902394&quot;&gt;به&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-size:14.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:67%&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; lotus=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;ا&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;line-height:67%&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; compset=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;زاء هر &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;line-height:67%&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; compset=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-size:10.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:67%&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt; ppm &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;line-height:67%&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; compset=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;آمونیاک تام &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;line-height:67%&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; compset=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;31 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;line-height:67%&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; compset=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;میلیگرم &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-size:10.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:67%&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;FBS &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;line-height:67%&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; compset=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;در هر لیتر&amp;nbsp; استفاده شد. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;line-height:67%&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; compset=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;آزمون&#8204;ها تا تلف شدن 50 درصد&amp;nbsp; ماهیان ادامه یافت و نمونه&#8204;برداری از روز صفر لغایت روز 14 انجام شد. نتایج بررسی شاخص&#8204;های رشد مربوط به ماهی&#8204;های کوی نشان داد که تفاوت معنی&#8204;داری در گروه&#8204;های مختلف از مقادیر میانگین وزن، درصد بازماندگی و درصد رشد روزانه پس از پایان تحقیق وجود دارد. بررسی شاخص&#8204;های مربوط به آب نشان داد که تفاوت معناداری در میزان سختی آب بین روزهای مورد بررسی مربوط به تیمار چهارم (039/0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-size:10.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:67%&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;p&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-size:10.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:67%&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;=&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;line-height:67%&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; compset=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;line-height:67%&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; compset=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;وجود دارد. نتایج مربوط به شاخص&#8204;های خونی &amp;nbsp;مانند (لمفوسیت ، نوتروفیل ، هماتوکریت ، هموگلوبین، گلبول سفید و گلبول قرمز) &amp;nbsp;نشان داد &amp;nbsp;که &amp;nbsp;تفاوت معناداری در بین تیمار 4 در شاخص لمفوسیت وجود دارد. همچنین در تیمار موردنظر در شاخص نوتروفیل، هماتوکریت، هموگلوبین، تعداد گلبول&#8204;های قرمز&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-size:10.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:67%&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;(RBC) &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;line-height:67%&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; compset=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;(میلی&#8204;لیتر) و تعداد گلبول&#8204;های سفید خون (&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-size:10.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:67%&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;WBC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;line-height:67%&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; compset=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;) (میلی لیتر)، تفاوت معنادار مشاهده شد. بررسی نتایج نشان داد که در تیمار ۴، در شاخص&#8204;های سرمی&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-size:10.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:67%&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt; C3 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;line-height:67%&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; compset=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;و&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-size:10.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:67%&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt; C4&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;line-height:67%&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; compset=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;(میلی&#8204;گرم بر دسی&#8204;لیتر)، &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-size:10.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:67%&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;SGPT&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;#_ftn1&quot; name=&quot;_ftnref1&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align:super&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;line-height:67%&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; compset=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align:super&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:10.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:115%&quot;&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;[1]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;line-height:67%&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; compset=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt; (واحد بر لیتر) و(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-size:10.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:67%&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;ALP&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;#_ftn2&quot; name=&quot;_ftnref2&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align:super&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;line-height:67%&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; compset=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align:super&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:10.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:115%&quot;&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;[2]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;line-height:67%&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; compset=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt; (واحد بر لیتر)، تفاوت معناداری نسبت به سایر تیمارها مشاهده شد&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-size:10.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:67%&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;.(&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt;&lt;0.05) &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;line-height:67%&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; compset=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;نتایج هیستوپاتولوژی نشان داد که هپاستوسیت&#8204;ها و سینوزوئیدهای کبدی بدون عارضه دیده می&#8204;شوند که نشان از عدم تأثیر آمونیاک به مقدار 5/0 میلی&#8204;گرم در لیتر&amp;nbsp; در مواجهه با&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-size:10.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:67%&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;) FBS &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;line-height:67%&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; compset=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;1/55&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;line-height:67%&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; compset=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;گرم)، بوده است. نتیجه نهایی این تحقیق نشان داد که&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-size:10.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:67%&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt; FBS &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;line-height:67%&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; compset=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;به&#8204;تنهایی توانست بیشترین بار آمونیاکی را طی 6 روز تحقیق و حتی پس از برداشتن کیسه&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-size:10.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:67%&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt; FBS &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;line-height:67%&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; compset=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;از آکواریوم&#8204;ها بردارد.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size:14.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:67%&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; lotus=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt; بر&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:67%&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; compset=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;اساس نتایج حاصله از جدول نیتریت چنین به نظر می رسد که &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-size:10.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:67%&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;FBS&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:67%&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; compset=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;توانسته است مقادیر نیتریت &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:67%&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; compset=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;6&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:67%&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; compset=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;روزه را به میزان قابل ملاحضه ای درگروه کنترل مثبت نسبت به گروه &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;line-height:67%&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; compset=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;کنترل منفی کاهش دهد&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-size:10.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:67%&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:67%&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; compset=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt; عدم تفاوت معنی&#8204;دار بین مقادیر آمونیاک در گروه&#8204;های شاهد مثبت و منفی در روزهای مشابه نمونه&#8204;برداری می&#8204;تواند حاکی از عدم تأثیر&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-size:10.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:67%&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt; FBS&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:67%&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; compset=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt; بر کاهش نیترات آب در مطالعه حاضر است. براساس نتایج حاصله، هر یک از شاخص&#8204;های خونی، ایمنی و کبدی ماهی کوی در حضور&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-size:10.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:67%&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt; FBS &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:67%&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; compset=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;تغییر می&#8204;کند&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-size:10.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:67%&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:67%&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; compset=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&amp;nbsp;
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&lt;div id=&quot;ftn1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:10pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;#_ftnref1&quot; name=&quot;_ftn1&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align:super&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:9.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align:super&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:9.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:115%&quot;&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;[1]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:9.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;Serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:9.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt; (&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:9.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;SGPT)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot; lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size:9.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div id=&quot;ftn2&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:10pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;#_ftnref2&quot; name=&quot;_ftn2&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align:super&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:9.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align:super&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:9.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:115%&quot;&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;[2]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:9.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;Alkaline Phosphatase&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:9.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;(ALP)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;</abstract_fa>
	<abstract>&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:12pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:17.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:11.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;Introduction&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; lang=&quot;FA&quot; nazanin=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:11pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:120%&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;text-autospace:none&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif&quot;&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;In fish and other aquatic animal farming systems, ammonia is produced by protein metabolism and bacterial activity on excreta and ingested or unabsorbed nutrients (Zhang and Perschbacher, 2003).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;Exposure to ammonia can cause many toxic effects on fish, affecting physiological and biochemical functions. Ammonia accumulation in fish tissue causes disruption of the circulatory system and various hematological parameters related to lipid metabolism, the immune defense system, blood coagulation, and molecular transport. Exposure to ammonia also causes tissue damage, including to fish gills, liver, and kidneys, through oxidative damage and physiological toxicity. For this reason, in this study, it was decided to use sodium formaldehyde bisulfite (sodium hydroxymethanesulfonate) to reduce nitrogen compounds in reservoir water and some liver and immune blood indices of koi fish, for example, &lt;i&gt;Cyprinus rubrofuscus&lt;/i&gt; (&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;Xu &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., 2021&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;). &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;The present study aimed to evaluate the toxic effects of high ammonia (1.5 mg/L) on koi carp and the potential protective role of FBS. Specifically, the objectives were: (1) to assess the impact of severe&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot; lang=&quot;AR-DZ&quot; new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;Sodium formaldehyde bisulfite (CH₃NaO₄S; FBS) is widely used to mitigate ammonia toxicity in aquaculture. It functions by chelating free ammonia, reducing its bioavailability and harmful effects. FBS has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use in edible aquatic species since&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;1989 and is effective across a broad range of water temperatures, including near-freezing conditions. Its application has been documented&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot; lang=&quot;AR-DZ&quot; new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt; in fish, bivalves, and crustaceans, making it a versatile and cost-effective solution for ammonia management in diverse aquaculture settings&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:11pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:120%&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;text-autospace:none&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:11pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:120%&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;text-autospace:none&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif&quot;&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:12pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:120%&quot;&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:11.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:120%&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;Methodology&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:12pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:120%&quot;&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:11.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:120%&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:normal&quot;&gt;A total of 360 koi Fish (&lt;i&gt;Cyprinus rubrofuscus&lt;/i&gt;) with an average weight of 50 g were randomly assigned to 24 aquaria, following a completely randomized design. Six treatments were established, but this study focuses on the highest ammonia exposure (T4, 1.5 mg/L) and two control groups: a positive control (FBS only)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:11.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:120%&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:normal&quot;&gt;and a negative control (no additives&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:11.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:120%&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:11.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:120%&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:normal&quot;&gt;. Each treatment had four replicates with 15 fish per tank. FBS was administered proportionally to ammonia concentration. The experiment continued until 50% mortality occurred in T4. Water quality parameters&amp;mdash;including ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, pH, hardness, dissolved oxygen, and temperature&amp;mdash;were monitored daily, in line with standard aquaculture management guidelines (Boyd and Tucker, 1998). Fish were sampled at mortality checkpoints; two individuals per tank were collected for hematological, serum, and histopathological analyses. Blood was analyzed for RBC and WBC counts, hemoglobin, hematocrit, lymphocyte percentages, and neutrophil percentages. Serum complement proteins C3 and C4 and enzyme activities including ALT (SGPT), AST, and ALP were measured .Tissue samples from gills, liver, and kidneys were fixed, sectioned, and examined microscopically for histopathological changes. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by Duncan&amp;rsquo;s multiple range test at &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt;&lt;0.05.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:12pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:120%&quot;&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:11.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:120%&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;Results&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:11.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:120%&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:normal&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:12pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:120%&quot;&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:11.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:120%&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:normal&quot;&gt;Exposure to high ammonia (T4, 1.5 mg/L) caused significant negative impacts on koi rubrofuscus. Final body weights in T4 were significantly lower than controls, with a negative specific growth rate (SGR) indicating growth suppression. Survival&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:11.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:120%&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:normal&quot;&gt;was 100% in +C and -C, but lower in higher ammonia treatment4. Table 1 summarizes biometric differences.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:12pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:120%&quot;&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:11.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:120%&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:normal&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:9pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span bold=&quot;&quot; new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold&quot;&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;_Hlk209891041&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;Table 1: Investigating the differences in biometric and growth indices of koi fish&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;table align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;Table&quot; style=&quot;border-collapse:collapse; border:none&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;&gt;
	&lt;tbody&gt;
		&lt;tr&gt;
			&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom:1px solid black; width:11%; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; height:.12px; border-top:1px solid black; border-right:none; border-left:none&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:11pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:normal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:9.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;Treatment&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
			&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom:1px solid black; width:14%; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; height:.12px; border-top:1px solid black; border-right:none; border-left:none&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:11pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:normal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:9.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;Initial weight(grams)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
			&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom:1px solid black; width:12%; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; height:.12px; border-top:1px solid black; border-right:none; border-left:none&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:11pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:normal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:9.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;Secondary weight (gram)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
			&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom:1px solid black; width:12%; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; height:.12px; border-top:1px solid black; border-right:none; border-left:none&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:11pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:normal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:9.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;Specific growth rate (SGR)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
			&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom:1px solid black; width:14%; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; height:.12px; border-top:1px solid black; border-right:none; border-left:none&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:11pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:normal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:9.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;Weight gain (gram) WG&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
			&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom:1px solid black; width:9%; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; height:.12px; border-top:1px solid black; border-right:none; border-left:none&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:11pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:normal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:9.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;Initial length&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;
			&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:11pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:normal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:9.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;(cm)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
			&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom:1px solid black; width:12%; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; height:.12px; border-top:1px solid black; border-right:none; border-left:none&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:11pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:normal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:9.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;Secondary length&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot; lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size:10.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; nazanin=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;
			&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:11pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:normal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:9.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;(cm)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
			&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom:1px solid black; width:12%; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; height:.12px; border-top:1px solid black; border-right:none; border-left:none&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:11pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:normal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:9.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;Survival rate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;
			&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:11pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:normal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:9.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;SR&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
		&lt;/tr&gt;
		&lt;tr&gt;
			&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom:none; width:11%; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; height:.12px; border-top:none; border-right:none; border-left:none&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:11pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:normal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:9.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;T4&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
			&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom:none; width:14%; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; height:.12px; border-top:none; border-right:none; border-left:none&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:11pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:normal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:9.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;48.58&amp;plusmn;0.26&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
			&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom:none; width:12%; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; height:.12px; border-top:none; border-right:none; border-left:none&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:11pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:normal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:8.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;48.12&amp;plusmn;0.45&lt;sup&gt; a&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
			&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom:none; width:12%; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; height:.12px; border-top:none; border-right:none; border-left:none&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:11pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:normal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:9.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;-0.032&amp;plusmn;0.04&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
			&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom:none; width:10%; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; height:.12px; border-top:none; border-right:none; border-left:none&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:11pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:normal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:8.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;46.58&amp;plusmn;0.0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
			&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom:none; width:13%; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; height:.12px; border-top:none; border-right:none; border-left:none&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:11pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:normal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:9.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;16.51&amp;plusmn;0.18&lt;sup&gt; ab&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
			&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom:none; width:12%; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; height:.12px; border-top:none; border-right:none; border-left:none&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:11pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:normal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:9.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;16.48&amp;plusmn;0.18&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
			&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom:none; width:12%; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; height:.12px; border-top:none; border-right:none; border-left:none&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:11pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:normal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:8.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;7&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:8.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;7/&lt;b&gt;9&lt;/b&gt;8&amp;plusmn;3/85 a&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
		&lt;/tr&gt;
		&lt;tr&gt;
			&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom:none; width:11%; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; height:.12px; border-top:none; border-right:none; border-left:none&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:11pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:normal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:9.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;C+&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
			&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom:none; width:14%; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; height:.12px; border-top:none; border-right:none; border-left:none&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:11pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:normal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:9.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;48.26&amp;plusmn;0.26&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
			&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom:none; width:12%; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; height:.12px; border-top:none; border-right:none; border-left:none&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:11pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:normal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:8.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;48.96&amp;plusmn;0.14&lt;sup&gt; b&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
			&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom:none; width:12%; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; height:.12px; border-top:none; border-right:none; border-left:none&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:11pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:normal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:9.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;0.048&amp;plusmn;0.016&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
			&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom:none; width:10%; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; height:.12px; border-top:none; border-right:none; border-left:none&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:11pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:normal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:8.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;0.71&amp;plusmn;0.22&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
			&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom:none; width:13%; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; height:.12px; border-top:none; border-right:none; border-left:none&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:11pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:normal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:9.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;16.7&amp;plusmn;0.14&lt;sup&gt; b&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
			&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom:none; width:12%; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; height:.12px; border-top:none; border-right:none; border-left:none&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:11pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:normal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:9.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;16.9&amp;plusmn;0.12&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
			&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom:none; width:12%; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; height:.12px; border-top:none; border-right:none; border-left:none&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:11pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:normal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:9.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;100&amp;plusmn;0 c&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
		&lt;/tr&gt;
		&lt;tr&gt;
			&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom:none; width:11%; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; height:.12px; border-top:none; border-right:none; border-left:none&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:11pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:normal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:9.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;C-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
			&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom:none; width:14%; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; height:.12px; border-top:none; border-right:none; border-left:none&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:11pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:normal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:9.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;48.14&amp;plusmn;0.23&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
			&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom:none; width:12%; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; height:.12px; border-top:none; border-right:none; border-left:none&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:11pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:normal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:8.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;48.71&amp;plusmn;0.28&lt;sup&gt; ab&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
			&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom:none; width:12%; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; height:.12px; border-top:none; border-right:none; border-left:none&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:11pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:normal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:9.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;0.039&amp;plusmn;0.034&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
			&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom:none; width:10%; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; height:.12px; border-top:none; border-right:none; border-left:none&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:11pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:normal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:8.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;0.57&amp;plusmn;0.49&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
			&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom:none; width:13%; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; height:.12px; border-top:none; border-right:none; border-left:none&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:11pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:normal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:9.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;16.4&amp;plusmn;0.27&lt;sup&gt; ab&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
			&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom:none; width:12%; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; height:.12px; border-top:none; border-right:none; border-left:none&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:11pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:normal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:9.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;16.6&amp;plusmn;0.21&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
			&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom:none; width:12%; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; height:.12px; border-top:none; border-right:none; border-left:none&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:11pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:normal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:9.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;100&amp;plusmn;0 c&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;
			&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:11pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:normal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:9.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
		&lt;/tr&gt;
		&lt;tr&gt;
			&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom:1px solid black; width:11%; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; height:.12px; border-top:none; border-right:none; border-left:none&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:11pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:normal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:9.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;p&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:9.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;-value&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
			&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom:1px solid black; width:14%; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; height:.12px; border-top:none; border-right:none; border-left:none&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:11pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:normal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:9.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;0.199&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
			&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom:1px solid black; width:12%; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; height:.12px; border-top:none; border-right:none; border-left:none&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:11pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:normal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:9.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;0.036*&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
			&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom:1px solid black; width:12%; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; height:.12px; border-top:none; border-right:none; border-left:none&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:11pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:normal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:9.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;0.045&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
			&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom:1px solid black; width:10%; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; height:.12px; border-top:none; border-right:none; border-left:none&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:11pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:normal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:9.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;0.041&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
			&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom:1px solid black; width:13%; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; height:.12px; border-top:none; border-right:none; border-left:none&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:11pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:normal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:9.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;0.053&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
			&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom:1px solid black; width:12%; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; height:.12px; border-top:none; border-right:none; border-left:none&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:11pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:normal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:9.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;0.064&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
			&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom:1px solid black; width:12%; padding:0cm 7px 0cm 7px; height:.12px; border-top:none; border-right:none; border-left:none&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:11pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:normal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:9.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;0/041*&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
		&lt;/tr&gt;
		&lt;tr&gt;
			&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom:none; border-top:none; border-right:none; border-left:none; width:81px&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
			&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom:none; border-top:none; border-right:none; border-left:none; width:105px&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
			&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom:none; border-top:none; border-right:none; border-left:none; width:90px&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
			&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom:none; border-top:none; border-right:none; border-left:none; width:89px&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
			&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom:none; border-top:none; border-right:none; border-left:none; width:71px&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
			&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom:none; border-top:none; border-right:none; border-left:none; width:29px&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
			&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom:none; border-top:none; border-right:none; border-left:none; width:69px&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
			&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom:none; border-top:none; border-right:none; border-left:none; width:87px&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
			&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom:none; border-top:none; border-right:none; border-left:none; width:88px&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
		&lt;/tr&gt;
	&lt;/tbody&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:11pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:17.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;direction:rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;unicode-bidi:embed&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; nazanin=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:12pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:17.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:11.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:normal&quot;&gt;Water quality in&amp;nbsp; treatmentT4 .&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:11.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:normal&quot;&gt;The results revealed no significant difference in pH between experimental treatments based on the days of study.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:11.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:normal&quot;&gt;the study, the highest and the lowest pH was related to the main treatment3&amp;nbsp; and negative control treatment,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:11.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:normal&quot;&gt;respectively.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:11.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:normal&quot;&gt;Also on the sixth day, the highest and the treatment4. Hematological analysis revealed significant stress in T4 fish. Hemoglobin and hematocrit decreased, and RBC and WBC counts were significantly lower than in controls., with C3 and C4 complement proteins elevated, alongside increased ALT, AST, and ALP, indicating hepatic disturbance.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:12pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;text-justify:kashida&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;text-kashida:0%&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:120%&quot;&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:11.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:120%&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:normal&quot;&gt;Histopathology showed epithelial hyperplasia and lamellar fusion in gills, tubular degeneration in kidneys, and vacuolated hepatocytes in the liver. Positive control fish maintained nearly normal tissue architecture, supporting the protective role of FBS. Overall, T4 ammonia exposure induced multi-level disturbances affecting growth, hematology, serum chemistry, and tissue integrity. FBS mitigated these effects, maintaining better survival, growth, and physiological health.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:12pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;text-justify:kashida&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;text-kashida:0%&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:120%&quot;&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:11.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:120%&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:12pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;text-justify:kashida&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;text-kashida:0%&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:120%&quot;&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:11.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:120%&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:12pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;text-justify:kashida&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;text-kashida:0%&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:120%&quot;&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:11.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:120%&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;Discussion and conclusion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:11pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;text-justify:kashida&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;text-kashida:0%&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:120%&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;text-autospace:none&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif&quot;&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;High ammonia levels are a significant stressor for koi carp, causing hematological, enzymatic, and histopathological abnormalities Decreased hemoglobin and hematocrit impair oxygen transport, while elevated liver enzymes indicate metabolic dysfunction. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;Histopathological changes in the gills, kidney and liver indicate direct tissue damage and confirm the multi- organ toxicity of ammonia (Das &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., 2004; Gao &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., 2020). Research has shown that exposure of fish to nitrite will decrease the amount of immunoglobulin IgM and lysozyme (Ciji and Akhtar, 2020). This is also agrees with the findings of this study (Table4). it was found that the change in the results of some researchers (Garcia et al., 2020) showed that the decrease in MDA levels after exposure of lamprey fish to diesel oil contaminants is likely to indicate a relationship between increased antioxidant protection, MDA metabolism and MDA excretion in water. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;There was no significant difference between the control and 1 groups in terms of MDA content, but it increased with increasing ammonia content. This indicates that FBS has been able to inhibit the negative effects of ammonia, but this problem has shown itself in groups 3 and 4.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:11pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;text-justify:kashida&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;text-kashida:0%&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:120%&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif&quot;&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;According to the research, it is necessary to conduct additional research on the removal of FBS on other fish, in larger scale and for a longer period of storage. It is obvious that since nitrogenous substances are one of the main problems of aquaculture farms, this additional research can be effective in reducing such toxic substances. Ammonia nitrogen is a common environmental limiting factor in aquaculture that can accumulate rapidly in water and reach toxic concentrations. In most aquatic environments, fish are vulnerable to the toxic effects of high levels of ammonia nitrogen. It has been determined that the toxic effects of ammonia nitrogen on fish are multi-mechanistic. Therefore, the aim of this review is to investigate the various toxic effects of ammonia nitrogen on fish, including oxidative stress, neurotoxicity, tissue damage, and immune response.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:12pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:17.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:11.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;Conflict of interest&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:11.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:normal&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:12pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:17.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:11.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:normal&quot;&gt;The authors declare no conflict of interest.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:12pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:17.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:11.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;Acknowledgment&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:11.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:normal&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:12pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:17.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:11.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:normal&quot;&gt;The authors thank the ornamental fish breeding center for providing experimental fish and laboratory staff for technical assistance with water analysis, blood sampling, and histopathology.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:11pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:normal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot; lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size:14.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; lotus=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</abstract>
	<keyword_fa>ماهی کوی, بی سولفیت سدیم, آمونیاک, آب مخازن, شاخص خونی</keyword_fa>
	<keyword>Ammonia, Antibody-enzyme, Bioaccumulation, Liver indices, Toxicity, FBS</keyword>
	<start_page>1</start_page>
	<end_page>16</end_page>
	<web_url>http://isfj.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-2929-1&amp;slc_lang=fa&amp;sid=1</web_url>


<author_list>
	<author>
	<first_name>Samaneh</first_name>
	<middle_name></middle_name>
	<last_name>Adibi</last_name>
	<suffix></suffix>
	<first_name_fa>سمانه</first_name_fa>
	<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
	<last_name_fa>ادیبی</last_name_fa>
	<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
	<email>Samaneh.adibi@gmail.com</email>
	<code>100319475328460040966</code>
	<orcid>100319475328460040966</orcid>
	<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
	<affiliation></affiliation>
	<affiliation_fa>گروه علوم و محیط زیست، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد علوم و تحقیقات، تهران، ایران</affiliation_fa>
	 </author>


	<author>
	<first_name>Mehdi</first_name>
	<middle_name></middle_name>
	<last_name>Ramezani</last_name>
	<suffix></suffix>
	<first_name_fa>مهدی</first_name_fa>
	<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
	<last_name_fa>رمضانی</last_name_fa>
	<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
	<email>dr.mramezani@yahoo.com</email>
	<code>100319475328460040967</code>
	<orcid>100319475328460040967</orcid>
	<coreauthor>Yes
</coreauthor>
	<affiliation></affiliation>
	<affiliation_fa>گروه علوم و محیط زیست، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد علوم و تحقیقات، تهران، ایران</affiliation_fa>
	 </author>


	<author>
	<first_name>Shapour</first_name>
	<middle_name></middle_name>
	<last_name>Kakoolaki</last_name>
	<suffix></suffix>
	<first_name_fa>شاپور</first_name_fa>
	<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
	<last_name_fa>کاکولکی</last_name_fa>
	<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
	<email>bsh443@gmail.com</email>
	<code>100319475328460040968</code>
	<orcid>100319475328460040968</orcid>
	<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
	<affiliation></affiliation>
	<affiliation_fa>موسسه تحقیقات علوم شیلاتی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران</affiliation_fa>
	 </author>


	<author>
	<first_name>Reza</first_name>
	<middle_name></middle_name>
	<last_name>Kazempoor</last_name>
	<suffix></suffix>
	<first_name_fa>رضا</first_name_fa>
	<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
	<last_name_fa>کاظم پور</last_name_fa>
	<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
	<email>rkbs-kh@yahoo.com</email>
	<code>100319475328460040969</code>
	<orcid>100319475328460040969</orcid>
	<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
	<affiliation></affiliation>
	<affiliation_fa>گروه بهداشت و بیماری‌های آبزیان، واحد علوم و تحقیقات،دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران</affiliation_fa>
	 </author>


</author_list>


	</article>
</articleset>
</journal>
